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Economy of Ecuador vs Switzerland compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Ecuador has a GDP of $130B compared to $1.04T for Switzerland, ranking 64/197 and 20/197 by economy size, respectively.

Ecuador has $70.9B in government debt (54.4% of GDP), compared to $411B (39.4% of GDP) in Switzerland.

Ecuador vs Switzerland GDP by year

Ecuador
Switzerland
1x
Year GDP, current $
Ecuador Switzerland
2025 $130,320,560,400 $1,043,529,899,251
2024 $123,802,374,000 $969,919,786,395
2023 $120,792,801,000 $928,435,275,852
2022 $116,133,121,000 $858,479,038,994
2021 $107,179,074,000 $840,710,023,481
2020 $95,865,473,000 $756,096,180,222
2019 $107,595,830,000 $736,384,764,157
2018 $107,478,961,000 $740,766,531,454
2017 $104,467,486,000 $706,660,443,624
2016 $97,671,433,000 $698,607,778,795
2015 $97,209,558,000 $706,199,008,879
2014 $102,717,794,000 $741,168,119,617
2013 $96,570,334,000 $718,748,402,260
2012 $87,735,048,000 $697,882,536,677
2011 $78,986,648,000 $727,231,637,102
2010 $68,151,329,000 $609,999,593,542
2009 $60,094,978,000 $563,659,557,945
2008 $61,139,438,000 $574,703,945,157
2007 $49,848,725,000 $498,993,845,385
2006 $45,690,762,000 $448,364,681,767
2005 $40,278,849,000 $424,511,048,024
2004 $35,194,947,000 $409,012,909,530
2003 $30,965,208,000 $366,563,952,625
2002 $27,054,197,000 $313,930,961,761
2001 $23,127,055,000 $290,160,142,214
2000 $17,539,454,727 $282,327,351,966
1999 $19,645,272,636 $301,911,268,140
1998 $27,981,896,948 $306,907,741,068
1997 $28,162,053,027 $298,868,250,534
1996 $25,226,393,197 $345,373,647,249
1995 $24,432,884,442 $358,152,520,085
1994 $22,708,673,337 $305,916,331,798
1993 $18,938,717,359 $276,339,744,180
1992 $18,094,238,119 $284,139,428,246
1991 $16,988,535,268 $272,953,645,746
1990 $15,239,272,612 $269,768,238,555
1989 $13,890,823,705 $211,241,694,480
1988 $13,051,881,851 $218,788,504,066
1987 $13,945,426,859 $202,238,567,597
1986 $15,314,138,472 $161,487,171,049
1985 $17,149,088,413 $112,652,623,418
1984 $16,912,509,092 $111,104,641,869
1983 $17,152,477,037 $116,361,728,836
1982 $19,929,846,396 $116,776,899,473
1981 $21,810,759,354 $113,936,168,924
1980 $17,881,508,242 $124,404,609,417
1979 $14,175,160,902 $116,702,524,208
1978 $11,922,497,876 $103,821,687,919
1977 $11,026,342,618 $74,237,819,014
1976 $9,091,921,030 $69,508,364,538
1975 $7,731,674,472 $66,452,559,176
1974 $6,599,257,044 $57,963,469,607
1973 $3,891,754,150 $50,296,651,921
1972 $3,185,986,087 $37,399,508,287
1971 $2,754,219,271 $30,492,832,676
1970 $2,862,503,139 $25,374,750,743
1969 $3,112,165,727 $22,780,211,812
1968 $2,582,179,864 $21,024,203,656
1967 $2,553,595,172 $19,689,329,510
1966 $2,429,308,639 $18,290,928,227
1965 $2,387,047,396 $17,033,079,428
1964 $2,244,146,103 $16,071,715,835
1963 $1,824,343,871 $14,499,109,270
1962 $1,518,207,703 $13,185,384,691
1961 $1,753,850,955 $11,889,851,950
1960 $2,069,464,937 $10,569,129,806

