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Economy of Switzerland vs Tanzania compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Switzerland has a GDP of $1.04T compared to $90.1B for Tanzania, ranking 20/197 and 83/197 by economy size, respectively.

Switzerland has $411B in government debt (39.4% of GDP), compared to $44.8B (49.7% of GDP) in Tanzania.

Switzerland vs Tanzania GDP by year

Switzerland
Tanzania
1x
Year GDP, current $
Switzerland Tanzania
2025 $1,043,529,899,251 $90,143,496,090
2024 $969,919,786,395 $79,235,713,445
2023 $928,435,275,852 $79,030,935,638
2022 $858,479,038,994 $75,749,121,847
2021 $840,710,023,481 $70,655,628,148
2020 $756,096,180,222 $66,068,737,786
2019 $736,384,764,157 $61,026,731,926
2018 $740,766,531,454 $57,003,712,892
2017 $706,660,443,624 $53,274,884,533
2016 $698,607,778,795 $49,774,409,374
2015 $706,199,008,879 $47,413,919,817
2014 $741,168,119,617 $49,986,726,461
2013 $718,748,402,260 $45,648,857,242
2012 $697,882,536,677 $39,650,394,363
2011 $727,231,637,102 $34,657,140,096
2010 $609,999,593,542 $32,012,892,919
2009 $563,659,557,945 $29,400,573,554
2008 $574,703,945,157 $27,947,821,398
2007 $498,993,845,385 $21,860,434,823
2006 $448,364,681,767 $18,619,859,795
2005 $424,511,048,024 $18,395,383,647
2004 $409,012,909,530 $16,673,062,473
2003 $366,563,952,625 $15,211,487,709
2002 $313,930,961,761 $14,129,651,896
2001 $290,160,142,214 $13,563,990,022
2000 $282,327,351,966 $13,371,767,082
1999 $301,911,268,140 $12,704,334,196
1998 $306,907,741,068 $12,172,790,056
1997 $298,868,250,534 $11,158,197,942
1996 $345,373,647,249 $9,433,528,150
1995 $358,152,520,085 $7,631,431,840
1994 $305,916,331,798 $6,550,480,484
1993 $276,339,744,180 $6,182,872,708
1992 $284,139,428,246 $6,681,997,469
1991 $272,953,645,746 $7,197,768,159
1990 $269,768,238,555 $6,184,384,225
1989 $211,241,694,480 $6,418,799,007
1988 $218,788,504,066 $7,406,614,407
1987 $202,238,567,597 $7,824,193,222
1986 $161,487,171,049 $10,840,864,521
1985 $112,652,623,418 $15,328,295,175
1984 $111,104,641,869 $12,906,635,133
1983 $116,361,728,836 $14,049,883,809
1982 $116,776,899,473 $13,927,383,240
1981 $113,936,168,924 $13,161,540,378
1980 $124,404,609,417 $11,409,228,087
1979 $116,702,524,208 $9,804,637,491
1978 $103,821,687,919 $9,261,675,710
1977 $74,237,819,014 $7,732,598,995
1976 $69,508,364,538 $6,472,511,988
1975 $66,452,559,176 $5,729,917,840
1974 $57,963,469,607 $4,977,337,978
1973 $50,296,651,921 $4,144,104,535
1972 $37,399,508,287 $3,472,787,266
1971 $30,492,832,676 $3,050,673,517
1970 $25,374,750,743 $2,851,419,386
1969 $22,780,211,812 $5,142,066,811
1968 $21,024,203,656 $4,895,251,824
1967 $19,689,329,510 $4,565,132,048
1966 $18,290,928,227 $4,377,998,825
1965 $17,033,079,428 $3,817,226,546
1964 $16,071,715,835 $3,748,840,925
1963 $14,499,109,270 $3,456,579,293
1962 $13,185,384,691 $3,101,589,993
1961 $11,889,851,950 $2,826,179,031
1960 $10,569,129,806 $2,651,729,807

