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Economy of Morocco vs Switzerland compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Morocco has a GDP of $161B compared to $937B for Switzerland, ranking 58/197 and 20/197 by economy size, respectively.

Morocco has $109B in government debt (67.7% of GDP), compared to $351B (37.5% of GDP) in Switzerland.

Morocco vs Switzerland GDP by year

Morocco
Switzerland
1x
Year GDP, current $
Morocco Switzerland
2024 $160,610,994,055 $936,564,198,049
2023 $146,036,093,667 $894,424,821,645
2022 $131,245,312,804 $828,508,926,958
2021 $142,022,058,447 $815,309,330,987
2020 $121,353,645,057 $741,999,406,006
2019 $128,920,266,409 $721,369,112,727
2018 $127,341,147,582 $725,568,717,468
2017 $118,540,573,368 $695,200,833,086
2016 $111,572,947,005 $687,895,460,903
2015 $110,413,823,842 $694,118,186,380
2014 $119,130,841,412 $726,537,808,338
2013 $115,739,287,305 $706,234,937,371
2012 $106,937,392,311 $686,420,221,558
2011 $110,080,631,332 $715,888,126,682
2010 $100,865,329,473 $598,851,028,907
2009 $101,154,952,241 $554,212,916,092
2008 $101,822,906,949 $567,267,767,519
2007 $86,947,913,287 $490,740,715,595
2006 $75,883,823,301 $441,634,672,197
2005 $68,852,658,069 $418,284,865,885
2004 $66,114,145,451 $403,912,891,033
2003 $58,029,363,354 $362,075,086,508
2002 $47,077,192,188 $309,301,422,430
2001 $43,831,480,208 $286,582,672,434
2000 $43,017,455,402 $279,216,033,870
1999 $46,266,428,648 $297,873,643,323
1998 $46,497,608,725 $303,459,014,347
1997 $39,147,844,526 $294,788,198,856
1996 $43,161,571,528 $340,103,959,547
1995 $39,030,285,468 $352,835,806,342
1994 $35,604,137,423 $301,375,055,202
1993 $31,655,473,664 $272,237,527,071
1992 $33,711,069,431 $279,921,425,828
1991 $32,285,573,574 $268,901,693,863
1990 $30,179,954,775 $265,763,573,999
1989 $26,314,313,191 $208,105,846,934
1988 $25,705,296,184 $215,540,625,299
1987 $21,765,195,948 $199,236,370,038
1986 $19,462,085,540 $159,089,921,063
1985 $14,991,283,216 $110,980,314,192
1984 $14,824,667,954 $109,455,312,168
1983 $16,251,408,128 $114,634,358,535
1982 $17,692,276,734 $115,043,365,512
1981 $17,788,185,479 $112,244,805,519
1980 $21,728,516,153 $122,557,843,886
1979 $15,911,994,817 $114,970,094,425
1978 $13,236,946,234 $102,280,472,036
1977 $11,049,783,872 $73,135,771,167
1976 $9,584,297,284 $68,476,524,644
1975 $8,984,853,005 $65,466,081,819
1974 $7,675,466,449 $57,103,011,446
1973 $6,242,145,880 $49,550,006,320
1972 $5,074,117,545 $36,844,318,854
1971 $4,356,669,034 $30,040,171,751
1970 $3,956,336,244 $24,998,066,773
1969 $3,651,622,669 $22,442,043,274
1968 $3,271,422,333 $20,712,102,794
1967 $3,046,345,314 $19,397,044,714
1966 $2,876,401,297 $18,019,402,374
1965 $2,948,331,090 $16,780,226,225
1964 $2,798,345,299 $15,833,133,858
1963 $2,657,252,578 $14,283,872,299
1962 $2,379,611,125 $12,989,649,694
1961 $2,025,693,540 $11,713,348,834
1960 $2,037,154,742 $10,412,232,621

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/morocco/switzerland | CC BY

