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Economy of Pakistan vs Switzerland compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Pakistan has a GDP of $372B compared to $937B for Switzerland, ranking 43/197 and 20/197 by economy size, respectively.

Pakistan has $262B in government debt (70.4% of GDP), compared to $351B (37.5% of GDP) in Switzerland.

Pakistan vs Switzerland GDP by year

Pakistan
Switzerland
1x
Year GDP, current $
Pakistan Switzerland
2024 $371,570,000,121 $936,564,198,049
2023 $336,686,348,609 $894,424,821,645
2022 $374,890,295,667 $828,508,926,958
2021 $348,516,647,445 $815,309,330,987
2020 $300,425,609,818 $741,999,406,006
2019 $320,909,472,771 $721,369,112,727
2018 $356,128,166,705 $725,568,717,468
2017 $339,205,534,861 $695,200,833,086
2016 $313,630,000,130 $687,895,460,903
2015 $299,963,590,535 $694,118,186,380
2014 $271,390,474,858 $726,537,808,338
2013 $258,657,231,672 $706,234,937,371
2012 $250,106,966,105 $686,420,221,558
2011 $230,586,581,060 $715,888,126,682
2010 $196,709,621,850 $598,851,028,907
2009 $187,337,783,856 $554,212,916,092
2008 $202,203,748,584 $567,267,767,519
2007 $184,140,869,997 $490,740,715,595
2006 $161,871,385,506 $441,634,672,197
2005 $145,208,562,961 $418,284,865,885
2004 $132,216,048,339 $403,912,891,033
2003 $112,371,913,741 $362,075,086,508
2002 $97,923,302,809 $309,301,422,430
2001 $97,145,618,480 $286,582,672,434
2000 $99,484,802,345 $279,216,033,870
1999 $62,973,857,069 $297,873,643,323
1998 $62,191,955,814 $303,459,014,347
1997 $62,433,340,468 $294,788,198,856
1996 $63,320,170,084 $340,103,959,547
1995 $60,636,071,684 $352,835,806,342
1994 $52,293,470,813 $301,375,055,202
1993 $51,809,999,353 $272,237,527,071
1992 $48,884,671,947 $279,921,425,828
1991 $45,625,336,680 $268,901,693,863
1990 $40,010,423,970 $265,763,573,999
1989 $40,171,106,279 $208,105,846,934
1988 $38,472,742,808 $215,540,625,299
1987 $33,351,529,275 $199,236,370,038
1986 $31,899,070,056 $159,089,921,063
1985 $31,144,920,844 $110,980,314,192
1984 $31,151,825,467 $109,455,312,168
1983 $28,691,889,764 $114,634,358,535
1982 $30,725,971,564 $115,043,365,512
1981 $28,100,606,061 $112,244,805,519
1980 $23,654,444,444 $122,557,843,886
1979 $19,688,383,838 $114,970,094,425
1978 $17,811,515,152 $102,280,472,036
1977 $15,126,060,606 $73,135,771,167
1976 $13,168,080,808 $68,476,524,644
1975 $11,230,606,061 $65,466,081,819
1974 $8,899,191,919 $57,103,011,446
1973 $6,383,429,490 $49,550,006,320
1972 $9,415,016,360 $36,844,318,854
1971 $10,665,896,682 $30,040,171,751
1970 $10,027,509,450 $24,998,066,773
1969 $8,683,116,338 $22,442,043,274
1968 $8,041,999,160 $20,712,102,794
1967 $7,464,510,710 $19,397,044,714
1966 $6,561,108,778 $18,019,402,374
1965 $5,929,231,415 $16,780,226,225
1964 $5,204,955,901 $15,833,133,858
1963 $4,630,827,383 $14,283,872,299
1962 $4,310,163,797 $12,989,649,694
1961 $4,118,647,627 $11,713,348,834
1960 $3,749,265,015 $10,412,232,621

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/pakistan/switzerland | CC BY