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/switzerland/tanzania | CC BY

GDP per capita in Switzerland vs Tanzania by year

Switzerland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Tanzania
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Switzerland Tanzania
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $114,769 - $1,278 -
2024 $107,702 $96,498 $1,156 $4,221
2023 $104,450 $95,142 $1,186 $4,019
2022 $97,809 $94,421 $1,171 $3,800
2021 $96,583 $81,001 $1,125 $3,493
2020 $87,530 $72,998 $1,084 $3,291
2019 $85,873 $73,732 $1,031 $2,982
2018 $87,002 $70,689 $992 $2,728
2017 $83,610 $68,194 $957 $2,472
2016 $83,432 $67,351 $925 $2,435
2015 $85,265 $65,265 $911 $2,317
2014 $90,512 $63,417 $993 $2,221
2013 $88,851 $61,656 $935 $2,176
2012 $87,270 $59,441 $837 $2,083
2011 $91,910 $57,494 $753 $2,211
2010 $77,956 $54,426 $715 $2,069
2009 $72,788 $52,999 $674 $1,972
2008 $75,148 $53,809 $657 $1,908
2007 $66,082 $50,928 $528 $1,820
2006 $59,910 $46,266 $462 $1,707
2005 $57,080 $41,525 $469 $1,598
2004 $55,350 $40,171 $438 $1,482
2003 $49,947 $38,732 $410 $1,379
2002 $43,094 $38,705 $391 $1,302
2001 $40,134 $37,819 $385 $1,229
2000 $39,298 $36,703 $390 $1,164
1999 $42,261 $34,743 $382 $1,120
1998 $43,166 $33,860 $375 $1,082
1997 $42,160 $32,736 $353 $1,059
1996 $48,838 $31,509 $305 $1,026
1995 $50,869 $30,842 $251.2 $981
1994 $43,741 $30,265 $222.5 $958
1993 $39,828 $29,495 $218.2 $959
1992 $41,327 $29,113 $243.4 $955
1991 $40,140 $28,792 $268.8 $952
1990 $40,171 $28,461 $236.9 $925
1989 $31,780 - $252.3 -
1988 $33,183 - $299 -
1987 $30,899 - $326 -
1986 $24,828 - $466 -
1985 $17,411 - $681 -
1984 $17,247 - $593 -
1983 $18,128 - $667 -
1982 $18,271 - $683 -
1981 $17,931 - $665 -
1980 $19,686 - $595 -
1979 $18,541 - $527 -
1978 $16,528 - $515 -
1977 $11,819 - $446 -
1976 $11,029 - $387 -
1975 $10,484 - $355 -
1974 $9,140 - $320 -
1973 $7,974 - $276.1 -
1972 $5,973 - $239.8 -
1971 $4,908 - $218.4 -
1970 $4,105 - $211.3 -
1969 $3,712 - $394 -
1968 $3,465 - $388 -
1967 $3,286 - $374 -
1966 $3,091 - $370 -
1965 $2,908 - $333 -
1964 $2,776 - $337 -
1963 $2,546 - $320 -
1962 $2,366 - $295.7 -
1961 $2,188 - $277.4 -
1960 $1,984 - $267.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/switzerland/tanzania | CC BY

Switzerland's GDP per capita is $114,769, ranking 5/197, compared to $1,278 in Tanzania, ranking 171/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Switzerland ranks 8th at $96,498, while Tanzania ranks 165th at $4,221.

