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Economy of Brazil vs Switzerland compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Brazil has a GDP of $2.28T compared to $1.04T for Switzerland, ranking 11/197 and 20/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $2.13T in government debt (93.3% of GDP), compared to $411B (39.4% of GDP) in Switzerland.

Brazil vs Switzerland GDP by year

Brazil
Switzerland
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brazil Switzerland
2025 $2,279,920,092,492 $1,043,529,899,251
2024 $2,185,821,610,689 $969,919,786,395
2023 $2,191,131,765,685 $928,435,275,852
2022 $1,951,923,942,083 $858,479,038,994
2021 $1,670,647,398,905 $840,710,023,481
2020 $1,476,107,231,310 $756,096,180,222
2019 $1,873,288,205,060 $736,384,764,157
2018 $1,916,933,898,011 $740,766,531,454
2017 $2,063,514,977,366 $706,660,443,624
2016 $1,795,693,482,853 $698,607,778,795
2015 $1,802,212,206,815 $706,199,008,879
2014 $2,456,043,727,199 $741,168,119,617
2013 $2,472,819,535,557 $718,748,402,260
2012 $2,465,227,802,807 $697,882,536,677
2011 $2,616,156,223,918 $727,231,637,102
2010 $2,208,837,745,101 $609,999,593,542
2009 $1,666,996,438,581 $563,659,557,945
2008 $1,695,855,083,498 $574,703,945,157
2007 $1,397,114,486,369 $498,993,845,385
2006 $1,107,626,541,435 $448,364,681,767
2005 $891,633,839,894 $424,511,048,024
2004 $669,289,424,806 $409,012,909,530
2003 $558,233,745,652 $366,563,952,625
2002 $509,795,273,807 $313,930,961,761
2001 $559,983,634,799 $290,160,142,214
2000 $655,448,231,984 $282,327,351,966
1999 $599,642,024,320 $301,911,268,140
1998 $863,710,759,256 $306,907,741,068
1997 $883,206,179,730 $298,868,250,534
1996 $850,426,432,992 $345,373,647,249
1995 $769,333,050,987 $358,152,520,085
1994 $525,369,467,296 $305,916,331,798
1993 $368,292,034,381 $276,339,744,180
1992 $328,191,909,882 $284,139,428,246
1991 $342,534,090,909 $272,953,645,746
1990 $384,959,818,182 $269,768,238,555
1989 $412,990,820,287 $211,241,694,480
1988 $307,881,930,752 $218,788,504,066
1987 $283,056,836,894 $202,238,567,597
1986 $256,480,852,471 $161,487,171,049
1985 $210,879,844,639 $112,652,623,418
1984 $188,339,974,087 $111,104,641,869
1983 $189,656,506,321 $116,361,728,836
1982 $271,314,113,768 $116,776,899,473
1981 $258,015,174,749 $113,936,168,924
1980 $237,393,489,893 $124,404,609,417
1979 $221,338,204,480 $116,702,524,208
1978 $200,278,646,124 $103,821,687,919
1977 $176,344,101,402 $74,237,819,014
1976 $153,168,949,208 $69,508,364,538
1975 $129,203,555,239 $66,452,559,176
1974 $109,794,519,728 $57,963,469,607
1973 $83,592,275,863 $50,296,651,921
1972 $58,434,858,375 $37,399,508,287
1971 $48,869,830,902 $30,492,832,676
1970 $42,327,664,794 $25,374,750,743
1969 $37,171,640,819 $22,780,211,812
1968 $33,930,457,425 $21,024,203,656
1967 $31,086,389,195 $19,689,329,510
1966 $28,283,323,733 $18,290,928,227
1965 $22,465,522,884 $17,033,079,428
1964 $20,963,733,695 $16,071,715,835
1963 $23,287,712,878 $14,499,109,270
1962 $19,231,747,852 $13,185,384,691
1961 $17,275,940,449 $11,889,851,950
1960 $17,030,465,539 $10,569,129,806

