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Economy of Saint Vincent vs United Kingdom compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Saint Vincent has a GDP of $1.26B compared to $4T for the United Kingdom, ranking 187/197 and 5/197 by economy size, respectively.

Saint Vincent has $1.42B in government debt (113.4% of GDP), compared to $4.1T (102.3% of GDP) in the United Kingdom.

Saint Vincent vs United Kingdom GDP by year

Saint Vincent
United Kingdom
1x
Year GDP, current $
Saint Vincent United Kingdom
2025 $1,255,222,222 $4,002,587,541,846
2024 $1,157,207,407 $3,695,539,513,534
2023 $1,072,237,037 $3,420,796,653,789
2022 $989,188,889 $3,181,244,350,465
2021 $888,677,778 $3,194,559,188,926
2020 $864,566,667 $2,724,001,478,305
2019 $910,481,481 $2,875,710,080,015
2018 $884,329,630 $2,897,028,009,916
2017 $844,040,741 $2,699,118,387,873
2016 $814,303,704 $2,706,807,606,539
2015 $786,555,556 $2,945,579,890,258
2014 $770,900,000 $3,085,362,169,410
2013 $764,781,259 $2,796,908,333,283
2012 $730,032,593 $2,719,715,961,540
2011 $713,796,370 $2,675,590,034,129
2010 $720,447,889 $2,496,740,681,057
2009 $714,300,259 $2,429,358,155,476
2008 $732,663,259 $2,945,251,838,235
2007 $713,596,667 $3,104,699,879,952
2006 $643,501,148 $2,719,558,417,663
2005 $579,948,926 $2,551,361,818,182
2004 $549,900,185 $2,429,774,807,763
2003 $509,090,889 $2,061,227,755,102
2002 $487,763,852 $1,790,536,570,743
2001 $462,072,333 $1,656,171,009,069
2000 $427,946,037 $1,671,597,821,153
1999 $390,718,519 $1,693,458,987,219
1998 $373,618,519 $1,660,821,464,061
1997 $347,770,370 $1,569,317,288,802
1996 $331,488,889 $1,425,287,051,482
1995 $316,007,407 $1,349,094,208,616
1994 $289,437,037 $1,140,489,745,944
1993 $286,307,407 $1,061,388,722,256
1992 $277,955,556 $1,179,659,529,660
1991 $254,829,630 $1,142,797,178,131
1990 $240,366,667 $1,093,169,389,205
1989 $214,745,002 $926,884,816,754
1988 $200,726,713 $910,122,732,124
1987 $175,580,647 $745,162,608,269
1986 $160,846,657 $601,452,653,181
1985 $145,641,705 $489,285,164,271
1984 $135,024,988 $461,487,097,632
1983 $122,255,350 $489,618,008,186
1982 $113,759,203 $515,048,916,841
1981 $102,086,539 $540,765,675,241
1980 $82,340,340 $564,947,710,899
1979 $71,096,360 $438,994,070,309
1978 $60,844,771 $335,883,029,722
1977 $49,353,162 $263,066,457,352
1976 $32,792,845 $232,614,555,256
1975 $33,237,226 $241,756,637,168
1974 $32,923,703 $206,131,369,799
1973 $30,165,081 $192,537,971,583
1972 $27,585,805 $169,965,034,965
1971 $20,051,922 $148,113,896,325
1970 $18,450,000 $130,671,946,244
1969 $16,650,000 $116,464,702,803
1968 $15,350,000 $107,759,910,068
1967 $15,835,106 $113,116,888,211
1966 $16,099,960 $108,572,752,102
1965 $15,108,296 $101,824,755,079
1964 $14,758,296 $94,407,558,351
1963 $13,708,299 $86,561,961,812
1962 $14,524,964 $81,247,564,157
1961 $13,999,965 $77,741,965,703
1960 $13,066,634 $73,233,967,692

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/saint-vincent/united-kingdom | CC BY