GDP per capita in Pakistan vs Switzerland by year

Pakistan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Switzerland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Pakistan Switzerland
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $1,479 $6,252 $103,998 $96,498
2023 $1,360 $6,014 $100,624 $95,142
2022 $1,538 $5,920 $94,395 $94,421
2021 $1,455 $5,367 $93,665 $81,001
2020 $1,278 $5,048 $85,898 $72,998
2019 $1,390 $5,038 $84,122 $73,732
2018 $1,569 $4,979 $85,217 $70,689
2017 $1,519 $4,790 $82,254 $68,194
2016 $1,425 $4,631 $82,153 $67,351
2015 $1,380 $4,480 $83,806 $65,265
2014 $1,267 $4,313 $88,725 $63,417
2013 $1,225 $4,174 $87,304 $61,656
2012 $1,204 $4,047 $85,836 $59,441
2011 $1,132 $3,880 $90,477 $57,494
2010 $987 $3,786 $76,531 $54,426
2009 $964 $3,777 $71,568 $52,999
2008 $1,067 $3,721 $74,175 $53,809
2007 $998 $3,672 $64,989 $50,928
2006 $901 $3,515 $59,011 $46,266
2005 $828 $3,293 $56,243 $41,525
2004 $772 $3,048 $54,659 $40,171
2003 $672 $2,822 $49,336 $38,732
2002 $600 $2,688 $42,459 $38,705
2001 $610 $2,644 $39,639 $37,819
2000 $642 $2,565 $38,865 $36,703
1999 $418 $2,475 $41,696 $34,743
1998 $424 $2,419 $42,681 $33,860
1997 $438 $2,398 $41,584 $32,736
1996 $457 $2,401 $48,093 $31,509
1995 $451 $2,315 $50,114 $30,842
1994 $400 $2,224 $43,092 $30,265
1993 $408 $2,160 $39,237 $29,495
1992 $396 $2,132 $40,714 $29,113
1991 $380 $1,992 $39,544 $28,792
1990 $344 $1,895 $39,575 $28,461
1989 $358 - $31,309 -
1988 $354 - $32,690 -
1987 $317 - $30,441 -
1986 $314 - $24,460 -
1985 $317 - $17,152 -
1984 $327 - $16,991 -
1983 $311 - $17,859 -
1982 $345 - $18,000 -
1981 $328 - $17,665 -
1980 $287.4 - $19,394 -
1979 $249.2 - $18,266 -
1978 $233.4 - $16,282 -
1977 $204.7 - $11,644 -
1976 $183.9 - $10,865 -
1975 $161.7 - $10,328 -
1974 $132 - $9,005 -
1973 $97.5 - $7,856 -
1972 $148.1 - $5,885 -
1971 $172.5 - $4,835 -
1970 $166.7 - $4,044 -
1969 $148.5 - $3,657 -
1968 $141.6 - $3,413 -
1967 $135.2 - $3,237 -
1966 $122.2 - $3,045 -
1965 $113.6 - $2,865 -
1964 $102.5 - $2,735 -
1963 $93.7 - $2,508 -
1962 $89.5 - $2,330 -
1961 $87.8 - $2,155 -
1960 $82 - $1,954 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/pakistan/switzerland | CC BY

Pakistan's GDP per capita is $1,479, ranking 163/197, compared to $103,998 in Switzerland, ranking 5/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Pakistan ranks 150th at $6,252, while Switzerland ranks 8th at $96,498.

Economic indicators

Pakistan Switzerland
Gross domestic product
$372B
2024
$937B
2024
GDP rank
43/197
2024
20/197
2024
GDP growth
3.05%
2023-2024
1.3%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$1,479
2024
$103,998
2024
GDP per capita rank
163/197
2024
5/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$6,252
2024
$96,498
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
150/197
2024
8/197
2024
Government debt
$262B
2024
$351B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
70.4%
2024
37.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$1,041
2024
$39,021
2024
Government debt per person rank
140/185
2024
15/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,668
2026
$85,867
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$52.1B
2024
$1.97T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
1,119,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
42
2025
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2018
26.6%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
4.2%
2018
2.9%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
19.5%
2024
31.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
12.6%
2023-2024
1.06%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
10.5%
2025
0%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.96%
2025
4.34%
2024
Population
260356147
9107866