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/switzerland | CC BY

GDP per capita in Ecuador vs Switzerland by year

Ecuador
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Switzerland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Ecuador Switzerland
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $7,125 - $114,769 -
2024 $6,827 $15,840 $107,702 $96,498
2023 $6,718 $15,919 $104,450 $95,142
2022 $6,516 $15,198 $97,809 $94,421
2021 $6,061 $13,507 $96,583 $81,001
2020 $5,464 $11,527 $87,530 $72,998
2019 $6,205 $12,543 $85,873 $73,732
2018 $6,304 $12,187 $87,002 $70,689
2017 $6,233 $11,793 $83,610 $68,194
2016 $5,918 $10,881 $83,432 $67,351
2015 $5,976 $10,878 $85,265 $65,265
2014 $6,406 $11,836 $90,512 $63,417
2013 $6,109 $11,296 $88,851 $61,656
2012 $5,634 $10,245 $87,270 $59,441
2011 $5,154 $9,769 $91,910 $57,494
2010 $4,520 $8,969 $77,956 $54,426
2009 $4,053 $8,662 $72,788 $52,999
2008 $4,195 $8,663 $75,148 $53,809
2007 $3,479 $8,112 $66,082 $50,928
2006 $3,244 $7,885 $59,910 $46,266
2005 $2,909 $7,457 $57,080 $41,525
2004 $2,586 $6,980 $55,350 $40,171
2003 $2,316 $6,475 $49,947 $38,732
2002 $2,059 $6,282 $43,094 $38,705
2001 $1,791 $5,999 $40,134 $37,819
2000 $1,382 $5,728 $39,298 $36,703
1999 $1,575 $5,638 $42,261 $34,743
1998 $2,284 $5,940 $43,166 $33,860
1997 $2,341 $5,793 $42,160 $32,736
1996 $2,136 $5,560 $48,838 $31,509
1995 $2,108 $5,469 $50,869 $30,842
1994 $1,997 $5,339 $43,741 $30,265
1993 $1,698 $5,112 $39,828 $29,495
1992 $1,655 $4,998 $41,327 $29,113
1991 $1,587 $4,887 $40,140 $28,792
1990 $1,455 $4,632 $40,171 $28,461
1989 $1,356 - $31,780 -
1988 $1,304 - $33,183 -
1987 $1,426 - $30,899 -
1986 $1,604 - $24,828 -
1985 $1,842 - $17,411 -
1984 $1,864 - $17,247 -
1983 $1,940 - $18,128 -
1982 $2,314 - $18,271 -
1981 $2,601 - $17,931 -
1980 $2,190 - $19,686 -
1979 $1,783 - $18,541 -
1978 $1,541 - $16,528 -
1977 $1,465 - $11,819 -
1976 $1,242 - $11,029 -
1975 $1,086 - $10,484 -
1974 $954 - $9,140 -
1973 $579 - $7,974 -
1972 $488 - $5,973 -
1971 $434 - $4,908 -
1970 $465 - $4,105 -
1969 $521 - $3,712 -
1968 $445 - $3,465 -
1967 $454 - $3,286 -
1966 $445 - $3,091 -
1965 $450 - $2,908 -
1964 $436 - $2,776 -
1963 $365 - $2,546 -
1962 $312 - $2,366 -
1961 $371 - $2,188 -
1960 $451 - $1,984 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/switzerland | CC BY

Ecuador's GDP per capita is $7,125, ranking 102/197, compared to $114,769 in Switzerland, ranking 5/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Ecuador ranks 110th at $15,840, while Switzerland ranks 8th at $96,498.

