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Economy of Switzerland vs Thailand compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Switzerland has a GDP of $937B compared to $527B for Thailand, ranking 20/197 and 31/197 by economy size, respectively.

Switzerland has $351B in government debt (37.5% of GDP), compared to $333B (63.2% of GDP) in Thailand.

Switzerland vs Thailand GDP by year

Switzerland
Thailand
1x
Year GDP, current $
Switzerland Thailand
2024 $936,564,198,049 $526,517,658,842
2023 $894,424,821,645 $515,906,283,941
2022 $828,508,926,958 $495,644,697,588
2021 $815,309,330,987 $506,194,668,790
2020 $741,999,406,006 $500,461,898,480
2019 $721,369,112,727 $543,976,691,794
2018 $725,568,717,468 $506,754,208,404
2017 $695,200,833,086 $456,356,813,537
2016 $687,895,460,903 $413,366,349,748
2015 $694,118,186,380 $401,296,238,228
2014 $726,537,808,338 $407,339,040,198
2013 $706,234,937,371 $420,333,654,593
2012 $686,420,221,558 $397,558,325,279
2011 $715,888,126,682 $370,818,739,624
2010 $598,851,028,907 $341,104,766,329
2009 $554,212,916,092 $281,710,630,187
2008 $567,267,767,519 $291,382,982,431
2007 $490,740,715,595 $262,942,621,455
2006 $441,634,672,197 $221,758,296,022
2005 $418,284,865,885 $189,318,408,469
2004 $403,912,891,033 $172,895,685,155
2003 $362,075,086,508 $152,280,615,246
2002 $309,301,422,430 $134,300,904,400
2001 $286,582,672,434 $120,296,476,180
2000 $279,216,033,870 $126,392,224,254
1999 $297,873,643,323 $126,669,211,779
1998 $303,459,014,347 $113,675,596,788
1997 $294,788,198,856 $150,180,456,566
1996 $340,103,959,547 $183,035,237,429
1995 $352,835,806,342 $169,278,916,593
1994 $301,375,055,202 $146,683,778,959
1993 $272,237,527,071 $128,889,262,951
1992 $279,921,425,828 $111,452,746,518
1991 $268,901,693,863 $98,234,714,971
1990 $265,763,573,999 $85,343,190,719
1989 $208,105,846,934 $72,250,748,100
1988 $215,540,625,299 $61,667,253,471
1987 $199,236,370,038 $50,535,446,555
1986 $159,089,921,063 $43,096,773,981
1985 $110,980,314,192 $38,900,711,333
1984 $109,455,312,168 $41,797,647,776
1983 $114,634,358,535 $40,042,798,388
1982 $115,043,365,512 $36,589,772,404
1981 $112,244,805,519 $34,846,039,194
1980 $122,557,843,886 $32,353,514,989
1979 $114,970,094,425 $27,371,650,825
1978 $102,280,472,036 $24,006,566,637
1977 $73,135,771,167 $19,779,312,261
1976 $68,476,524,644 $16,985,208,648
1975 $65,466,081,819 $14,882,770,594
1974 $57,103,011,446 $13,702,998,512
1973 $49,550,006,320 $10,838,587,358
1972 $36,844,318,854 $8,177,873,151
1971 $30,040,171,751 $7,375,000,024
1970 $24,998,066,773 $7,086,538,438
1969 $22,442,043,274 $6,695,336,567
1968 $20,712,102,794 $6,081,009,428
1967 $19,397,044,714 $5,638,461,442
1966 $18,019,402,374 $5,279,230,817
1965 $16,780,226,225 $4,388,937,649
1964 $15,833,133,858 $3,889,129,942
1963 $14,283,872,299 $3,540,403,457
1962 $12,989,649,694 $3,308,912,797
1961 $11,713,348,834 $3,034,037,811
1960 $10,412,232,621 $2,760,750,861

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/switzerland/thailand | CC BY