GDP per capita in Saint Vincent vs United Kingdom by year

Saint Vincent
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Saint Vincent United Kingdom
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $12,562 - $57,602 -
2024 $11,501 $21,272 $53,341 $62,009
2023 $10,582 $19,820 $49,920 $59,911
2022 $9,694 $18,035 $47,035 $59,022
2021 $8,641 $16,201 $47,696 $51,004
2020 $8,351 $15,337 $40,815 $48,230
2019 $8,741 $15,340 $43,161 $50,065
2018 $8,428 $14,690 $43,704 $47,212
2017 $7,988 $13,575 $40,918 $46,113
2016 $7,657 $13,493 $41,259 $44,085
2015 $7,354 $12,379 $45,256 $42,515
2014 $7,169 $12,136 $47,747 $41,267
2013 $7,072 $11,625 $43,608 $39,948
2012 $6,714 $10,989 $42,688 $38,337
2011 $6,528 $10,774 $42,296 $37,224
2010 $6,552 $10,561 $39,778 $36,484
2009 $6,464 $10,869 $39,009 $35,042
2008 $6,599 $10,902 $47,652 $36,745
2007 $6,398 $10,604 $50,629 $35,522
2006 $5,745 $9,949 $44,695 $34,727
2005 $5,157 $8,986 $42,240 $32,726
2004 $4,873 $8,472 $40,504 $32,051
2003 $4,500 $7,903 $34,557 $30,314
2002 $4,303 $7,250 $30,159 $29,089
2001 $4,071 $6,768 $28,014 $27,913
2000 $3,769 $6,503 $28,384 $26,536
1999 $3,447 $6,266 $28,858 $24,494
1998 $3,301 $6,026 $28,396 $23,689
1997 $3,074 $5,726 $26,910 $23,071
1996 $2,930 $5,440 $24,503 $21,947
1995 $2,795 $5,277 $23,253 $20,595
1994 $2,563 $4,802 $19,709 $19,605
1993 $2,540 $4,769 $18,389 $18,336
1992 $2,471 $4,477 $20,487 $17,349
1991 $2,271 $4,126 $19,901 $16,791
1990 $2,150 $3,960 $19,095 $16,505
1989 $1,930 - $16,239 -
1988 $1,814 - $15,987 -
1987 $1,596 - $13,119 -
1986 $1,472 - $10,611 -
1985 $1,342 - $8,652 -
1984 $1,254 - $8,179 -
1983 $1,144 - $8,692 -
1982 $1,074 - $9,146 -
1981 $972 - $9,599 -
1980 $790 - $10,032 -
1979 $687 - $7,805 -
1978 $592 - $5,977 -
1977 $484 - $4,681 -
1976 $324 - $4,138 -
1975 $331 - $4,300 -
1974 $331 - $3,666 -
1973 $306 - $3,426 -
1972 $282.1 - $3,030 -
1971 $207 - $2,650 -
1970 $192.3 - $2,348 -
1969 $175.2 - $2,101 -
1968 $163.1 - $1,952 -
1967 $170 - $2,059 -
1966 $174.9 - $1,987 -
1965 $166.2 - $1,874 -
1964 $164.4 - $1,748 -
1963 $154.9 - $1,613 -
1962 $166.5 - $1,526 -
1961 $163 - $1,472 -
1960 $154.8 - $1,398 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/saint-vincent/united-kingdom | CC BY

Saint Vincent's GDP per capita is $12,562, ranking 81/197, compared to $57,602 in the United Kingdom, ranking 21/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Saint Vincent ranks 92nd at $21,272, while the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009.

Economic indicators

Saint Vincent United Kingdom
Gross domestic product
$1.26B
2025
$4T
2025
GDP rank
187/197
2025
5/197
2025
GDP growth
3.39%
2024-2025
1.39%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$12,562
2025
$57,602
2025
GDP per capita rank
81/197
2025
21/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$21,272
2024
$62,009
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
92/197
2024
32/197
2024
Government debt
$1.42B
2025
$4.1T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
113.4%
2025
102.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$14,247
2025
$58,936
2025
Government debt per person rank
46/185
2025
7/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$12,810
2026
$43,539
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$3.1T
2022
Number of millionaires n/a
2,428,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
56
2026
Income share by richest 10% n/a
25%
2021
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
2.9%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
41%
2025
43.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.82%
2024-2025
3.88%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
18.8%
2008
4.9%
2025
Population
99243
70071289