Economic indicators

Ecuador Switzerland
Gross domestic product
$130B
2025
$1.04T
2025
GDP rank
64/197
2025
20/197
2025
GDP growth
3.73%
2024-2025
1.3%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$7,125
2025
$114,769
2025
GDP per capita rank
102/197
2025
5/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$15,840
2024
$96,498
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
110/197
2024
8/197
2024
Government debt
$70.9B
2025
$411B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
54.4%
2025
39.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$3,877
2025
$45,239
2025
Government debt per person rank
94/185
2025
12/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,605
2026
$89,347
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$747M
2000
$2.51T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
944,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
45
2026
Income share by richest 10%
35.1%
2025
26.6%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
1.7%
2025
2.9%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
38.4%
2025
31.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.71%
2024-2025
0.15%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
0%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.23%
2025
4.84%
2025
Population
18524711
9155878

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Ecuador
Spending

Debt
Switzerland
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Ecuador Switzerland
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 38.4% 54.4% 31.2% 39.4%
2024 38.3% 54.1% 31.3% 40.5%
2023 39.6% 54.5% 30.9% 37.3%
2022 38.9% 57.2% 30.5% 35.9%
2021 37.5% 61.8% 33.4% 39.7%
2020 40.2% 63.6% 36.3% 42.4%
2019 39.8% 52.1% 31.3% 38.8%
2018 40.9% 49.5% 31.1% 39%
2017 40.5% 47.4% 31.9% 41.1%
2016 44.1% 46.1% 31.9% 40.3%
2015 44.1% 36.4% 31.9% 41.4%
2014 45.9% 28.2% 31.5% 41.2%
2013 46.7% 23.4% 32% 41.2%
2012 43.2% 19.3% 31.1% 41.9%
2011 39.6% 18.6% 31% 41.2%
2010 35.4% 18.4% 30.9% 40.7%
2009 34.3% 19.7% 31.2% 42.4%
2008 35.6% 24.9% 29.6% 44.2%
2007 24.7% 29.6% 29% 44%
2006 21.7% 33.1% 30.1% 47.7%
2005 22% 35.8% 31.9% 54.1%
2004 21.3% 40.2% 32.6% 57.1%
2003 21.3% 47.2% 32.8% 56.2%
2002 22.8% 55% 33.6% 56.9%
2001 21.4% 63.8% 31.2% 50.5%
2000 24.3% 92.2% 31.9% 51.7%
1999 24.1% 105.2% 32.8% 52%
1998 21.5% 70.3% 32.3% 55.3%
1997 22% 61.5% 32.5% 52.9%
1996 22.7% 69.3% 32.5% 50.6%
1995 22% 70.5% 32% 49.3%
1994 - - 32% 46.4%
1993 - - 31.9% 43.7%
1992 - - 30.8% 38.9%
1991 - - 29% 34.6%
1990 - - 27.2% 32.8%
1989 - - 30% 32.5%
1988 - - 30.3% 35%
1987 - - 29.8% 36.5%
1986 - - 29.8% 37.6%
1985 - - 30.1% 39.1%
1984 - - 30.4% 39.8%
1983 - - 31.2% 40.2%
1982 - - 30.5% 40%
1981 - - 29.4% 40.8%
1980 - - 29.9% 43.9%
1979 - - 30.5% 44.6%
1978 - - 30.4% 46.6%
1977 - - 31% 46.9%
1976 - - 31.6% 46.7%
1975 - - 29.3% 42.3%
1974 - - 27.5% 38.4%
1973 - - 26.5% 37%
1972 - - 25.7% 38%
1971 - - 25.4% 38.7%
1970 - - 25.8% 38.9%
1969 - - 9.45% 7.08%
1968 - - 8.87% 6.99%
1967 - - 8.68% 7.26%
1966 - - 8.95% 7.62%
1965 - - 8.33% 8.28%
1964 - - 8.85% 9.43%
1963 - - 8.2% 10.8%
1962 - - 8.1% 12%
1961 - - 7.97% 14%
1960 - - 7.11% 16.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/switzerland | CC BY

In 2025, Ecuador's government spending was $50B, accounting for 38.4% of its GDP, while Switzerland spent $326B, or 31.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 54.4% in Ecuador and 39.4% in Switzerland, ranking 92/185 and 136/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Ecuador