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/switzerland | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Switzerland by year

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Switzerland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brazil Switzerland
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $10,713 - $114,769 -
2024 $10,311 $22,338 $107,702 $96,498
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $104,450 $95,142
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $97,809 $94,421
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $96,583 $81,001
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $87,530 $72,998
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $85,873 $73,732
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $87,002 $70,689
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $83,610 $68,194
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $83,432 $67,351
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $85,265 $65,265
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $90,512 $63,417
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $88,851 $61,656
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $87,270 $59,441
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $91,910 $57,494
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $77,956 $54,426
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $72,788 $52,999
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $75,148 $53,809
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $66,082 $50,928
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $59,910 $46,266
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $57,080 $41,525
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $55,350 $40,171
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $49,947 $38,732
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $43,094 $38,705
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $40,134 $37,819
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $39,298 $36,703
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $42,261 $34,743
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $43,166 $33,860
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $42,160 $32,736
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $48,838 $31,509
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $50,869 $30,842
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $43,741 $30,265
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $39,828 $29,495
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $41,327 $29,113
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $40,140 $28,792
1990 $2,581 $6,688 $40,171 $28,461
1989 $2,819 - $31,780 -
1988 $2,141 - $33,183 -
1987 $2,006 - $30,899 -
1986 $1,854 - $24,828 -
1985 $1,556 - $17,411 -
1984 $1,420 - $17,247 -
1983 $1,461 - $18,128 -
1982 $2,138 - $18,271 -
1981 $2,080 - $17,931 -
1980 $1,959 - $19,686 -
1979 $1,870 - $18,541 -
1978 $1,733 - $16,528 -
1977 $1,562 - $11,819 -
1976 $1,390 - $11,029 -
1975 $1,201 - $10,484 -
1974 $1,045 - $9,140 -
1973 $815 - $7,974 -
1972 $583 - $5,973 -
1971 $500 - $4,908 -
1970 $444 - $4,105 -
1969 $399 - $3,712 -
1968 $374 - $3,465 -
1967 $351 - $3,286 -
1966 $328 - $3,091 -
1965 $268 - $2,908 -
1964 $257.3 - $2,776 -
1963 $294.2 - $2,546 -
1962 $250.2 - $2,366 -
1961 $231.6 - $2,188 -
1960 $235.3 - $1,984 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/switzerland | CC BY

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,713, ranking 85/197, compared to $114,769 in Switzerland, ranking 5/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338, while Switzerland ranks 8th at $96,498.

Economic indicators

Brazil Switzerland
Gross domestic product
$2.28T
2025
$1.04T
2025
GDP rank
11/197
2025
20/197
2025
GDP growth
2.29%
2024-2025
1.3%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$10,713
2025
$114,769
2025
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2025
5/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,338
2024
$96,498
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
88/197
2024
8/197
2024
Government debt
$2.13T
2025
$411B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
93.3%
2025
39.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$9,999
2025
$45,239
2025
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2025
12/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,555
2026
$89,347
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$871B
2025
$2.51T
2025
Number of millionaires
386,000
2026
944,000
2026
Number of billionaires
70
2026
45
2026
Income share by richest 10%
39.3%
2024
26.6%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2024
2.9%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.4%
2025
31.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
5%
2024-2025
0.15%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
14.5%
2026
0%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.83%
2025
4.84%
2025
Population
213964342
9155878

