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Economy of Austria vs Switzerland compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Austria has a GDP of $579B compared to $1.04T for Switzerland, ranking 29/197 and 20/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $466B in government debt (80.5% of GDP), compared to $411B (39.4% of GDP) in Switzerland.

Austria vs Switzerland GDP by year

Austria
Switzerland
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria Switzerland
2025 $579,470,021,095 $1,043,529,899,251
2024 $534,790,720,467 $969,919,786,395
2023 $516,670,509,629 $928,435,275,852
2022 $473,221,298,968 $858,479,038,994
2021 $480,466,363,177 $840,710,023,481
2020 $434,397,601,558 $756,096,180,222
2019 $442,983,642,372 $736,384,764,157
2018 $452,582,294,973 $740,766,531,454
2017 $414,926,138,133 $706,660,443,624
2016 $393,687,359,770 $698,607,778,795
2015 $379,546,097,301 $706,199,008,879
2014 $438,556,021,078 $741,168,119,617
2013 $426,580,502,769 $718,748,402,260
2012 $406,750,487,604 $697,882,536,677
2011 $428,954,737,064 $727,231,637,102
2010 $389,827,789,218 $609,999,593,542
2009 $399,290,118,782 $563,659,557,945
2008 $429,234,399,096 $574,703,945,157
2007 $386,760,177,589 $498,993,845,385
2006 $333,905,979,332 $448,364,681,767
2005 $313,952,317,331 $424,511,048,024
2004 $299,210,411,455 $409,012,909,530
2003 $260,779,834,340 $366,563,952,625
2002 $212,837,224,023 $313,930,961,761
2001 $196,477,206,829 $290,160,142,214
2000 $196,181,599,831 $282,327,351,966
1999 $216,421,809,126 $301,911,268,140
1998 $217,068,085,816 $306,907,741,068
1997 $211,724,812,267 $298,868,250,534
1996 $235,952,581,232 $345,373,647,249
1995 $240,094,169,510 $358,152,520,085
1994 $202,738,023,130 $305,916,331,798
1993 $189,634,029,339 $276,339,744,180
1992 $194,314,032,056 $284,139,428,246
1991 $173,113,449,617 $272,953,645,746
1990 $165,811,372,383 $269,768,238,555
1989 $132,584,448,258 $211,241,694,480
1988 $132,817,124,707 $218,788,504,066
1987 $123,682,091,859 $202,238,567,597
1986 $98,648,254,169 $161,487,171,049
1985 $69,114,996,010 $112,652,623,418
1984 $67,719,055,773 $111,104,641,869
1983 $71,838,528,420 $116,361,728,836
1982 $70,996,111,963 $116,776,899,473
1981 $70,755,997,062 $113,936,168,924
1980 $81,737,498,405 $124,404,609,417
1979 $73,647,694,287 $116,702,524,208
1978 $61,809,208,756 $103,821,687,919
1977 $51,343,861,460 $74,237,819,014
1976 $42,791,707,448 $69,508,364,538
1975 $39,902,300,703 $66,452,559,176
1974 $35,051,468,640 $57,963,469,607
1973 $29,399,860,145 $50,296,651,921
1972 $21,973,207,929 $37,399,508,287
1971 $17,788,536,733 $30,492,832,676
1970 $15,312,791,744 $25,374,750,743
1969 $13,647,475,854 $22,780,211,812
1968 $12,499,863,917 $21,024,203,656
1967 $11,634,569,522 $19,689,329,510
1966 $10,939,526,219 $18,290,928,227
1965 $10,041,659,445 $17,033,079,428
1964 $9,213,648,656 $16,071,715,835
1963 $8,414,050,621 $14,499,109,270
1962 $7,793,042,529 $13,185,384,691
1961 $7,346,566,038 $11,889,851,950
1960 $6,624,086,313 $10,569,129,806

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/switzerland | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs Switzerland by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Switzerland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria Switzerland
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $62,930 - $114,769 -
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $107,702 $96,498
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $104,450 $95,142
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $97,809 $94,421
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $96,583 $81,001
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $87,530 $72,998
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $85,873 $73,732
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $87,002 $70,689
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $83,610 $68,194
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $83,432 $67,351
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $85,265 $65,265
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $90,512 $63,417
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $88,851 $61,656
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $87,270 $59,441
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $91,910 $57,494
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $77,956 $54,426
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $72,788 $52,999
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $75,148 $53,809
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $66,082 $50,928
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $59,910 $46,266
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $57,080 $41,525
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $55,350 $40,171
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $49,947 $38,732
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $43,094 $38,705
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $40,134 $37,819
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $39,298 $36,703
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $42,261 $34,743
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $43,166 $33,860
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $42,160 $32,736
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $48,838 $31,509
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $50,869 $30,842
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $43,741 $30,265
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $39,828 $29,495
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $41,327 $29,113
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $40,140 $28,792
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $40,171 $28,461
1989 $17,401 - $31,780 -
1988 $17,510 - $33,183 -
1987 $16,329 - $30,899 -
1986 $13,032 - $24,828 -
1985 $9,136 - $17,411 -
1984 $8,956 - $17,247 -
1983 $9,500 - $18,128 -
1982 $9,373 - $18,271 -
1981 $9,348 - $17,931 -
1980 $10,827 - $19,686 -
1979 $9,755 - $18,541 -
1978 $8,173 - $16,528 -
1977 $6,784 - $11,819 -
1976 $5,656 - $11,029 -
1975 $5,265 - $10,484 -
1974 $4,613 - $9,140 -
1973 $3,875 - $7,974 -
1972 $2,913 - $5,973 -
1971 $2,372 - $4,908 -
1970 $2,051 - $4,105 -
1969 $1,834 - $3,712 -
1968 $1,686 - $3,465 -
1967 $1,577 - $3,286 -
1966 $1,494 - $3,091 -
1965 $1,381 - $2,908 -
1964 $1,275 - $2,776 -
1963 $1,173 - $2,546 -
1962 $1,093 - $2,366 -
1961 $1,037 - $2,188 -
1960 $940 - $1,984 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/switzerland | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $62,930, ranking 16/197, compared to $114,769 in Switzerland, ranking 5/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while Switzerland ranks 8th at $96,498.