Economic indicators

Switzerland Tanzania
Gross domestic product
$1.04T
2025
$90.1B
2025
GDP rank
20/197
2025
83/197
2025
GDP growth
1.3%
2024-2025
5.85%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$114,769
2025
$1,278
2025
GDP per capita rank
5/197
2025
171/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$96,498
2024
$4,221
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
8/197
2024
165/197
2024
Government debt
$411B
2025
$44.8B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
39.4%
2025
49.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$45,239
2025
$635
2025
Government debt per person rank
12/185
2025
159/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$89,347
2026
$1,203
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.51T
2025
$9.78B
2025
Number of millionaires
944,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
45
2026
1
2026
Income share by richest 10%
26.6%
2022
33.1%
2018
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2022
2.9%
2018
Government expenditure, % of GDP
31.2%
2025
19.9%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.15%
2024-2025
3.33%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
0%
2025
5.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
4.84%
2025
2.43%
2024
Population
9155878
73639263

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Switzerland
Spending

Debt
Tanzania
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Switzerland Tanzania
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 31.2% 39.4% 19.9% 49.7%
2024 31.3% 40.5% 19.1% 49.9%
2023 30.9% 37.3% 19% 47.8%
2022 30.5% 35.9% 19.1% 44.9%
2021 33.4% 39.7% 18.4% 43.4%
2020 36.3% 42.4% 17.4% 41.3%
2019 31.3% 38.8% 17.3% 40.4%
2018 31.1% 39% 17.3% 42%
2017 31.9% 41.1% 16.4% 40.1%
2016 31.9% 40.3% 16.9% 39.8%
2015 31.9% 41.4% 17.2% 39.5%
2014 31.5% 41.2% 17.3% 36.4%
2013 32% 41.2% 18.8% 32.7%
2012 31.1% 41.9% 19.6% 30%
2011 31% 41.2% 19% 28.4%
2010 30.9% 40.7% 19.8% 27.6%
2009 31.2% 42.4% 19.6% 23.9%
2008 29.6% 44.2% 18.1% 21.6%
2007 29% 44% 17.8% 23.8%
2006 30.1% 47.7% 17.6% 17.4%
2005 31.9% 54.1% 18.3% 25.4%
2004 32.6% 57.1% 17% 44.5%
2003 32.8% 56.2% 15.4% 44.4%
2002 33.6% 56.9% 13.6% 47.4%
2001 31.2% 50.5% 12.4% 50.8%
2000 31.9% 51.7% 12.3% 55.4%
1999 32.8% 52% 12.8% 62.9%
1998 32.3% 55.3% 11.4% 62.2%
1997 32.5% 52.9% 12.8% 73.4%
1996 32.5% 50.6% 13.4% 89.6%
1995 32% 49.3% 15.6% 111.1%
1994 32% 46.4% 16.8% 126%
1993 31.9% 43.7% 16.4% 129.2%
1992 30.8% 38.9% 17.6% 117.6%
1991 29% 34.6% 14.2% 106.5%
1990 27.2% 32.8% - -
1989 30% 32.5% - -
1988 30.3% 35% - -
1987 29.8% 36.5% - -
1986 29.8% 37.6% - -
1985 30.1% 39.1% - -
1984 30.4% 39.8% - -
1983 31.2% 40.2% - -
1982 30.5% 40% - -
1981 29.4% 40.8% - -
1980 29.9% 43.9% - -
1979 30.5% 44.6% - -
1978 30.4% 46.6% - -
1977 31% 46.9% - -
1976 31.6% 46.7% - -
1975 29.3% 42.3% - -
1974 27.5% 38.4% - -
1973 26.5% 37% - -
1972 25.7% 38% - -
1971 25.4% 38.7% - -
1970 25.8% 38.9% - -
1969 9.45% 7.08% - -
1968 8.87% 6.99% - -
1967 8.68% 7.26% - -
1966 8.95% 7.62% - -
1965 8.33% 8.28% - -
1964 8.85% 9.43% - -
1963 8.2% 10.8% - -
1962 8.1% 12% - -
1961 7.97% 14% - -
1960 7.11% 16.2% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/switzerland/tanzania | CC BY

In 2025, Switzerland's government spending was $326B, accounting for 31.2% of its GDP, while Tanzania spent $18B, or 19.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 39.4% in Switzerland and 49.7% in Tanzania, ranking 136/185 and 105/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Switzerland