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brazil
Spending

Debt
Switzerland
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brazil Switzerland
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 47.4% 93.3% 31.2% 39.4%
2024 45.5% 87% 31.3% 40.5%
2023 45.3% 84% 30.9% 37.3%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 30.5% 35.9%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 33.4% 39.7%
2020 46.2% 96% 36.3% 42.4%
2019 43% 87.1% 31.3% 38.8%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 31.1% 39%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 31.9% 41.1%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 31.9% 40.3%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 31.9% 41.4%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 31.5% 41.2%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 32% 41.2%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 31.1% 41.9%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 31% 41.2%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 30.9% 40.7%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 31.2% 42.4%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 29.6% 44.2%
2007 40.4% 63% 29% 44%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 30.1% 47.7%
2005 41.9% 67% 31.9% 54.1%
2004 39.7% 68% 32.6% 57.1%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 32.8% 56.2%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 33.6% 56.9%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 31.2% 50.5%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 31.9% 51.7%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 32.8% 52%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 32.3% 55.3%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 32.5% 52.9%
1996 38.2% 30.7% 32.5% 50.6%
1995 - 28% 32% 49.3%
1994 - 30% 32% 46.4%
1993 - 32.6% 31.9% 43.7%
1992 - 37.1% 30.8% 38.9%
1991 - 38.1% 29% 34.6%
1990 - 40.6% 27.2% 32.8%
1989 - 40.2% 30% 32.5%
1988 - 46.9% 30.3% 35%
1987 - 50.3% 29.8% 36.5%
1986 11.7% 49.4% 29.8% 37.6%
1985 11.1% 52.6% 30.1% 39.1%
1984 10% 55.8% 30.4% 39.8%
1983 9.7% 51.5% 31.2% 40.2%
1982 8.1% 32.8% 30.5% 40%
1981 7.8% 34.6% 29.4% 40.8%
1980 6.8% 39.7% 29.9% 43.9%
1979 9% 36.6% 30.5% 44.6%
1978 10.2% 37% 30.4% 46.6%
1977 10.4% 31% 31% 46.9%
1976 10.6% 31.8% 31.6% 46.7%
1975 10.7% 27.7% 29.3% 42.3%
1974 10.5% 25.7% 27.5% 38.4%
1973 11% 22.4% 26.5% 37%
1972 12.6% 22.5% 25.7% 38%
1971 11.7% 17.9% 25.4% 38.7%
1970 11.4% 17% 25.8% 38.9%
1969 11.2% 16.5% 9.45% 7.08%
1968 14.4% 15.8% 8.87% 6.99%
1967 13.5% 13.8% 8.68% 7.26%
1966 14.6% 19.6% 8.95% 7.62%
1965 14% 17.6% 8.33% 8.28%
1964 25.4% 22.2% 8.85% 9.43%
1963 22.8% 20.4% 8.2% 10.8%
1962 23.1% 23.7% 8.1% 12%
1961 12% 25.7% 7.97% 14%
1960 13.7% 22.3% 7.11% 16.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/switzerland | CC BY