GDP per capita in Morocco vs Switzerland by year

Morocco
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Switzerland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Morocco Switzerland
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $4,218 $10,415 $103,998 $96,498
2023 $3,872 $9,895 $100,624 $95,142
2022 $3,516 $9,310 $94,395 $94,421
2021 $3,843 $8,623 $93,665 $81,001
2020 $3,317 $7,705 $85,898 $72,998
2019 $3,560 $8,046 $84,122 $73,732
2018 $3,553 $7,801 $85,217 $70,689
2017 $3,344 $8,115 $82,254 $68,194
2016 $3,186 $7,853 $82,153 $67,351
2015 $3,190 $7,799 $83,806 $65,265
2014 $3,483 $7,237 $88,725 $63,417
2013 $3,425 $7,542 $87,304 $61,656
2012 $3,206 $7,308 $85,836 $59,441
2011 $3,345 $7,274 $90,477 $57,494
2010 $3,107 $6,849 $76,531 $54,426
2009 $3,158 $6,629 $71,568 $52,999
2008 $3,222 $6,437 $74,175 $53,809
2007 $2,788 $6,058 $64,989 $50,928
2006 $2,466 $5,781 $59,011 $46,266
2005 $2,268 $5,275 $56,243 $41,525
2004 $2,207 $5,025 $54,659 $40,171
2003 $1,962 $4,741 $49,336 $38,732
2002 $1,612 $4,436 $42,459 $38,705
2001 $1,521 $4,269 $39,639 $37,819
2000 $1,513 $3,930 $38,865 $36,703
1999 $1,651 $3,801 $41,696 $34,743
1998 $1,683 $3,740 $42,681 $33,860
1997 $1,439 $3,502 $41,584 $32,736
1996 $1,610 $3,551 $48,093 $31,509
1995 $1,478 $3,152 $50,114 $30,842
1994 $1,369 $3,315 $43,092 $30,265
1993 $1,236 $2,979 $39,237 $29,495
1992 $1,337 $2,979 $40,714 $29,113
1991 $1,302 $3,025 $39,544 $28,792
1990 $1,238 $2,777 $39,575 $28,461
1989 $1,099 - $31,309 -
1988 $1,094 - $32,690 -
1987 $944 - $30,441 -
1986 $861 - $24,460 -
1985 $678 - $17,152 -
1984 $687 - $16,991 -
1983 $772 - $17,859 -
1982 $862 - $18,000 -
1981 $890 - $17,665 -
1980 $1,117 - $19,394 -
1979 $839 - $18,266 -
1978 $716 - $16,282 -
1977 $613 - $11,644 -
1976 $545 - $10,865 -
1975 $524 - $10,328 -
1974 $459 - $9,005 -
1973 $382 - $7,856 -
1972 $319 - $5,885 -
1971 $280.6 - $4,835 -
1970 $261.5 - $4,044 -
1969 $247.8 - $3,657 -
1968 $228 - $3,413 -
1967 $218.1 - $3,237 -
1966 $211.5 - $3,045 -
1965 $222.7 - $2,865 -
1964 $216.9 - $2,735 -
1963 $211.3 - $2,508 -
1962 $194.2 - $2,330 -
1961 $169.8 - $2,155 -
1960 $175.2 - $1,954 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/morocco/switzerland | CC BY

Morocco's GDP per capita is $4,218, ranking 127/197, compared to $103,998 in Switzerland, ranking 5/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Morocco ranks 132nd at $10,415, while Switzerland ranks 8th at $96,498.

