Skip to content

Economy of Brazil vs Switzerland compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Brazil has a GDP of $2.19T compared to $937B for Switzerland, ranking 10/197 and 20/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $1.91T in government debt (87.3% of GDP), compared to $351B (37.5% of GDP) in Switzerland.

Brazil vs Switzerland GDP by year

Brazil
Switzerland
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brazil Switzerland
2024 $2,185,821,648,944 $936,564,198,049
2023 $2,191,131,869,706 $894,424,821,645
2022 $1,951,923,832,084 $828,508,926,958
2021 $1,670,647,464,063 $815,309,330,987
2020 $1,476,107,292,152 $741,999,406,006
2019 $1,873,288,158,839 $721,369,112,727
2018 $1,916,933,708,353 $725,568,717,468
2017 $2,063,514,688,806 $695,200,833,086
2016 $1,795,693,265,999 $687,895,460,903
2015 $1,802,211,999,456 $694,118,186,380
2014 $2,456,043,766,032 $726,537,808,338
2013 $2,472,819,362,044 $706,234,937,371
2012 $2,465,228,293,707 $686,420,221,558
2011 $2,616,156,606,579 $715,888,126,682
2010 $2,208,838,108,484 $598,851,028,907
2009 $1,666,996,294,252 $554,212,916,092
2008 $1,695,855,391,758 $567,267,767,519
2007 $1,397,114,247,189 $490,740,715,595
2006 $1,107,626,711,163 $441,634,672,197
2005 $891,633,826,625 $418,284,865,885
2004 $669,289,321,945 $403,912,891,033
2003 $558,233,724,165 $362,075,086,508
2002 $509,795,270,685 $309,301,422,430
2001 $559,983,704,094 $286,582,672,434
2000 $655,448,188,259 $279,216,033,870
1999 $599,642,075,004 $297,873,643,323
1998 $863,711,007,325 $303,459,014,347
1997 $883,206,452,795 $294,788,198,856
1996 $850,426,433,004 $340,103,959,547
1995 $769,333,330,412 $352,835,806,342
1994 $525,369,851,354 $301,375,055,202
1993 $368,295,778,245 $272,237,527,071
1992 $328,187,960,872 $279,921,425,828
1991 $342,609,231,343 $268,901,693,863
1990 $390,725,626,003 $265,763,573,999
1989 $412,990,820,287 $208,105,846,934
1988 $307,881,930,752 $215,540,625,299
1987 $283,056,836,894 $199,236,370,038
1986 $256,480,852,471 $159,089,921,063
1985 $210,879,844,639 $110,980,314,192
1984 $188,339,974,087 $109,455,312,168
1983 $189,656,506,321 $114,634,358,535
1982 $271,314,113,768 $115,043,365,512
1981 $258,015,174,749 $112,244,805,519
1980 $237,393,489,893 $122,557,843,886
1979 $221,338,204,480 $114,970,094,425
1978 $200,278,646,124 $102,280,472,036
1977 $176,344,101,402 $73,135,771,167
1976 $153,168,949,208 $68,476,524,644
1975 $129,203,555,239 $65,466,081,819
1974 $109,794,519,728 $57,103,011,446
1973 $83,592,275,863 $49,550,006,320
1972 $58,434,858,375 $36,844,318,854
1971 $48,869,830,902 $30,040,171,751
1970 $42,327,664,794 $24,998,066,773
1969 $37,171,640,819 $22,442,043,274
1968 $33,930,457,425 $20,712,102,794
1967 $31,086,389,195 $19,397,044,714
1966 $28,283,323,733 $18,019,402,374
1965 $22,465,522,884 $16,780,226,225
1964 $20,963,733,695 $15,833,133,858
1963 $23,287,712,878 $14,283,872,299
1962 $19,231,747,852 $12,989,649,694
1961 $17,275,940,449 $11,713,348,834
1960 $17,030,465,539 $10,412,232,621

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/switzerland | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Switzerland by year