GDP per capita in Switzerland vs Thailand by year

Switzerland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Thailand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Switzerland Thailand
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $103,998 $96,498 $7,347 $24,712
2023 $100,624 $95,142 $7,195 $23,519
2022 $94,395 $94,421 $6,909 $22,243
2021 $93,665 $81,001 $7,057 $20,243
2020 $85,898 $72,998 $6,986 $19,164
2019 $84,122 $73,732 $7,606 $19,963
2018 $85,217 $70,689 $7,100 $18,876
2017 $82,254 $68,194 $6,413 $17,573
2016 $82,153 $67,351 $5,834 $16,671
2015 $83,806 $65,265 $5,689 $15,791
2014 $88,725 $63,417 $5,801 $15,365
2013 $87,304 $61,656 $6,018 $15,216
2012 $85,836 $59,441 $5,726 $14,617
2011 $90,477 $57,494 $5,374 $13,227
2010 $76,531 $54,426 $4,974 $12,932
2009 $71,568 $52,999 $4,135 $11,964
2008 $74,175 $53,809 $4,309 $12,062
2007 $64,989 $50,928 $3,919 $11,723
2006 $59,011 $46,266 $3,331 $10,912
2005 $56,243 $41,525 $2,868 $10,169
2004 $54,659 $40,171 $2,642 $9,545
2003 $49,336 $38,732 $2,348 $8,824
2002 $42,459 $38,705 $2,090 $8,148
2001 $39,639 $37,819 $1,890 $7,632
2000 $38,865 $36,703 $2,006 $7,289
1999 $41,696 $34,743 $2,033 $6,901
1998 $42,681 $33,860 $1,848 $6,590
1997 $41,584 $32,736 $2,473 $7,148
1996 $48,093 $31,509 $3,055 $7,322
1995 $50,114 $30,842 $2,864 $6,901
1994 $43,092 $30,265 $2,518 $6,341
1993 $39,237 $29,495 $2,245 $5,834
1992 $40,714 $29,113 $1,972 $5,347
1991 $39,544 $28,792 $1,766 $4,914
1990 $39,575 $28,461 $1,559 $4,451
1989 $31,309 - $1,342 -
1988 $32,690 - $1,164 -
1987 $30,441 - $970 -
1986 $24,460 - $842 -
1985 $17,152 - $774 -
1984 $16,991 - $847 -
1983 $17,859 - $827 -
1982 $18,000 - $770 -
1981 $17,665 - $748 -
1980 $19,394 - $709 -
1979 $18,266 - $612 -
1978 $16,282 - $548 -
1977 $11,644 - $462 -
1976 $10,865 - $405 -
1975 $10,328 - $364 -
1974 $9,005 - $343 -
1973 $7,856 - $278.3 -
1972 $5,885 - $215.6 -
1971 $4,835 - $199.7 -
1970 $4,044 - $197.1 -
1969 $3,657 - $191.4 -
1968 $3,413 - $178.8 -
1967 $3,237 - $170.7 -
1966 $3,045 - $164.5 -
1965 $2,865 - $140.9 -
1964 $2,735 - $128.6 -
1963 $2,508 - $120.7 -
1962 $2,330 - $116.2 -
1961 $2,155 - $109.7 -
1960 $1,954 - $102.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/switzerland/thailand | CC BY

Switzerland's GDP per capita is $103,998, ranking 5/197, compared to $7,347 in Thailand, ranking 100/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Switzerland ranks 8th at $96,498, while Thailand ranks 85th at $24,712.

Economic indicators

Switzerland Thailand
Gross domestic product
$937B
2024
$527B
2024
GDP rank
20/197
2024
31/197
2024
GDP growth
1.3%
2023-2024
2.54%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$103,998
2024
$7,347
2024
GDP per capita rank
5/197
2024
100/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$96,498
2024
$24,712
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
8/197
2024
85/197
2024
Government debt
$351B
2024
$333B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
37.5%
2024
63.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$39,021
2024
$4,643
2024
Government debt per person rank
15/185
2024
84/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$85,867
2026
$6,733
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$1.97T
2024
$520B
2024
Number of millionaires
1,119,000
2025
100,001
2025
Number of billionaires
42
2025
25
2025
Income share by richest 10%
26.6%
2022
26.1%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2022
3.4%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
31.9%
2024
22.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
1.06%
2023-2024
1.37%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
0%
2025
1.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
4.34%
2024
0.78%
2024
Population
9107866
71571743