Tanzania
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Switzerland Tanzania
2025 0.45% -3.04%
2024 0.53% -3.03%
2023 0.12% -3.67%
2022 1.15% -3.92%
2021 -0.28% -3.55%
2020 -2.96% -2.56%
2019 1.31% -2.06%
2018 1.26% -2.01%
2017 1.11% -1.14%
2016 0.23% -2.08%
2015 0.54% -3.17%
2014 -0.24% -2.91%
2013 -0.42% -3.76%
2012 0.23% -4%
2011 0.67% -3.51%
2010 0.35% -4.74%
2009 0.49% -4.46%
2008 1.91% -1.92%
2007 1.55% -1.44%
2006 0.83% -3.38%
2005 -0.64% -3.28%
2004 -1.37% -2.43%
2003 -1.34% -1.77%
2002 -1.72% -0.73%
2001 0.2% -0.41%
2000 0.28% -0.73%
1999 -1.55% -1.14%
1998 -1.29% 0.13%
1997 -2.3% -0.03%
1996 -1.98% 1.57%
1995 -1.83% -2.12%
1994 -2.55% -3.74%
1993 -3.1% -2.02%
1992 -2.92% -4.96%
1991 -1.82% 0.6%
1990 -0.05% -
1989 0.2% -
1988 0.42% -
1987 0.78% -
1986 0.93% -
1985 -0.25% -
1984 -0.52% -
1983 -1.23% -
1982 -1.21% -
1981 -0.54% -
1980 -1.34% -
1979 -1.79% -
1978 -1.12% -
1977 -1.64% -
1976 -1.89% -
1975 -0.93% -
1974 -1.01% -
1973 -0.93% -
1972 -1.39% -
1971 -1.41% -
1970 -1.44% -
1969 -0.98% -
1968 -0.73% -
1967 -1.07% -
1966 -0.87% -
1965 0.05% -
1964 0.77% -
1963 0.25% -
1962 0.95% -
1961 0.34% -
1960 1.95% -
1959 0.72% -
1958 0.59% -
1957 0.66% -
1956 2.24% -
1955 1.1% -
1954 1.44% -
1953 0.38% -
1952 -1.17% -
1951 -0.36% -
1950 1.49% -
1949 0.04% -
1948 1.37% -
1947 1.27% -
1946 0.52% -
1945 -7.57% -
1944 -9.37% -
1943 -8.55% -
1942 -7.28% -
1941 -8.78% -
1940 -10% -
1939 -5.05% -
1938 -1.53% -
1937 -0.17% -
1936 -0.33% -
1935 -0.23% -
1934 -0.33% -
1933 -0.88% -
1932 -0.3% -
1931 0.03% -
1930 0.07% -
1929 0.22% -
1928 - -
1927 - -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -0.12% -
1912 0.03% -
1911 -0.006% -
1910 -0.14% -
1909 -0.78% -
1908 -0.1% -
1907 -0.02% -
1906 0.15% -
1905 0.41% -
1904 0.002% -
1903 0.09% -
1902 0.02% -
1901 -0.14% -
1900 -0.07% -
1899 0.1% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/switzerland/tanzania | CC BY

In 2025, Switzerland's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $4.71B, equivalent to 0.45% of GDP. This compares to Tanzania's deficit of $2.74B, or 3.04% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Switzerland recorded a fiscal deficit in 17 of those years, while Tanzania ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, Switzerland posted an annual deficit equal to 0.43% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.33% of GDP for Tanzania.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Switzerland