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Switzerland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brazil Switzerland
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $10,311 $22,338 $103,998 $96,498
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $100,624 $95,142
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $94,395 $94,421
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $93,665 $81,001
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $85,898 $72,998
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $84,122 $73,732
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $85,217 $70,689
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $82,254 $68,194
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $82,153 $67,351
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $83,806 $65,265
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $88,725 $63,417
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $87,304 $61,656
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $85,836 $59,441
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $90,477 $57,494
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $76,531 $54,426
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $71,568 $52,999
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $74,175 $53,809
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $64,989 $50,928
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $59,011 $46,266
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $56,243 $41,525
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $54,659 $40,171
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $49,336 $38,732
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $42,459 $38,705
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $39,639 $37,819
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $38,865 $36,703
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $41,696 $34,743
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $42,681 $33,860
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $41,584 $32,736
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $48,093 $31,509
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $50,114 $30,842
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $43,092 $30,265
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $39,237 $29,495
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $40,714 $29,113
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $39,544 $28,792
1990 $2,620 $6,688 $39,575 $28,461
1989 $2,819 - $31,309 -
1988 $2,141 - $32,690 -
1987 $2,006 - $30,441 -
1986 $1,854 - $24,460 -
1985 $1,556 - $17,152 -
1984 $1,420 - $16,991 -
1983 $1,461 - $17,859 -
1982 $2,138 - $18,000 -
1981 $2,080 - $17,665 -
1980 $1,959 - $19,394 -
1979 $1,870 - $18,266 -
1978 $1,733 - $16,282 -
1977 $1,562 - $11,644 -
1976 $1,390 - $10,865 -
1975 $1,201 - $10,328 -
1974 $1,045 - $9,005 -
1973 $815 - $7,856 -
1972 $583 - $5,885 -
1971 $500 - $4,835 -
1970 $444 - $4,044 -
1969 $399 - $3,657 -
1968 $374 - $3,413 -
1967 $351 - $3,237 -
1966 $328 - $3,045 -
1965 $268 - $2,865 -
1964 $257.3 - $2,735 -
1963 $294.2 - $2,508 -
1962 $250.2 - $2,330 -
1961 $231.6 - $2,155 -
1960 $235.3 - $1,954 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/switzerland | CC BY

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,311, ranking 85/197, compared to $103,998 in Switzerland, ranking 5/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338, while Switzerland ranks 8th at $96,498.

Economic indicators

Brazil Switzerland
Gross domestic product
$2.19T
2024
$937B
2024
GDP rank
10/197
2024
20/197
2024
GDP growth
3.42%
2023-2024
1.3%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,311
2024
$103,998
2024
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2024
5/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,338
2024
$96,498
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
88/197
2024
8/197
2024
Government debt
$1.91T
2024
$351B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
87.3%
2024
37.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$8,999
2024
$39,021
2024
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2024
15/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,263
2026
$85,867
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$659B
2024
$1.97T
2024
Number of millionaires
433,000
2025
1,119,000
2025
Number of billionaires
56
2025
42
2025
Income share by richest 10%
40.8%
2023
26.6%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2023
2.9%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
45.7%
2024
31.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.4%
2023-2024
1.06%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
15%
2025
0%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.8%
2024
4.34%
2024
Population
213824938
9107866