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Switzerland
Spending

Debt
Thailand
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Switzerland Thailand
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 31.9% 37.5% 22.7% 63.2%
2023 32.1% 38.7% 22.8% 62.3%
2022 31.6% 37.2% 24.7% 60.5%
2021 34.4% 41% 26.8% 58.3%
2020 37% 43.2% 24.9% 49.4%
2019 32% 39.6% 20.6% 41.1%
2018 31.7% 39.8% 21.2% 41.9%
2017 32.4% 41.8% 21.5% 41.8%
2016 32.4% 40.9% 21.4% 41.7%
2015 32.5% 42.2% 22.3% 42.6%
2014 32.2% 42.1% 22.2% 43.3%
2013 32.5% 41.9% 21.6% 42.2%
2012 31.7% 42.6% 22.3% 41.9%
2011 31.4% 41.9% 21.1% 39.1%
2010 31.4% 41.5% 22% 39.8%
2009 31.8% 43.1% 21.7% 42.4%
2008 30% 44.8% 19.2% 34.9%
2007 29.4% 44.8% 20% 36%
2006 30.5% 48.5% 18.7% 39.2%
2005 32.4% 54.9% 19.6% 45.5%
2004 33.1% 57.8% 19.3% 46.3%
2003 33.2% 56.9% 18.3% 47.5%
2002 34.1% 57.7% 25.7% 54.9%
2001 31.6% 51.1% 20.8% 57.5%
2000 32.2% 52.2% 19.3% 57.8%
1999 33.2% 52.7% 26.5% 56.6%
1998 32.7% 55.9% 23.9% 49.9%
1997 32.9% 53.7% 21.6% 40.5%
1996 33% 51.3% 18% 15.2%
1995 32.4% 50% 17.2% 5.12%
1994 32.5% 47.1% 16% 6.69%
1993 32.5% 44.4% 18.8% 9.14%
1992 31.3% 39.5% 17.8% 11.4%
1991 29.5% 35.1% 17% 14.1%
1990 27.6% 33.3% 16.6% 18%
1989 30% 32.5% 16.5% 23.7%
1988 30.3% 35% 15.1% 30.3%
1987 29.8% 36.5% 17.5% 38.8%
1986 29.8% 37.6% 19.5% 40.1%
1985 30.1% 39.1% 20.5% 36.8%
1984 30.4% 39.8% 19.3% 30.6%
1983 31.2% 40.2% 19.5% 28.9%
1982 30.5% 40% 20.2% 27.1%
1981 29.4% 40.8% 19.1% 24.4%
1980 29.9% 43.9% 18.7% 22.1%
1979 30.5% 44.6% 16.9% 23.7%
1978 30.4% 46.6% 16.6% 22.8%
1977 31% 46.9% 16.1% 22.4%
1976 31.6% 46.7% 15.6% 22%
1975 29.3% 42.3% 14.2% 15.8%
1974 27.5% 38.4% 13.2% 16.3%
1973 26.5% 37% 15.9% 21.2%
1972 25.7% 38% 18.5% 26.8%
1971 25.4% 38.7% 18.8% 21.5%
1970 25.8% 38.9% 17.6% 18.5%
1969 9.45% 7.08% 15.9% 17.7%
1968 8.87% 6.99% 16% 15.5%
1967 8.68% 7.26% 15.5% 15%
1966 8.95% 7.62% 14.7% 14.4%
1965 8.33% 8.28% 14.7% 14.8%
1964 8.85% 9.43% 13.3% 13.3%
1963 8.2% 10.8% 12% 12.6%
1962 8.1% 12% 11.9% 13.4%
1961 7.97% 14% 9.58% 12.9%
1960 7.11% 16.2% 12.1% 14.3%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1995, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/switzerland/thailand | CC BY

In 2024, Switzerland's government spending was $299B, accounting for 31.9% of its GDP, while Thailand spent $120B, or 22.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 37.5% in Switzerland and 63.2% in Thailand, ranking 141/185 and 74/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Switzerland