Economic indicators

Morocco Switzerland
Gross domestic product
$161B
2024
$937B
2024
GDP rank
58/197
2024
20/197
2024
GDP growth
3.79%
2023-2024
1.3%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$4,218
2024
$103,998
2024
GDP per capita rank
127/197
2024
5/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$10,415
2024
$96,498
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
132/197
2024
8/197
2024
Government debt
$109B
2024
$351B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
67.7%
2024
37.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,857
2024
$39,021
2024
Government debt per person rank
104/185
2024
15/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,678
2026
$85,867
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$74.5B
2024
$1.97T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
1,119,000
2025
Number of billionaires
3
2025
42
2025
Income share by richest 10%
31.9%
2013
26.6%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.7%
2013
2.9%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
33%
2024
31.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
0.99%
2023-2024
1.06%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
0%
2025
Unemployment rate
11.8%
2022
4.34%
2024
Population
38871720
9107866

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Morocco
Spending

Debt
Switzerland
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Morocco Switzerland
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 33% 67.7% 31.9% 37.5%
2023 32% 68.7% 32.1% 38.7%
2022 33.7% 71.4% 31.6% 37.2%
2021 31% 69.4% 34.4% 41%
2020 34.1% 72.2% 37% 43.2%
2019 27.6% 60.3% 32% 39.6%
2018 27.8% 60.5% 31.7% 39.8%
2017 27.9% 60.3% 32.4% 41.8%
2016 28.6% 60.1% 32.4% 40.9%
2015 28.5% 58.4% 32.5% 42.2%
2014 30.7% 58.6% 32.2% 42.1%
2013 30.4% 57.1% 32.5% 41.9%
2012 32.5% 52.3% 31.7% 42.6%
2011 31.2% 48.6% 31.4% 41.9%
2010 28.7% 45.3% 31.4% 41.5%
2009 28.1% 42.6% 31.8% 43.1%
2008 28.3% 42% 30% 44.8%
2007 26.4% 47.1% 29.4% 44.8%
2006 26% 50.6% 30.5% 48.5%
2005 28.6% 54.8% 32.4% 54.9%
2004 24.5% 54.4% 33.1% 57.8%
2003 24.1% 56.9% 33.2% 56.9%
2002 25.8% 59.4% 34.1% 57.7%
2001 23.7% 60.4% 31.6% 51.1%
2000 22.8% 64.9% 32.2% 52.2%
1999 18.4% 63.4% 33.2% 52.7%
1998 18.7% 64.5% 32.7% 55.9%
1997 18.6% 68% 32.9% 53.7%
1996 17.6% 65.3% 33% 51.3%
1995 21.3% 72.2% 32.4% 50%
1994 21.7% 69.3% 32.5% 47.1%
1993 23.1% 74.7% 32.5% 44.4%
1992 22.3% 67% 31.3% 39.5%
1991 20.8% 59.1% 29.5% 35.1%
1990 22.6% 70.5% 27.6% 33.3%
1989 - - 30% 32.5%
1988 - - 30.3% 35%
1987 - - 29.8% 36.5%
1986 - - 29.8% 37.6%
1985 - - 30.1% 39.1%
1984 - - 30.4% 39.8%
1983 - - 31.2% 40.2%
1982 - - 30.5% 40%
1981 - - 29.4% 40.8%
1980 - - 29.9% 43.9%
1979 - - 30.5% 44.6%
1978 - - 30.4% 46.6%
1977 - - 31% 46.9%
1976 - - 31.6% 46.7%
1975 - - 29.3% 42.3%
1974 - - 27.5% 38.4%
1973 - - 26.5% 37%
1972 - - 25.7% 38%
1971 - - 25.4% 38.7%
1970 - - 25.8% 38.9%
1969 - - 9.45% 7.08%
1968 - - 8.87% 6.99%
1967 - - 8.68% 7.26%
1966 - - 8.95% 7.62%
1965 - - 8.33% 8.28%
1964 - - 8.85% 9.43%
1963 - - 8.2% 10.8%
1962 - - 8.1% 12%
1961 - - 7.97% 14%
1960 - - 7.11% 16.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/morocco/switzerland | CC BY

In 2024, Morocco's government spending was $53.1B, accounting for 33% of its GDP, while Switzerland spent $299B, or 31.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 67.7% in Morocco and 37.5% in Switzerland, ranking 60/185 and 141/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Morocco