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Pakistan
Spending

Debt
Switzerland
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Pakistan Switzerland
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 19.5% 70.4% 31.9% 37.5%
2023 19.3% 78.5% 32.1% 38.7%
2022 20% 77.3% 31.6% 37.2%
2021 18.5% 74.7% 34.4% 41%
2020 20.3% 80.8% 37% 43.2%
2019 19.1% 78.7% 32% 39.6%
2018 19.1% 66.3% 31.7% 39.8%
2017 19.1% 62.1% 32.4% 41.8%
2016 17.7% 62.1% 32.4% 40.9%
2015 17.8% 59.1% 32.5% 42.2%
2014 18.1% 58.8% 32.2% 42.1%
2013 19.5% 59.2% 32.5% 41.9%
2012 19.4% 58.4% 31.7% 42.6%
2011 17.9% 56.2% 31.4% 41.9%
2010 18.3% 56.7% 31.4% 41.5%
2009 17.3% 54.6% 31.8% 43.1%
2008 18% 49.5% 30% 44.8%
2007 16.1% 44.2% 29.4% 44.8%
2006 14.5% 46.2% 30.5% 48.5%
2005 13% 47.9% 32.4% 54.9%
2004 12.1% 50.6% 33.1% 57.8%
2003 12.9% 56.3% 33.2% 56.9%
2002 14.4% 60.5% 34.1% 57.7%
2001 12.9% 65.1% 31.6% 51.1%
2000 13.8% 61.7% 32.2% 52.2%
1999 13.2% 60.7% 33.2% 52.7%
1998 14.1% 53.8% 32.7% 55.9%
1997 13.7% 52.8% 32.9% 53.7%
1996 15% 52.5% 33% 51.3%
1995 14% 52.3% 32.4% 50%
1994 14.5% 58.5% 32.5% 47.1%
1993 17% 57.9% 32.5% 44.4%
1992 22.6% 53.3% 31.3% 39.5%
1991 21.4% 55.8% 29.5% 35.1%
1990 23.9% 48.3% 27.6% 33.3%
1989 26.1% 46.6% 30% 32.5%
1988 27.9% 45% 30.3% 35%
1987 29.5% 44.4% 29.8% 36.5%
1986 27.6% 43.1% 29.8% 37.6%
1985 28.3% 37% 30.1% 39.1%
1984 25.4% 33.4% 30.4% 39.8%
1983 24.8% 33.6% 31.2% 40.2%
1982 24.5% 33.8% 30.5% 40%
1981 21.6% 29.7% 29.4% 40.8%
1980 22% 33.3% 29.9% 43.9%
1979 25.3% 36.8% 30.5% 44.6%
1978 25.5% 36.1% 30.4% 46.6%
1977 20.4% 36.4% 31% 46.9%
1976 21% 35.8% 31.6% 46.7%
1975 20.4% 32.1% 29.3% 42.3%
1974 15.3% 38% 27.5% 38.4%
1973 13.9% 43.4% 26.5% 37%
1972 13.5% 88.7% 25.7% 38%
1971 22.1% 33.2% 25.4% 38.7%
1970 23.6% 31.6% 25.8% 38.9%
1969 15.6% 29.1% 9.45% 7.08%
1968 13.7% 27.5% 8.87% 6.99%
1967 12.9% 25.9% 8.68% 7.26%
1966 12.2% 25.1% 8.95% 7.62%
1965 11.2% 22.7% 8.33% 8.28%
1964 12.1% 21.3% 8.85% 9.43%
1963 14.7% 19.2% 8.2% 10.8%
1962 11.8% 16.6% 8.1% 12%
1961 10.6% 19.6% 7.97% 14%
1960 10% 19.5% 7.11% 16.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1993, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/pakistan/switzerland | CC BY

In 2024, Pakistan's government spending was $72.4B, accounting for 19.5% of its GDP, while Switzerland spent $299B, or 31.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 70.4% in Pakistan and 37.5% in Switzerland, ranking 56/185 and 141/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Pakistan