Thailand
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Switzerland Thailand
2024 0.58% -1.29%
2023 0.12% -1.98%
2022 1.19% -4.61%
2021 -0.29% -6.74%
2020 -3.01% -4.47%
2019 1.34% 0.43%
2018 1.29% 0.2%
2017 1.13% -0.42%
2016 0.24% 0.41%
2015 0.55% 0.19%
2014 -0.25% -0.7%
2013 -0.43% 0.6%
2012 0.24% -0.86%
2011 0.68% 0.09%
2010 0.35% -1.07%
2009 0.5% -2.21%
2008 1.93% 0.8%
2007 1.57% 0.22%
2006 0.85% 1.87%
2005 -0.65% 2.17%
2004 -1.39% 1.11%
2003 -1.36% 1.98%
2002 -1.75% -6.72%
2001 0.21% -1.77%
2000 0.28% -1.79%
1999 -1.57% -9.02%
1998 -1.31% -6.29%
1997 -2.33% -1.68%
1996 -2.01% 2.75%
1995 -1.86% 3.05%
1994 -2.59% 2.78%
1993 -3.15% 6.67%
1992 -2.96% -0.18%
1991 -1.85% 1.6%
1990 -0.05% 1.41%
1989 0.2% 0.16%
1988 0.42% 0.58%
1987 0.78% -2.38%
1986 0.93% -4.32%
1985 -0.25% -5.11%
1984 -0.52% -3.85%
1983 -1.23% -4.02%
1982 -1.21% -6.18%
1981 -0.54% -4.07%
1980 -1.34% -4.41%
1979 -1.79% -3.62%
1978 -1.12% -3.31%
1977 -1.64% -2.91%
1976 -1.89% -3.35%
1975 -0.93% -1.73%
1974 -1.01% 1.29%
1973 -0.93% -2.7%
1972 -1.39% -4.81%
1971 -1.41% -5.47%
1970 -1.44% -3.73%
1969 -0.98% -2.53%
1968 -0.73% -2.79%
1967 -1.07% -2.1%
1966 -0.87% -1.13%
1965 0.05% -1.05%
1964 0.77% -1.01%
1963 0.25% -0.81%
1962 0.95% -0.27%
1961 0.34% 0.05%
1960 1.95% 0.48%
1959 0.72% -1.15%
1958 0.59% -0.91%
1957 0.66% -1.31%
1956 2.24% -1.38%
1955 1.1% -1.65%
1954 1.44% -3.46%
1953 0.38% -3.56%
1952 -1.17% -2.4%
1951 -0.36% -3.54%
1950 1.49% -0.7%
1949 0.04% 0.7%
1948 1.37% -0.1%
1947 1.27% -
1946 0.52% -
1945 -7.57% -
1944 -9.37% -
1943 -8.55% -
1942 -7.28% -
1941 -8.78% -
1940 -10% -
1939 -5.05% -
1938 -1.53% -
1937 -0.17% -
1936 -0.33% -
1935 -0.23% -
1934 -0.33% -
1933 -0.88% -
1932 -0.3% -
1931 0.03% -
1930 0.07% -
1929 0.22% -
1928 - -
1927 - -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -0.12% -
1912 0.03% -
1911 -0.006% -
1910 -0.14% -
1909 -0.78% -
1908 -0.1% -
1907 -0.02% -
1906 0.15% -
1905 0.41% -
1904 0.002% -
1903 0.09% -
1902 0.02% -
1901 -0.14% -
1900 -0.07% -
1899 0.1% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1994, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/switzerland/thailand | CC BY

In 2024, Switzerland's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $5.4B, equivalent to 0.58% of GDP. This compares to Thailand's deficit of $6.81B, or 1.29% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Switzerland recorded a fiscal deficit in 38 of those years, while Thailand ran a deficit in 42 years. On average, Switzerland posted an annual deficit equal to 0.48% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.52% of GDP for Thailand.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Switzerland