Switzerland
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Ecuador Switzerland
2025 -2.88% 0.45%
2024 -1.28% 0.53%
2023 -3.49% 0.12%
2022 0.04% 1.15%
2021 -1.59% -0.28%
2020 -7.38% -2.96%
2019 -3.47% 1.31%
2018 -2.8% 1.26%
2017 -5.77% 1.11%
2016 -10.3% 0.23%
2015 -6.87% 0.54%
2014 -8.11% -0.24%
2013 -8.17% -0.42%
2012 -2.83% 0.23%
2011 -0.13% 0.67%
2010 -1.39% 0.35%
2009 -3.71% 0.49%
2008 0.57% 1.91%
2007 2.66% 1.55%
2006 2.92% 0.83%
2005 0.66% -0.64%
2004 1.94% -1.37%
2003 1.05% -1.34%
2002 0.74% -1.72%
2001 0.03% 0.2%
2000 -0.32% 0.28%
1999 -4.82% -1.55%
1998 -5.1% -1.29%
1997 -2.83% -2.3%
1996 -3.44% -1.98%
1995 -2.02% -1.83%
1994 - -2.55%
1993 - -3.1%
1992 - -2.92%
1991 - -1.82%
1990 - -0.05%
1989 - 0.2%
1988 - 0.42%
1987 - 0.78%
1986 - 0.93%
1985 - -0.25%
1984 - -0.52%
1983 - -1.23%
1982 - -1.21%
1981 - -0.54%
1980 - -1.34%
1979 - -1.79%
1978 - -1.12%
1977 - -1.64%
1976 - -1.89%
1975 - -0.93%
1974 - -1.01%
1973 - -0.93%
1972 - -1.39%
1971 - -1.41%
1970 - -1.44%
1969 - -0.98%
1968 - -0.73%
1967 - -1.07%
1966 - -0.87%
1965 - 0.05%
1964 - 0.77%
1963 - 0.25%
1962 - 0.95%
1961 - 0.34%
1960 - 1.95%
1959 - 0.72%
1958 - 0.59%
1957 - 0.66%
1956 - 2.24%
1955 - 1.1%
1954 - 1.44%
1953 - 0.38%
1952 - -1.17%
1951 - -0.36%
1950 - 1.49%
1949 - 0.04%
1948 - 1.37%
1947 - 1.27%
1946 - 0.52%
1945 - -7.57%
1944 - -9.37%
1943 - -8.55%
1942 - -7.28%
1941 - -8.78%
1940 - -10%
1939 - -5.05%
1938 - -1.53%
1937 - -0.17%
1936 - -0.33%
1935 - -0.23%
1934 - -0.33%
1933 - -0.88%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.03%
1930 - 0.07%
1929 - 0.22%
1928 - -
1927 - -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -0.12%
1912 - 0.03%
1911 - -0.006%
1910 - -0.14%
1909 - -0.78%
1908 - -0.1%
1907 - -0.02%
1906 - 0.15%
1905 - 0.41%
1904 - 0.002%
1903 - 0.09%
1902 - 0.02%
1901 - -0.14%
1900 - -0.07%
1899 - 0.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/switzerland | CC BY

In 2025, Ecuador's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3.76B, equivalent to 2.88% of GDP. This compares to Switzerland's surplus of $4.71B, or 0.45% of GDP.