Switzerland
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Pakistan Switzerland
2024 -6.81% 0.58%
2023 -7.76% 0.12%
2022 -7.84% 1.19%
2021 -6.04% -0.29%
2020 -7.03% -3.01%
2019 -7.79% 1.34%
2018 -5.67% 1.29%
2017 -5.17% 1.13%
2016 -3.92% 0.24%
2015 -4.74% 0.55%
2014 -4.37% -0.25%
2013 -7.48% -0.43%
2012 -7.74% 0.24%
2011 -6.23% 0.68%
2010 -5.42% 0.35%
2009 -4.53% 0.5%
2008 -5.94% 1.93%
2007 -4.23% 1.57%
2006 -2.79% 0.85%
2005 -2.29% -0.65%
2004 -1.29% -1.39%
2003 -0.12% -1.36%
2002 -2.64% -1.75%
2001 -2.45% 0.21%
2000 -3.21% 0.28%
1999 -3.07% -1.57%
1998 -4.46% -1.31%
1997 -3.87% -2.33%
1996 -4.33% -2.01%
1995 -3.9% -1.86%
1994 -3.63% -2.59%
1993 -5.53% -3.15%
1992 -11.3% -2.96%
1991 -10.8% -1.85%
1990 -11.9% -0.05%
1989 -7.01% 0.2%
1988 -9.35% 0.42%
1987 -11.7% 0.78%
1986 -9.79% 0.93%
1985 -10.6% -0.25%
1984 -8.9% -0.52%
1983 -7.55% -1.23%
1982 -8.24% -1.21%
1981 -5.83% -0.54%
1980 -5.32% -1.34%
1979 -11.6% -1.79%
1978 -12.4% -1.12%
1977 -8.74% -1.64%
1976 -9.05% -1.89%
1975 -8.97% -0.93%
1974 -4.45% -1.01%
1973 -3.99% -0.93%
1972 -3.16% -1.39%
1971 -7.45% -1.41%
1970 -10.8% -1.44%
1969 -7.08% -0.98%
1968 -5.56% -0.73%
1967 -4.27% -1.07%
1966 -4.48% -0.87%
1965 -3.28% 0.05%
1964 -4.89% 0.77%
1963 -6.55% 0.25%
1962 -3.39% 0.95%
1961 -4.6% 0.34%
1960 -3.83% 1.95%
1959 -3.71% 0.72%
1958 -4.2% 0.59%
1957 -2.21% 0.66%
1956 -2.36% 2.24%
1955 -2% 1.1%
1954 -3.18% 1.44%
1953 -2.66% 0.38%
1952 -0.73% -1.17%
1951 0.63% -0.36%
1950 -1.24% 1.49%
1949 - 0.04%
1948 - 1.37%
1947 - 1.27%
1946 - 0.52%
1945 - -7.57%
1944 - -9.37%
1943 - -8.55%
1942 - -7.28%
1941 - -8.78%
1940 - -10%
1939 - -5.05%
1938 - -1.53%
1937 - -0.17%
1936 - -0.33%
1935 - -0.23%
1934 - -0.33%
1933 - -0.88%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.03%
1930 - 0.07%
1929 - 0.22%
1928 - -
1927 - -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -0.12%
1912 - 0.03%
1911 - -0.006%
1910 - -0.14%
1909 - -0.78%
1908 - -0.1%
1907 - -0.02%
1906 - 0.15%
1905 - 0.41%
1904 - 0.002%
1903 - 0.09%
1902 - 0.02%
1901 - -0.14%
1900 - -0.07%
1899 - 0.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/pakistan/switzerland | CC BY

In 2024, Pakistan's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $25.3B, equivalent to 6.81% of GDP. This compares to Switzerland's surplus of $5.4B, or 0.58% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Pakistan recorded a fiscal deficit in 65 of those years, while Switzerland ran a deficit in 38 years. On average, Pakistan posted an annual deficit equal to 6.14% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.48% of GDP for Switzerland.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Pakistan