Thailand
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Switzerland Thailand
2024 1.06% 1.37%
2023 2.14% 8.48%
2022 2.84% -1.61%
2021 0.58% 1.23%
2020 -0.73% -0.85%
2019 0.36% 0.71%
2018 0.94% 1.06%
2017 0.53% 0.67%
2016 -0.43% 0.19%
2015 -1.14% -0.9%
2014 -0.01% 1.9%
2013 -0.22% 2.18%
2012 -0.69% 3.01%
2011 0.23% 3.81%
2010 0.69% 3.25%
2009 -0.48% -0.85%
2008 2.43% 5.47%
2007 0.73% 2.24%
2006 1.06% 4.64%
2005 1.17% 4.54%
2004 0.8% 2.76%
2003 0.64% 1.8%
2002 0.64% 0.7%
2001 0.99% 1.63%
2000 1.56% 1.59%
1999 0.81% 0.28%
1998 0.02% 7.99%
1997 0.52% 5.63%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/switzerland/thailand | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Switzerland has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 0.61%, compared with 2.25% in Thailand. In 2024, inflation was 1.06% in Switzerland and 1.37% in Thailand.

Top exports between countries

Switzerland
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $4.26B
Machinery & equipment $338M
Chemicals & pharma $314M
Transport & tourism services $114M
Raw materials & minerals $29.3M
Textiles & consumer goods $27.7M
Metals $20.6M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $15.5M
Animal & marine products $6.98M
Raw agricultural goods $4.94M
Thailand
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $3.48B
Machinery & equipment $138M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $73.6M
Textiles & consumer goods $68.7M
Chemicals & pharma $52.2M
Raw agricultural goods $25.1M
Metals $9.85M
Wood & paper products $8.41M
Raw materials & minerals $3.58M
Miscellaneous $2.47M

Balance of trade

Switzerland Thailand
Current account balance
$72B
2024
$11.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
10/190
2024
23/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+7.69%
2024
+2.21%
2024
Goods imports
$371B
2024
$276B
2024
Goods exports
$502B
2024
$297B
2024
Service imports
$203B
2024
$74B
2024
Service exports
$186B
2024
$71.9B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
61.9%
2024
66.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
72.2%
2024
70%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Switzerland Thailand
Economic freedom 83.7 62.2
Economic freedom ranking 2/197 88/197
Property rights 94.4 41.8
Government integrity 93.3 38.9
Judicial effectiveness 98.3 35
Tax burden 70.9 80.8
Government spending 69.5 83.6
Fiscal health 97.2 81
Business freedom 86.3 69.9
Labor freedom 60 56.4
Monetary freedom 82.3 73.3
Trade freedom 87 70.2
Investment freedom 85 55
Financial freedom 80 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Switzerland
Thailand
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Switzerland Thailand
2026 83.7 62.2
2025 83.7 60.6
2024 83 59
2023 83.8 60.6
2022 84.2 63.2
2021 81.9 69.7
2020 82 69.4
2019 81.9 68.3
2018 81.7 67.1
2017 81.5 66.2
2016 81 63.9
2015 80.5 62.4
2014 81.6 63.3
2013 81 64.1
2012 81.1 64.9
2011 81.9 64.7
2010 81.1 64.1
2009 79.4 63
2008 79.5 62.3
2007 78 63.5
2006 78.9 63.3
2005 79.3 62.5
2004 79.5 63.7
2003 79 65.8
2002 79.3 69.1
2001 76 68.9
2000 76.8 66.6
1999 79.1 66.9
1998 79 67.3
1997 78.6 66.1
1996 76.8 71
1995 - 71.3

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/switzerland/thailand | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Switzerland is 83.7, ranking 2/197, compared to 62.2 for Thailand, ranking 88/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Switzerland Thailand
Services, % of GDP
72%
2024
59.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.7%
2024
32.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.63%
2024
8.71%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$857B
2024
$509B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$93,420
2024
$23,960
2024
Total reserves including gold
$909B
2024
$237B
2024
Total reserves ranking
4/177
2024
15/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$59.7B
2024
-$6.95B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$108B
2024
$14.3B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$27.9B
2024
$7.36B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
3.52%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.8%
2021
5.4%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
27%
2024
21.6%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1995, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2019–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.