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Saint Vincent
Spending

Debt
United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Saint Vincent United Kingdom
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 41% 113.4% 43.6% 102.3%
2024 43.9% 102.8% 43.7% 99.9%
2023 39.7% 91.3% 44.2% 98.9%
2022 36.6% 88.6% 43.2% 97.5%
2021 37.2% 88.3% 44.9% 103.4%
2020 32.9% 81.7% 49.3% 104.8%
2019 29.1% 68% 38.3% 84.9%
2018 26.3% 69.3% 38.5% 85.6%
2017 26.6% 69.5% 38.8% 86.1%
2016 27.1% 78.1% 39.3% 87.3%
2015 27.6% 76% 40.1% 87.3%
2014 30.4% 75.1% 40.8% 86.5%
2013 29.5% 70% 41.6% 84.9%
2012 26.3% 67.8% 43.3% 84.1%
2011 29.4% 64% 43.3% 81.1%
2010 31.1% 61.1% 44.5% 75.5%
2009 31% 57.2% 44.2% 64.5%
2008 28.3% 50.2% 40.6% 50.6%
2007 27.1% 48.4% 38.4% 43%
2006 26.1% 44.7% 38.2% 41.9%
2005 26.7% 50.5% 38.3% 40.9%
2004 24.9% 58.5% 37.9% 39.7%
2003 26% 55.3% 37% 36.6%
2002 25.7% 53.2% 35.8% 35.3%
2001 24.4% 51.9% 34.5% 34.8%
2000 23.8% 54.2% 33.8% 37.5%
1999 25.5% 53.4% 33.7% 40.3%
1998 25.4% 39.9% 34.3% 41.8%
1997 26.4% 39.3% 34.7% 43.9%
1996 21.2% 41.2% 35.6% 43.5%
1995 20.3% 47.6% 37.5% 43.5%
1994 23% 54.2% 37.4% 40.6%
1993 22.8% 49.3% 37.6% 37.8%
1992 25.9% 50.7% 37.7% 33.1%
1991 26.2% 53.5% 35.7% 28.4%
1990 23.7% 55.3% 34.9% 28.4%
1989 27.6% - 39.7% 31.4%
1988 24.8% - 40.3% 36.6%
1987 23.7% - 42.7% 41.8%
1986 22.3% - 44.6% 42.9%
1985 21.4% - 48.7% 42.9%
1984 23.1% - 50.3% 44.1%
1983 - - 50.4% 44.2%
1982 - - 50.8% 44.7%
1981 - - 51.2% 41.1%
1980 - - 47.6% 43.7%
1979 - - 45.1% 44.5%
1978 - - 46.2% 47.3%
1977 - - 46.8% 53.7%
1976 - - 49.2% 47.7%
1975 - - 49.1% 49.6%
1974 - - 47.8% 56.2%
1973 - - 43.5% 58.5%
1972 - - 42.3% 65%
1971 - - 41.2% 67.9%
1970 - - 42% 73.4%
1969 - - 39.2% 82.8%
1968 - - 40.3% 88.5%
1967 - - 40.1% 89.1%
1966 - - 35.7% 91.9%
1965 - - 34.6% 94.6%
1964 - - 32.8% 101.1%
1963 - - 37.4% 108.6%
1962 - - 33.8% 110.5%
1961 - - 31.5% 113.8%
1960 - - 33.1% 117.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/saint-vincent/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2025, Saint Vincent's government spending was $515M, accounting for 41% of its GDP, while the United Kingdom spent $1.75T, or 43.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 113.4% in Saint Vincent and 102.3% in the United Kingdom, ranking 15/185 and 22/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Saint Vincent