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brazil
Spending

Debt
Switzerland
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brazil Switzerland
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 45.7% 87.3% 31.9% 37.5%
2023 45.3% 84% 32.1% 38.7%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 31.6% 37.2%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 34.4% 41%
2020 46.2% 96% 37% 43.2%
2019 43% 87.1% 32% 39.6%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 31.7% 39.8%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 32.4% 41.8%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 32.4% 40.9%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 32.5% 42.2%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 32.2% 42.1%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 32.5% 41.9%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 31.7% 42.6%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 31.4% 41.9%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 31.4% 41.5%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 31.8% 43.1%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 30% 44.8%
2007 40.4% 63% 29.4% 44.8%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 30.5% 48.5%
2005 41.9% 67% 32.4% 54.9%
2004 39.7% 68% 33.1% 57.8%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 33.2% 56.9%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 34.1% 57.7%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 31.6% 51.1%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 32.2% 52.2%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 33.2% 52.7%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 32.7% 55.9%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 32.9% 53.7%
1996 38.2% 30.7% 33% 51.3%
1995 - 28% 32.4% 50%
1994 - 30% 32.5% 47.1%
1993 - 32.6% 32.5% 44.4%
1992 - 37.1% 31.3% 39.5%
1991 - 38.1% 29.5% 35.1%
1990 - 40.6% 27.6% 33.3%
1989 - 40.2% 30% 32.5%
1988 - 46.9% 30.3% 35%
1987 - 50.3% 29.8% 36.5%
1986 11.7% 49.4% 29.8% 37.6%
1985 11.1% 52.6% 30.1% 39.1%
1984 10% 55.8% 30.4% 39.8%
1983 9.7% 51.5% 31.2% 40.2%
1982 8.1% 32.8% 30.5% 40%
1981 7.8% 34.6% 29.4% 40.8%
1980 6.8% 39.7% 29.9% 43.9%
1979 9% 36.6% 30.5% 44.6%
1978 10.2% 37% 30.4% 46.6%
1977 10.4% 31% 31% 46.9%
1976 10.6% 31.8% 31.6% 46.7%
1975 10.7% 27.7% 29.3% 42.3%
1974 10.5% 25.7% 27.5% 38.4%
1973 11% 22.4% 26.5% 37%
1972 12.6% 22.5% 25.7% 38%
1971 11.7% 17.9% 25.4% 38.7%
1970 11.4% 17% 25.8% 38.9%
1969 11.2% 16.5% 9.45% 7.08%
1968 14.4% 15.8% 8.87% 6.99%
1967 13.5% 13.8% 8.68% 7.26%
1966 14.6% 19.6% 8.95% 7.62%
1965 14% 17.6% 8.33% 8.28%
1964 25.4% 22.2% 8.85% 9.43%
1963 22.8% 20.4% 8.2% 10.8%
1962 23.1% 23.7% 8.1% 12%
1961 12% 25.7% 7.97% 14%
1960 13.7% 22.3% 7.11% 16.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/switzerland | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government spending was $998B, accounting for 45.7% of its GDP, while Switzerland spent $299B, or 31.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 87.3% in Brazil and 37.5% in Switzerland, ranking 38/185 and 141/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Switzerland
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Switzerland
2024 -6.19% 0.58%
2023 -7.71% 0.12%
2022 -3.96% 1.19%
2021 -2.63% -0.29%
2020 -11.6% -3.01%
2019 -4.86% 1.34%
2018 -6.99% 1.29%
2017 -7.97% 1.13%
2016 -7.99% 0.24%
2015 -9.28% 0.55%
2014 -6.27% -0.25%
2013 -3.42% -0.43%
2012 -2.35% 0.24%
2011 -2.74% 0.68%
2010 -3.55% 0.35%
2009 -4.23% 0.5%
2008 -2.39% 1.93%
2007 -2.66% 1.57%
2006 -4.87% 0.85%
2005 -3.36% -0.65%
2004 -2.95% -1.39%
2003 -5.4% -1.36%
2002 -4.15% -1.75%
2001 -3.47% 0.21%
2000 -3.32% 0.28%
1999 -5.17% -1.57%
1998 -7.22% -1.31%
1997 -5.6% -2.33%
1996 -5.35% -2.01%
1995 - -1.86%
1994 - -2.59%
1993 - -3.15%
1992 - -2.96%
1991 - -1.85%
1990 - -0.05%
1989 - 0.2%
1988 - 0.42%
1987 - 0.78%
1986 -1.6% 0.93%
1985 -1.3% -0.25%
1984 -0.4% -0.52%
1983 0.1% -1.23%
1982 1.4% -1.21%
1981 1% -0.54%
1980 2.5% -1.34%
1979 0.4% -1.79%
1978 -0.1% -1.12%
1977 0.1% -1.64%
1976 0.1% -1.89%
1975 0% -0.93%
1974 0.6% -1.01%
1973 0.1% -0.93%
1972 -0.1% -1.39%
1971 -0.3% -1.41%
1970 -0.4% -1.44%
1969 -0.6% -0.98%
1968 -1.6% -0.73%
1967 -2.1% -1.07%
1966 -1.3% -0.87%
1965 -2% 0.05%
1964 -8.79% 0.77%
1963 -5.78% 0.25%
1962 -6.82% 0.95%
1961 -2.93% 0.34%
1960 -3.85% 1.95%
1959 -0.18% 0.72%
1958 -0.76% 0.59%
1957 -0.29% 0.66%
1956 -0.14% 2.24%
1955 -0.62% 1.1%
1954 -0.49% 1.44%
1953 -1.26% 0.38%
1952 0.64% -1.17%
1951 0.87% -0.36%
1950 -1.58% 1.49%
1949 -1.22% 0.04%
1948 0.002% 1.37%
1947 0.25% 1.27%
1946 -1.78% 0.52%
1945 -2.87% -7.57%
1944 -2.37% -9.37%
1943 -0.75% -8.55%
1942 -2.55% -7.28%
1941 -2.15% -8.78%
1940 -1.13% -10%
1939 -1.2% -5.05%
1938 -0.59% -1.53%
1937 -1.62% -0.17%
1936 -0.27% -0.33%
1935 -0.5% -0.23%
1934 -2.28% -0.33%
1933 -1.56% -0.88%
1932 -6.47% -0.3%
1931 -1.56% 0.03%
1930 -3.58% 0.07%
1929 -0.09% 0.22%
1928 0.57% -
1927 0.12% -
1926 -0.76% -
1925 -0.07% -
1924 -0.45% -
1923 -1.94% -
1922 -3.8% -
1921 -2.98% -
1920 -3.11% -
1919 -3.69% -
1918 -4.51% -
1917 -4.8% -
1916 -4.35% -
1915 -6.33% -
1914 -7.32% -
1913 -1.91% -0.12%
1912 -3.05% 0.03%
1911 -2.15% -0.006%
1910 -2.06% -0.14%
1909 -1.62% -0.78%
1908 -1.89% -0.1%
1907 0.38% -0.02%
1906 0.28% 0.15%
1905 0.96% 0.41%
1904 -0.62% 0.002%
1903 1.79% 0.09%
1902 1.59% 0.02%
1901 -2.46% -0.14%
1900 -5.57% -0.07%
1899 -2.13% 0.1%
1898 -14% -
1897 -2.38% -
1896 -0.79% -
1895 -1.33% -
1894 -4.11% -
1893 -1.77% -
1892 -2.6% -
1891 0.51% -
1890 -3.02% -
1889 -3.79% -
1888 0.63% -
1887 -0.76% -
1886 -3.8% -
1885 -5.71% -
1884 -3.89% -
1883 -3.33% -
1882 -1.58% -
1881 -1.9% -
1880 -4.84% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/switzerland | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $135B, equivalent to 6.19% of GDP. This compares to Switzerland's surplus of $5.4B, or 0.58% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 46 of those years, while Switzerland ran a deficit in 38 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to 3.24% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.48% of GDP for Switzerland.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brazil