Switzerland
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Morocco Switzerland
2024 -3.92% 0.58%
2023 -4.41% 0.12%
2022 -5.37% 1.19%
2021 -5.92% -0.29%
2020 -7.15% -3.01%
2019 -3.8% 1.34%
2018 -3.52% 1.29%
2017 -3.3% 1.13%
2016 -4.49% 0.24%
2015 -4.59% 0.55%
2014 -4.78% -0.25%
2013 -4.7% -0.43%
2012 -6.63% 0.24%
2011 -6.08% 0.68%
2010 -3.93% 0.35%
2009 -1.63% 0.5%
2008 0.63% 1.93%
2007 -0.12% 1.57%
2006 -1.8% 0.85%
2005 -5.46% -0.65%
2004 -3.31% -1.39%
2003 -3.74% -1.36%
2002 -4.37% -1.75%
2001 -3.79% 0.21%
2000 -1.97% 0.28%
1999 3.21% -1.57%
1998 1.47% -1.31%
1997 1.5% -2.33%
1996 0.87% -2.01%
1995 -2.54% -1.86%
1994 -2.51% -2.59%
1993 -2% -3.15%
1992 -1.84% -2.96%
1991 -0.9% -1.85%
1990 -1.32% -0.05%
1989 - 0.2%
1988 - 0.42%
1987 - 0.78%
1986 - 0.93%
1985 - -0.25%
1984 - -0.52%
1983 - -1.23%
1982 - -1.21%
1981 - -0.54%
1980 - -1.34%
1979 - -1.79%
1978 - -1.12%
1977 - -1.64%
1976 - -1.89%
1975 - -0.93%
1974 - -1.01%
1973 - -0.93%
1972 - -1.39%
1971 - -1.41%
1970 - -1.44%
1969 - -0.98%
1968 - -0.73%
1967 - -1.07%
1966 - -0.87%
1965 - 0.05%
1964 - 0.77%
1963 - 0.25%
1962 - 0.95%
1961 - 0.34%
1960 - 1.95%
1959 - 0.72%
1958 - 0.59%
1957 - 0.66%
1956 - 2.24%
1955 - 1.1%
1954 - 1.44%
1953 - 0.38%
1952 - -1.17%
1951 - -0.36%
1950 - 1.49%
1949 - 0.04%
1948 - 1.37%
1947 - 1.27%
1946 - 0.52%
1945 - -7.57%
1944 - -9.37%
1943 - -8.55%
1942 - -7.28%
1941 - -8.78%
1940 - -10%
1939 - -5.05%
1938 - -1.53%
1937 - -0.17%
1936 - -0.33%
1935 - -0.23%
1934 - -0.33%
1933 - -0.88%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.03%
1930 - 0.07%
1929 - 0.22%
1928 - -
1927 - -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -0.12%
1912 - 0.03%
1911 - -0.006%
1910 - -0.14%
1909 - -0.78%
1908 - -0.1%
1907 - -0.02%
1906 - 0.15%
1905 - 0.41%
1904 - 0.002%
1903 - 0.09%
1902 - 0.02%
1901 - -0.14%
1900 - -0.07%
1899 - 0.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/morocco/switzerland | CC BY

In 2024, Morocco's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $6.3B, equivalent to 3.92% of GDP. This compares to Switzerland's surplus of $5.4B, or 0.58% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Morocco recorded a fiscal deficit in 30 of those years, while Switzerland ran a deficit in 18 years. On average, Morocco posted an annual deficit equal to 2.92% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.45% of GDP for Switzerland.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Morocco