United Kingdom
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Saint Vincent United Kingdom
2025 -12.3% -5.38%
2024 -16% -6.06%
2023 -12.5% -6.05%
2022 -9.35% -4.6%
2021 -7.19% -7.54%
2020 -5.92% -12.9%
2019 -3.45% -2.38%
2018 -1.65% -2.23%
2017 -1.56% -2.48%
2016 0.04% -3.28%
2015 -2.01% -4.53%
2014 -2.82% -5.47%
2013 -5.82% -5.29%
2012 -1.8% -7.96%
2011 -3.5% -7.42%
2010 -3.69% -9.25%
2009 -2.85% -9.97%
2008 -1.29% -5.05%
2007 -3.07% -2.63%
2006 -3.12% -2.74%
2005 -4.3% -3.13%
2004 -2.71% -3.14%
2003 -2.51% -3.19%
2002 -2% -1.95%
2001 -1.6% 0.34%
2000 -0.82% 1.4%
1999 -1.95% 0.76%
1998 -1.82% -0.21%
1997 -2.81% -2%
1996 1.58% -3.63%
1995 1.1% -4.97%
1994 0.12% -5.72%
1993 -1.5% -6.6%
1992 -3.32% -5.39%
1991 -0.49% -2.76%
1990 1.73% -1.53%
1989 -1.92% 0.77%
1988 0.59% 0.46%
1987 1.1% -1.79%
1986 2.32% -2.56%
1985 4.23% -5.57%
1984 2.5% -6.39%
1983 - -6.26%
1982 - -5.66%
1981 - -7.03%
1980 - -5.65%
1979 - -5.79%
1978 - -6.63%
1977 - -4.41%
1976 - -5.61%
1975 - -5.08%
1974 - -4.06%
1973 - -4.29%
1972 - -1.66%
1971 - 1.48%
1970 - 2.61%
1969 - 1.03%
1968 - -2.3%
1967 - -4.57%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.06%
1964 - -1.76%
1963 - -5.47%
1962 - -0.49%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.75%
1959 - -0.58%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - -1.04%
1956 - 0.55%
1955 - -0.39%
1954 - -1.65%
1953 - -2.84%
1952 - -1.26%
1951 - 2.03%
1950 - 0.34%
1949 - 3.01%
1948 - -0.39%
1947 - -15.8%
1946 - -22.5%
1945 - -30.9%
1944 - -29.7%
1943 - -33.3%
1942 - -31.6%
1941 - -32%
1940 - -12.1%
1939 - -2.99%
1938 - 0%
1937 - 0.82%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 0.37%
1934 - 0.48%
1933 - 0.99%
1932 - -0.15%
1931 - 0.8%
1930 - 1.01%
1929 - 0.75%
1928 - 1.75%
1927 - 1.62%
1926 - 0.6%
1925 - 0.84%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - 2.23%
1922 - 2.45%
1921 - 1.15%
1920 - 4.2%
1919 - -6.28%
1918 - -34.4%
1917 - -48.8%
1916 - -50.6%
1915 - -30%
1914 - -14.6%
1913 - 0.25%
1912 - 0.22%
1911 - 0.51%
1910 - 1.75%
1909 - -1.25%
1908 - 0.34%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.58%
1905 - 0.36%
1904 - 0.2%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.77%
1901 - -2.74%
1900 - -2.96%
1899 - -0.79%
1898 - 0.01%
1897 - 0.25%
1896 - 0.17%
1895 - 0.3%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - -0.007%
1892 - 0.14%
1891 - 0.19%
1890 - 0.23%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - 0.27%
1887 - 0.25%
1886 - 0.07%
1885 - -0.21%
1884 - -0.04%
1883 - 0.06%
1882 - 0.02%
1881 - 0.06%
1880 - 0.1%
1879 - -0.86%
1878 - -0.18%
1877 - -0.18%
1876 - 0.09%
1875 - 0%
1874 - 0.09%
1873 - 0%
1872 - 0.55%
1871 - 0.29%
1870 - 0%
1869 - 0.77%
1868 - -0.45%
1867 - -0.45%
1866 - 0.11%
1865 - 0%
1864 - 0.24%
1863 - 0%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.4%
1860 - -0.43%
1859 - 0%
1858 - -0.15%
1857 - -0.15%
1856 - -0.6%
1855 - -3.57%
1854 - -3.39%
1853 - 0.5%
1852 - 0.35%
1851 - 0.35%
1850 - 0.37%
1849 - 0.34%
1848 - -0.17%
1847 - -6.13%
1846 - 0.52%
1845 - 0.56%
1844 - 0.59%
1843 - 0.44%
1842 - -0.87%
1841 - -0.42%
1840 - -0.2%
1839 - -0.18%
1838 - -0.19%
1837 - -0.21%
1836 - 0.59%
1835 - 0.42%
1834 - 0.23%
1833 - 0.24%
1832 - 0%
1831 - 0%
1830 - 0.45%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/saint-vincent/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2025, Saint Vincent's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $155M, equivalent to 12.3% of GDP. This compares to the United Kingdom's deficit of $215B, or 5.38% of GDP.