Switzerland
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Pakistan Switzerland
2024 12.6% 1.06%
2023 30.8% 2.14%
2022 19.9% 2.84%
2021 9.5% 0.58%
2020 9.74% -0.73%
2019 10.6% 0.36%
2018 5.08% 0.94%
2017 4.09% 0.53%
2016 3.77% -0.43%
2015 2.53% -1.14%
2014 7.19% -0.01%
2013 7.69% -0.22%
2012 9.68% -0.69%
2011 11.9% 0.23%
2010 12.9% 0.69%
2009 13.6% -0.48%
2008 20.3% 2.43%
2007 7.6% 0.73%
2006 7.92% 1.06%
2005 9.06% 1.17%
2004 7.44% 0.8%
2003 2.91% 0.64%
2002 3.29% 0.64%
2001 3.15% 0.99%
2000 4.37% 1.56%
1999 4.14% 0.81%
1998 6.23% 0.02%
1997 11.4% 0.52%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/pakistan/switzerland | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Pakistan has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 9.26%, compared with 0.61% in Switzerland. In 2024, inflation was 12.6% in Pakistan and 1.06% in Switzerland.

Top exports between countries

Pakistan
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $8.52M
Machinery & equipment $4.35M
Raw agricultural goods $1.28M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $122K
Raw materials & minerals $91K
Chemicals & pharma $90K
Precious metals & jewellery $67K
Metals $13K
Miscellaneous $5K
Wood & paper products $3K
Switzerland
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $133M
Machinery & equipment $57.5M
Precious metals & jewellery $23M
Metals $4.59M
Weapons & explosives $3.61M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.11M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.36M
Raw materials & minerals $438K
Miscellaneous $314K
Wood & paper products $260K

Balance of trade

Pakistan Switzerland
Current account balance
$496M
2024
$72B
2024
Current account balance ranking
63/190
2024
10/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.13%
2024
+7.69%
2024
Goods imports
$55.6B
2024
$371B
2024
Goods exports
$32.1B
2024
$502B
2024
Service imports
$11.2B
2024
$203B
2024
Service exports
$8.1B
2024
$186B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.2%
2024
61.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
10.4%
2024
72.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Pakistan Switzerland
Economic freedom 48.9 83.7
Economic freedom ranking 168/197 2/197
Property rights 25.7 94.4
Government integrity 26.3 93.3
Judicial effectiveness 27.6 98.3
Tax burden 78.2 70.9
Government spending 88.5 69.5
Fiscal health 10.1 97.2
Business freedom 54.4 86.3
Labor freedom 51.7 60
Monetary freedom 54.1 82.3
Trade freedom 70.4 87
Investment freedom 60 85
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Pakistan
Switzerland
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Pakistan Switzerland
2026 48.9 83.7
2025 49.1 83.7
2024 49.5 83
2023 49.4 83.8
2022 48.8 84.2
2021 51.7 81.9
2020 54.8 82
2019 55 81.9
2018 54.4 81.7
2017 52.8 81.5
2016 55.9 81
2015 55.6 80.5
2014 55.2 81.6
2013 55.1 81
2012 54.7 81.1
2011 55.1 81.9
2010 55.2 81.1
2009 57 79.4
2008 55.6 79.5
2007 57.2 78
2006 57.9 78.9
2005 53.3 79.3
2004 54.9 79.5
2003 55 79
2002 55.8 79.3
2001 56 76
2000 56.4 76.8
1999 53 79.1
1998 53.2 79
1997 56 78.6
1996 58.4 76.8
1995 57.6 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/pakistan/switzerland | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Pakistan is 48.9, ranking 168/197, compared to 83.7 for Switzerland, ranking 2/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Pakistan Switzerland
Services, % of GDP
50.7%
2024
72%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.2%
2024
24.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
23.7%
2024
0.63%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$358B
2024
$857B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$6,100
2024
$93,420
2024
Total reserves including gold
$18.4B
2024
$909B
2024
Total reserves ranking
63/177
2024
4/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$2.58B
2024
$59.7B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$2.66B
2024
-$108B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$84M
2024
-$27.9B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
4.5%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
21.9%
2018
15.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
13.2%
2024
27%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/pakistan/switzerland | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1993, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.