Over the past 31 years, Ecuador recorded a fiscal deficit in 22 of those years, while Switzerland ran a deficit in 13 years. On average, Ecuador posted an annual deficit equal to 2.52% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.15% of GDP for Switzerland.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Ecuador

Switzerland
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Ecuador Switzerland
2025 0.71% 0.15%
2024 1.55% 1.06%
2023 2.22% 2.14%
2022 3.47% 2.84%
2021 0.13% 0.58%
2020 -0.34% -0.73%
2019 0.27% 0.36%
2018 -0.22% 0.94%
2017 0.42% 0.53%
2016 1.73% -0.43%
2015 3.97% -1.14%
2014 3.59% -0.01%
2013 2.72% -0.22%
2012 5.1% -0.69%
2011 4.47% 0.23%
2010 3.55% 0.69%
2009 5.16% -0.48%
2008 8.4% 2.43%
2007 2.28% 0.73%
2006 3.3% 1.06%
2005 2.17% 1.17%
2004 2.74% 0.8%
2003 7.93% 0.64%
2002 12.5% 0.64%
2001 37.7% 0.99%
2000 96.1% 1.56%
1999 52.2% 0.81%
1998 36.1% 0.02%
1997 30.7% 0.52%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/switzerland | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Ecuador has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 11.4%, compared with 0.59% in Switzerland. In 2025, inflation was 0.71% in Ecuador and 0.15% in Switzerland.

Top exports between countries

Ecuador
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $625M
Raw agricultural goods $7.72M
Chemicals & pharma $3.62M
Textiles & consumer goods $470K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $119K
Machinery & equipment $68K
Metals $15K
Wood & paper products $14K
Miscellaneous $6K
Switzerland
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $106M
Machinery & equipment $21.6M
Precious metals & jewellery $8.29M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.16M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.26M
Miscellaneous $1.6M
Wood & paper products $1.25M
Metals $557K
Raw materials & minerals $291K
Raw agricultural goods $276K

Balance of trade

Ecuador Switzerland
Current account balance
$7.7B
2025
$72.9B
2025
Current account balance ranking
28/190
2025
11/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+5.91%
2025
+6.98%
2025
Goods imports
$31.1B
2025
$508B
2025
Goods exports
$37.4B
2025
$617B
2025
Service imports
$6.22B
2025
$214B
2025
Service exports
$4.14B
2025
$195B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
27.9%
2025
69.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
31.4%
2025
78.1%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Ecuador Switzerland
Economic freedom 55.6 83.7
Economic freedom ranking 127/197 2/197
Property rights 33.2 94.4
Government integrity 33 93.3
Judicial effectiveness 48.1 98.3
Tax burden 74.2 70.9
Government spending 54.9 69.5
Fiscal health 90.3 97.2
Business freedom 64.3 86.3
Labor freedom 56.9 60
Monetary freedom 76.3 82.3
Trade freedom 66.4 87
Investment freedom 30 85
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Ecuador
Switzerland
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Ecuador Switzerland
2026 55.6 83.7
2025 55.8 83.7
2024 55 83
2023 55 83.8
2022 54.3 84.2
2021 52.4 81.9
2020 51.3 82
2019 46.9 81.9
2018 48.5 81.7
2017 49.3 81.5
2016 48.6 81
2015 49.2 80.5
2014 48 81.6
2013 46.9 81
2012 48.3 81.1
2011 47.1 81.9
2010 49.3 81.1
2009 52.5 79.4
2008 55.2 79.5
2007 55.3 78
2006 54.6 78.9
2005 52.9 79.3
2004 54.4 79.5
2003 54.1 79
2002 53.1 79.3
2001 55.1 76
2000 59.8 76.8
1999 62.9 79.1
1998 62.8 79
1997 61 78.6
1996 60.1 76.8
1995 57.7 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/switzerland | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Ecuador is 55.6, ranking 127/197, compared to 83.7 for Switzerland, ranking 2/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Ecuador Switzerland
Services, % of GDP
57%
2025
71.7%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
25.7%
2025
25%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
9.7%
2025
0.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$126B
2025
$1T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$16,290
2025
$101,690
2025
Total reserves including gold
$9.8B
2025
$1.08T
2025
Total reserves ranking
79/177
2025
4/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.3B
2025
$37.6B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$446M
2024
-$108B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$0
2024
-$27.9B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7.05%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
21.4%
2025
15.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
20.9%
2025
29.5%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/switzerland | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.