In 2025, Brazil's government spending was $1.08T, accounting for 47.4% of its GDP, while Switzerland spent $326B, or 31.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 93.3% in Brazil and 39.4% in Switzerland, ranking 29/185 and 136/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Switzerland
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Switzerland
2025 -8.07% 0.45%
2024 -6.17% 0.53%
2023 -7.71% 0.12%
2022 -3.96% 1.15%
2021 -2.63% -0.28%
2020 -11.6% -2.96%
2019 -4.86% 1.31%
2018 -6.99% 1.26%
2017 -7.97% 1.11%
2016 -7.99% 0.23%
2015 -9.28% 0.54%
2014 -6.27% -0.24%
2013 -3.42% -0.42%
2012 -2.35% 0.23%
2011 -2.74% 0.67%
2010 -3.55% 0.35%
2009 -4.23% 0.49%
2008 -2.39% 1.91%
2007 -2.66% 1.55%
2006 -4.87% 0.83%
2005 -3.36% -0.64%
2004 -2.95% -1.37%
2003 -5.4% -1.34%
2002 -4.15% -1.72%
2001 -3.47% 0.2%
2000 -3.32% 0.28%
1999 -5.17% -1.55%
1998 -7.22% -1.29%
1997 -5.6% -2.3%
1996 -5.35% -1.98%
1995 - -1.83%
1994 - -2.55%
1993 - -3.1%
1992 - -2.92%
1991 - -1.82%
1990 - -0.05%
1989 - 0.2%
1988 - 0.42%
1987 - 0.78%
1986 -1.6% 0.93%
1985 -1.3% -0.25%
1984 -0.4% -0.52%
1983 0.1% -1.23%
1982 1.4% -1.21%
1981 1% -0.54%
1980 2.5% -1.34%
1979 0.4% -1.79%
1978 -0.1% -1.12%
1977 0.1% -1.64%
1976 0.1% -1.89%
1975 0% -0.93%
1974 0.6% -1.01%
1973 0.1% -0.93%
1972 -0.1% -1.39%
1971 -0.3% -1.41%
1970 -0.4% -1.44%
1969 -0.6% -0.98%
1968 -1.6% -0.73%
1967 -2.1% -1.07%
1966 -1.3% -0.87%
1965 -2% 0.05%
1964 -8.79% 0.77%
1963 -5.78% 0.25%
1962 -6.82% 0.95%
1961 -2.93% 0.34%
1960 -3.85% 1.95%
1959 -0.18% 0.72%
1958 -0.76% 0.59%
1957 -0.29% 0.66%
1956 -0.14% 2.24%
1955 -0.62% 1.1%
1954 -0.49% 1.44%
1953 -1.26% 0.38%
1952 0.64% -1.17%
1951 0.87% -0.36%
1950 -1.58% 1.49%
1949 -1.22% 0.04%
1948 0.002% 1.37%
1947 0.25% 1.27%
1946 -1.78% 0.52%
1945 -2.87% -7.57%
1944 -2.37% -9.37%
1943 -0.75% -8.55%
1942 -2.55% -7.28%
1941 -2.15% -8.78%
1940 -1.13% -10%
1939 -1.2% -5.05%
1938 -0.59% -1.53%
1937 -1.62% -0.17%
1936 -0.27% -0.33%
1935 -0.5% -0.23%
1934 -2.28% -0.33%
1933 -1.56% -0.88%
1932 -6.47% -0.3%
1931 -1.56% 0.03%
1930 -3.58% 0.07%
1929 -0.09% 0.22%
1928 0.57% -
1927 0.12% -
1926 -0.76% -
1925 -0.07% -
1924 -0.45% -
1923 -1.94% -
1922 -3.8% -
1921 -2.98% -
1920 -3.11% -
1919 -3.69% -
1918 -4.51% -
1917 -4.8% -
1916 -4.35% -
1915 -6.33% -
1914 -7.32% -
1913 -1.91% -0.12%
1912 -3.05% 0.03%
1911 -2.15% -0.006%
1910 -2.06% -0.14%
1909 -1.62% -0.78%
1908 -1.89% -0.1%
1907 0.38% -0.02%
1906 0.28% 0.15%
1905 0.96% 0.41%
1904 -0.62% 0.002%
1903 1.79% 0.09%
1902 1.59% 0.02%
1901 -2.46% -0.14%
1900 -5.57% -0.07%
1899 -2.13% 0.1%
1898 -14% -
1897 -2.38% -
1896 -0.79% -
1895 -1.33% -
1894 -4.11% -
1893 -1.77% -
1892 -2.6% -
1891 0.51% -
1890 -3.02% -
1889 -3.79% -
1888 0.63% -
1887 -0.76% -
1886 -3.8% -
1885 -5.71% -
1884 -3.89% -
1883 -3.33% -
1882 -1.58% -
1881 -1.9% -
1880 -4.84% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/switzerland | CC BY

In 2025, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $184B, equivalent to 8.07% of GDP. This compares to Switzerland's surplus of $4.71B, or 0.45% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 47 of those years, while Switzerland ran a deficit in 38 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to 3.32% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.47% of GDP for Switzerland.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brazil