Switzerland
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brazil Switzerland
2024 4.4% 1.06%
2023 4.6% 2.14%
2022 9.3% 2.84%
2021 8.3% 0.58%
2020 3.2% -0.73%
2019 3.7% 0.36%
2018 3.7% 0.94%
2017 3.4% 0.53%
2016 8.7% -0.43%
2015 9% -1.14%
2014 6.3% -0.01%
2013 6.2% -0.22%
2012 5.4% -0.69%
2011 6.6% 0.23%
2010 5% 0.69%
2009 4.9% -0.48%
2008 5.7% 2.43%
2007 3.6% 0.73%
2006 4.2% 1.06%
2005 6.9% 1.17%
2004 6.6% 0.8%
2003 14.7% 0.64%
2002 8.4% 0.64%
2001 6.8% 0.99%
2000 7% 1.56%
1999 4.9% 0.81%
1998 3.2% 0.02%
1997 6.9% 0.52%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/switzerland | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.13%, compared with 0.61% in Switzerland. In 2024, inflation was 4.4% in Brazil and 1.06% in Switzerland.

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $978M
Chemicals & pharma $74.7M
Raw materials & minerals $59.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $54.1M
Animal & marine products $52.9M
Machinery & equipment $47.8M
Raw agricultural goods $37.3M
Metals $19.2M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.69M
Wood & paper products $4.77M
Switzerland
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $2.82B
Transport & tourism services $675M
Machinery & equipment $466M
IT & IP services $338M
Business & finance services $175M
Precious metals & jewellery $80.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $75.5M
Raw agricultural goods $46.9M
Textiles & consumer goods $38.1M
Metals $24.3M

Balance of trade

Brazil Switzerland
Current account balance
-$66.2B
2024
$72B
2024
Current account balance ranking
188/190
2024
10/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.03%
2024
+7.69%
2024
Goods imports
$274B
2024
$371B
2024
Goods exports
$340B
2024
$502B
2024
Service imports
$103B
2024
$203B
2024
Service exports
$48.1B
2024
$186B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.6%
2024
61.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
72.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Switzerland
Economic freedom 52.4 83.7
Economic freedom ranking 148/197 2/197
Property rights 49.2 94.4
Government integrity 37.2 93.3
Judicial effectiveness 55.6 98.3
Tax burden 70.6 70.9
Government spending 39.8 69.5
Fiscal health 28 97.2
Business freedom 65.7 86.3
Labor freedom 57 60
Monetary freedom 76 82.3
Trade freedom 69 87
Investment freedom 40 85
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brazil
Switzerland
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Switzerland
2026 52.4 83.7
2025 55.1 83.7
2024 53.2 83
2023 53.5 83.8
2022 53.3 84.2
2021 53.4 81.9
2020 53.7 82
2019 51.9 81.9
2018 51.4 81.7
2017 52.9 81.5
2016 56.5 81
2015 56.6 80.5
2014 56.9 81.6
2013 57.7 81
2012 57.9 81.1
2011 56.3 81.9
2010 55.6 81.1
2009 56.7 79.4
2008 56.2 79.5
2007 56.2 78
2006 60.9 78.9
2005 61.7 79.3
2004 62 79.5
2003 63.4 79
2002 61.5 79.3
2001 61.9 76
2000 61.1 76.8
1999 61.3 79.1
1998 52.3 79
1997 52.6 78.6
1996 48.1 76.8
1995 51.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/switzerland | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 52.4, ranking 148/197, compared to 83.7 for Switzerland, ranking 2/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brazil Switzerland
Services, % of GDP
59.2%
2024
72%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.9%
2024
24.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.75%
2024
0.63%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.11T
2024
$857B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,590
2024
$93,420
2024
Total reserves including gold
$330B
2024
$909B
2024
Total reserves ranking
11/177
2024
4/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$47.8B
2024
$59.7B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$74.1B
2024
-$108B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
-$27.9B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.4%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
15.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17%
2024
27%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/switzerland | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.