Switzerland
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Morocco Switzerland
2024 0.99% 1.06%
2023 6.09% 2.14%
2022 6.66% 2.84%
2021 1.4% 0.58%
2020 0.71% -0.73%
2019 0.3% 0.36%
2018 1.8% 0.94%
2017 0.75% 0.53%
2016 1.64% -0.43%
2015 1.56% -1.14%
2014 0.44% -0.01%
2013 1.88% -0.22%
2012 1.29% -0.69%
2011 0.91% 0.23%
2010 0.99% 0.69%
2009 0.97% -0.48%
2008 3.71% 2.43%
2007 2.04% 0.73%
2006 3.28% 1.06%
2005 0.98% 1.17%
2004 1.49% 0.8%
2003 1.17% 0.64%
2002 2.8% 0.64%
2001 0.62% 0.99%
2000 1.89% 1.56%
1999 0.68% 0.81%
1998 2.75% 0.02%
1997 1.04% 0.52%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/morocco/switzerland | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Morocco has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.82%, compared with 0.61% in Switzerland. In 2024, inflation was 0.99% in Morocco and 1.06% in Switzerland.

Top exports between countries

Morocco
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $86.4M
Machinery & equipment $76.1M
Raw agricultural goods $16.4M
Textiles & consumer goods $9.92M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $8.29M
Wood & paper products $6.52M
Raw materials & minerals $1.8M
Animal & marine products $247K
Chemicals & pharma $223K
Metals $214K
Switzerland
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $200M
Machinery & equipment $97M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $78.5M
Precious metals & jewellery $32.3M
Transport & tourism services $23.5M
Textiles & consumer goods $7.56M
Wood & paper products $6.43M
Raw agricultural goods $6.15M
Metals $5.6M
Raw materials & minerals $3.76M

Balance of trade

Morocco Switzerland
Current account balance
-$1.87B
2024
$72B
2024
Current account balance ranking
141/190
2024
10/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.16%
2024
+7.69%
2024
Goods imports
$66.5B
2024
$371B
2024
Goods exports
$39.3B
2024
$502B
2024
Service imports
$14.3B
2024
$203B
2024
Service exports
$28.2B
2024
$186B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
50.2%
2024
61.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
42%
2024
72.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Morocco Switzerland
Economic freedom 61.8 83.7
Economic freedom ranking 91/197 2/197
Property rights 55.2 94.4
Government integrity 35.6 93.3
Judicial effectiveness 32.5 98.3
Tax burden 65.5 70.9
Government spending 67.5 69.5
Fiscal health 57.5 97.2
Business freedom 72.1 86.3
Labor freedom 46.2 60
Monetary freedom 79.6 82.3
Trade freedom 69.8 87
Investment freedom 80 85
Financial freedom 80 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Morocco
Switzerland
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Morocco Switzerland
2026 61.8 83.7
2025 60.3 83.7
2024 56.8 83
2023 58.4 83.8
2022 59.2 84.2
2021 63.3 81.9
2020 63.3 82
2019 62.9 81.9
2018 61.9 81.7
2017 61.5 81.5
2016 61.3 81
2015 60.1 80.5
2014 58.3 81.6
2013 59.6 81
2012 60.2 81.1
2011 59.6 81.9
2010 59.2 81.1
2009 57.7 79.4
2008 55.6 79.5
2007 56.4 78
2006 51.5 78.9
2005 52.2 79.3
2004 56.7 79.5
2003 57.8 79
2002 59 79.3
2001 63.9 76
2000 63.2 76.8
1999 63.8 79.1
1998 61.1 79
1997 64.7 78.6
1996 64.3 76.8
1995 62.8 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/morocco/switzerland | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Morocco is 61.8, ranking 91/197, compared to 83.7 for Switzerland, ranking 2/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Morocco Switzerland
Services, % of GDP
52.7%
2024
72%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.6%
2024
24.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
10.6%
2024
0.63%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$149B
2024
$857B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$10,260
2024
$93,420
2024
Total reserves including gold
$37.1B
2024
$909B
2024
Total reserves ranking
52/177
2024
4/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$948M
2024
$59.7B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.64B
2024
-$108B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$691M
2024
-$27.9B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.63%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
3.9%
2022
15.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
27%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/morocco/switzerland | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2019–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.