Switzerland
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brazil Switzerland
2025 5% 0.15%
2024 4.4% 1.06%
2023 4.6% 2.14%
2022 9.3% 2.84%
2021 8.3% 0.58%
2020 3.2% -0.73%
2019 3.7% 0.36%
2018 3.7% 0.94%
2017 3.4% 0.53%
2016 8.7% -0.43%
2015 9% -1.14%
2014 6.3% -0.01%
2013 6.2% -0.22%
2012 5.4% -0.69%
2011 6.6% 0.23%
2010 5% 0.69%
2009 4.9% -0.48%
2008 5.7% 2.43%
2007 3.6% 0.73%
2006 4.2% 1.06%
2005 6.9% 1.17%
2004 6.6% 0.8%
2003 14.7% 0.64%
2002 8.4% 0.64%
2001 6.8% 0.99%
2000 7% 1.56%
1999 4.9% 0.81%
1998 3.2% 0.02%
1997 6.9% 0.52%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/switzerland | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.09%, compared with 0.59% in Switzerland. In 2025, inflation was 5% in Brazil and 0.15% in Switzerland.

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $1.59B
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $114M
Raw materials & minerals $95.3M
Machinery & equipment $69.7M
Metals $61.8M
Animal & marine products $44.1M
Raw agricultural goods $28.9M
Chemicals & pharma $27.4M
Wood & paper products $8.8M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.22M
Switzerland
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $2.85B
Transport & tourism services $850M
IT & IP services $634M
Machinery & equipment $457M
Business & finance services $217M
Precious metals & jewellery $95.5M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $81.5M
Raw agricultural goods $51.5M
Textiles & consumer goods $46.6M
Metals $27.1M

Balance of trade

Brazil Switzerland
Current account balance
-$66.7B
2025
$72.9B
2025
Current account balance ranking
188/190
2025
11/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.93%
2025
+6.98%
2025
Goods imports
$291B
2025
$508B
2025
Goods exports
$351B
2025
$617B
2025
Service imports
$105B
2025
$214B
2025
Service exports
$54.4B
2025
$195B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.5%
2025
69.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.8%
2025
78.1%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Switzerland
Economic freedom 52.4 83.7
Economic freedom ranking 148/197 2/197
Property rights 49.2 94.4
Government integrity 37.2 93.3
Judicial effectiveness 55.6 98.3
Tax burden 70.6 70.9
Government spending 39.8 69.5
Fiscal health 28 97.2
Business freedom 65.7 86.3
Labor freedom 57 60
Monetary freedom 76 82.3
Trade freedom 69 87
Investment freedom 40 85
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brazil
Switzerland
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Switzerland
2026 52.4 83.7
2025 55.1 83.7
2024 53.2 83
2023 53.5 83.8
2022 53.3 84.2
2021 53.4 81.9
2020 53.7 82
2019 51.9 81.9
2018 51.4 81.7
2017 52.9 81.5
2016 56.5 81
2015 56.6 80.5
2014 56.9 81.6
2013 57.7 81
2012 57.9 81.1
2011 56.3 81.9
2010 55.6 81.1
2009 56.7 79.4
2008 56.2 79.5
2007 56.2 78
2006 60.9 78.9
2005 61.7 79.3
2004 62 79.5
2003 63.4 79
2002 61.5 79.3
2001 61.9 76
2000 61.1 76.8
1999 61.3 79.1
1998 52.3 79
1997 52.6 78.6
1996 48.1 76.8
1995 51.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/switzerland | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 52.4, ranking 148/197, compared to 83.7 for Switzerland, ranking 2/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brazil Switzerland
Services, % of GDP
59.7%
2025
71.7%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
20.1%
2025
25%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
6.09%
2025
0.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$2.25T
2025
$1T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$22,670
2025
$101,690
2025
Total reserves including gold
$359B
2025
$1.08T
2025
Total reserves ranking
13/177
2025
4/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$47.5B
2025
$37.6B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$74.1B
2024
-$108B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
-$27.9B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.4%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
15.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.1%
2025
29.5%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/switzerland | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.