Tanzania
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Switzerland Tanzania
2025 0.15% 3.33%
2024 1.06% 3.06%
2023 2.14% 3.8%
2022 2.84% 4.35%
2021 0.58% 3.69%
2020 -0.73% 3.29%
2019 0.36% 3.46%
2018 0.94% 3.49%
2017 0.53% 5.32%
2016 -0.43% 5.17%
2015 -1.14% 5.59%
2014 -0.01% 6.13%
2013 -0.22% 7.87%
2012 -0.69% 16%
2011 0.23% 12.7%
2010 0.69% 6.2%
2009 -0.48% 12.1%
2008 2.43% 10.3%
2007 0.73% 7.03%
2006 1.06% 7.25%
2005 1.17% 5.03%
2004 0.8% 4.74%
2003 0.64% 5.3%
2002 0.64% 5.32%
2001 0.99% 5.15%
2000 1.56% 5.92%
1999 0.81% 7.89%
1998 0.02% 12.8%
1997 0.52% 16.1%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/switzerland/tanzania | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Switzerland has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 0.59%, compared with 6.84% in Tanzania. In 2025, inflation was 0.15% in Switzerland and 3.33% in Tanzania.

Top exports between countries

Switzerland
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $18.4M
Chemicals & pharma $8.96M
Precious metals & jewellery $2.26M
Wood & paper products $760K
Textiles & consumer goods $369K
Metals $177K
Miscellaneous $94K
Raw materials & minerals $85K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $27K
Weapons & explosives $8K
Tanzania
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $226M
Raw agricultural goods $27.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $11.3M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.9M
Raw materials & minerals $458K
Wood & paper products $60K
Machinery & equipment $56K
Metals $47K
Animal & marine products $38K
Chemicals & pharma $1K

Balance of trade

Switzerland Tanzania
Current account balance
$72.9B
2025
-$2.38B
2024
Current account balance ranking
11/190
2025
144/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+6.98%
2025
-3%
2024
Goods imports
$508B
2025
$14.2B
2024
Goods exports
$617B
2025
$9.12B
2024
Service imports
$214B
2025
$2.8B
2024
Service exports
$195B
2025
$6.85B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
69.1%
2025
20%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
78.1%
2025
19%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Switzerland Tanzania
Economic freedom 83.7 59
Economic freedom ranking 2/197 106/197
Property rights 94.4 45.2
Government integrity 93.3 40.9
Judicial effectiveness 98.3 29.6
Tax burden 70.9 80.4
Government spending 69.5 89.1
Fiscal health 97.2 75
Business freedom 86.3 48.1
Labor freedom 60 62.3
Monetary freedom 82.3 73.4
Trade freedom 87 58.8
Investment freedom 85 55
Financial freedom 80 50

Economic freedom comparison by year

Switzerland
Tanzania
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Switzerland Tanzania
2026 83.7 59
2025 83.7 59.3
2024 83 59.1
2023 83.8 60
2022 84.2 59.5
2021 81.9 61.3
2020 82 61.7
2019 81.9 60.2
2018 81.7 59.9
2017 81.5 58.6
2016 81 58.5
2015 80.5 57.5
2014 81.6 57.8
2013 81 57.9
2012 81.1 57
2011 81.9 57
2010 81.1 58.3
2009 79.4 58.3
2008 79.5 56.5
2007 78 56.8
2006 78.9 58.5
2005 79.3 56.3
2004 79.5 60.1
2003 79 56.9
2002 79.3 58.3
2001 76 54.9
2000 76.8 56
1999 79.1 60
1998 79 59.6
1997 78.6 59.3
1996 76.8 57.5
1995 - 57.3

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/switzerland/tanzania | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Switzerland is 83.7, ranking 2/197, compared to 59 for Tanzania, ranking 106/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Switzerland Tanzania
Services, % of GDP
71.7%
2025
28.8%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
25%
2025
29.8%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.64%
2025
22.9%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$1T
2025
$87B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$101,690
2025
$4,370
2025
Total reserves including gold
$1.08T
2025
$5.05B
2018
Total reserves ranking
4/177
2025
106/177
2018
Net foreign direct investment
$37.6B
2025
-$1.72B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$108B
2024
$1.72B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$27.9B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
2.56%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.8%
2021
26.4%
2018
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
29.5%
2025
40.7%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/switzerland/tanzania | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.