Over the past 42 years, Saint Vincent recorded a fiscal deficit in 32 of those years, while the United Kingdom ran a deficit in 37 years. On average, Saint Vincent posted an annual deficit equal to 2.68% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.05% of GDP for the United Kingdom.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Saint Vincent

United Kingdom
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Saint Vincent United Kingdom
2025 0.82% 3.88%
2024 3.63% 3.27%
2023 4.56% 6.79%
2022 5.66% 7.92%
2021 1.57% 2.52%
2020 -0.63% 0.99%
2019 0.91% 1.74%
2018 2.32% 2.29%
2017 2.15% 2.56%
2016 -0.15% 1.01%
2015 -1.73% 0.37%
2014 0.19% 1.45%
2013 0.81% 2.29%
2012 2.6% 2.57%
2011 3.19% 3.86%
2010 0.75% 2.49%
2009 0.42% 1.96%
2008 10.1% 3.52%
2007 7.24% 2.39%
2006 2.74% 2.46%
2005 3.73% 2.09%
2004 2.96% 1.39%
2003 0.21% 1.38%
2002 1.86% 1.52%
2001 0.9% 1.53%
2000 0.17% 1.18%
1999 1.01% 1.75%
1998 2.14% 1.82%
1997 0.44% 2.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/saint-vincent/united-kingdom | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Saint Vincent has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.09%, compared with 2.46% in the United Kingdom. In 2025, inflation was 0.82% in Saint Vincent and 3.88% in the United Kingdom.

Top exports between countries

Saint Vincent
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $240K
Machinery & equipment $151K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $48K
Textiles & consumer goods $32K
Wood & paper products $11K
Chemicals & pharma $3K
Metals $1K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K
United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $9M
Animal & marine products $5.31M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.44M
Wood & paper products $2.4M
Chemicals & pharma $2.15M
Metals $1.86M
Raw materials & minerals $1.52M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $743K
Raw agricultural goods $198K
Miscellaneous $153K

Balance of trade

Saint Vincent United Kingdom
Current account balance
-$202M
2025
-$97.1B
2025
Current account balance ranking
92/190
2025
189/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-16.1%
2025
-2.43%
2025
Goods imports
$458M
2025
$827B
2025
Goods exports
$52M
2025
$506B
2025
Service imports
$213M
2025
$450B
2025
Service exports
$382M
2025
$720B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP n/a
31.9%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
15.3%
2026
30.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Saint Vincent United Kingdom
Economic freedom 60 70.4
Economic freedom ranking 98/197 35/197
Property rights 65.2 93.6
Government integrity 63.3 83
Judicial effectiveness 76.9 83.1
Tax burden 82 61.7
Government spending 56.2 41.1
Fiscal health 2.8 32.4
Business freedom 67.3 83.6
Labor freedom 60.1 61.2
Monetary freedom 77.3 71.9
Trade freedom 58.8 82.8
Investment freedom 70 70
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Saint Vincent
United Kingdom
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Saint Vincent United Kingdom
2026 60 70.4
2025 60.1 69.3
2024 59.8 68.6
2023 63.5 69.9
2022 65.7 72.7
2021 66.3 78.4
2020 66.8 79.3
2019 65.8 78.9
2018 67.7 78
2017 65.2 76.4
2016 68.8 76.4
2015 68 75.8
2014 67 74.9
2013 66.7 74.8
2012 66.5 74.1
2011 66.9 74.5
2010 66.9 76.5
2009 64.3 79
2008 - 79.4
2007 - 79.9
2006 - 80.4
2005 - 79.2
2004 - 77.7
2003 - 77.5
2002 - 78.5
2001 - 77.6
2000 - 77.3
1999 - 76.2
1998 - 76.5
1997 - 76.4
1996 - 76.4
1995 - 77.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/saint-vincent/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Saint Vincent is 60, ranking 98/197, compared to 70.4 for the United Kingdom, ranking 35/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Saint Vincent United Kingdom
Services, % of GDP
66.4%
2025
73.1%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
15.1%
2025
16.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.44%
2025
0.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$1.2B
2025
$3.79T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$22,340
2025
$64,210
2025
Total reserves including gold
$281M
2025
$214B
2025
Total reserves ranking
168/177
2025
19/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$113M
2025
$10.3B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$139M
2024
-$13B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$1.92M
2024
-$72.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.78%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines n/a
18.6%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP n/a
19.7%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/saint-vincent/united-kingdom | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.