Economic indicators

Austria Switzerland
Gross domestic product
$579B
2025
$1.04T
2025
GDP rank
29/197
2025
20/197
2025
GDP growth
0.62%
2024-2025
1.3%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$62,930
2025
$114,769
2025
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2025
5/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$96,498
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
8/197
2024
Government debt
$466B
2025
$411B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.5%
2025
39.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$50,654
2025
$45,239
2025
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2025
12/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$38,467
2026
$89,347
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$211B
2025
$2.51T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
944,000
2026
Number of billionaires
9
2026
45
2026
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
26.6%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
2.9%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
55.2%
2025
31.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.53%
2024-2025
0.15%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
0%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.78%
2025
4.84%
2025
Population
9201502
9155878

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
Switzerland
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria Switzerland
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 55.2% 80.5% 31.2% 39.4%
2024 55.2% 79.2% 31.3% 40.5%
2023 52.2% 77.8% 30.9% 37.3%
2022 53% 78.1% 30.5% 35.9%
2021 56% 82.4% 33.4% 39.7%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 36.3% 42.4%
2019 49.1% 71% 31.3% 38.8%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 31.1% 39%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 31.9% 41.1%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 31.9% 40.3%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 31.9% 41.4%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 31.5% 41.2%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 32% 41.2%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 31.1% 41.9%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 31% 41.2%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 30.9% 40.7%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 31.2% 42.4%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 29.6% 44.2%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 29% 44%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 30.1% 47.7%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 31.9% 54.1%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 32.6% 57.1%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 32.8% 56.2%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 33.6% 56.9%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 31.2% 50.5%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 31.9% 51.7%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 32.8% 52%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 32.3% 55.3%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 32.5% 52.9%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 32.5% 50.6%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 32% 49.3%
1994 54.3% 64.1% 32% 46.4%
1993 54.3% 61% 31.9% 43.7%
1992 49.3% 56.3% 30.8% 38.9%
1991 47.9% 56.4% 29% 34.6%
1990 46.8% 56.2% 27.2% 32.8%
1989 51.6% 56.6% 30% 32.5%
1988 53.1% 57.7% 30.3% 35%
1987 54.5% 55.5% 29.8% 36.5%
1986 54.3% 52% 29.8% 37.6%
1985 53.5% 47.8% 30.1% 39.1%
1984 52.6% 46% 30.4% 39.8%
1983 52.4% 43.7% 31.2% 40.2%
1982 52% 39.7% 30.5% 40%
1981 51.5% 37.5% 29.4% 40.8%
1980 50% 35.6% 29.9% 43.9%
1979 49.8% 34.1% 30.5% 44.6%
1978 50.8% 32.2% 30.4% 46.6%
1977 47.6% 28.5% 31% 46.9%
1976 47.9% 26.2% 31.6% 46.7%
1975 46.1% 22.8% 29.3% 42.3%
1974 42% 16.8% 27.5% 38.4%
1973 41.5% 16.7% 26.5% 37%
1972 40.1% 16.7% 25.7% 38%
1971 40% 17.4% 25.4% 38.7%
1970 39.5% 18.6% 25.8% 38.9%
1969 40.7% 16.8% 9.45% 7.08%
1968 40.9% 16.8% 8.87% 6.99%
1967 40.7% 15.6% 8.68% 7.26%
1966 38.7% 14.1% 8.95% 7.62%
1965 38.3% 14.8% 8.33% 8.28%
1964 38.7% 15.5% 8.85% 9.43%
1963 38.6% 15.6% 8.2% 10.8%
1962 37.6% 15.5% 8.1% 12%
1961 35.7% 16% 7.97% 14%
1960 36.3% 17.7% 7.11% 16.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/switzerland | CC BY

In 2025, Austria's government spending was $320B, accounting for 55.2% of its GDP, while Switzerland spent $326B, or 31.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.5% in Austria and 39.4% in Switzerland, ranking 42/185 and 136/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Switzerland
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Switzerland
2025 -4.52% 0.45%
2024 -4.68% 0.53%
2023 -2.59% 0.12%
2022 -3.41% 1.15%
2021 -5.69% -0.28%
2020 -8.2% -2.96%
2019 0.54% 1.31%
2018 0.2% 1.26%
2017 -0.78% 1.11%
2016 -1.45% 0.23%
2015 -0.48% 0.54%
2014 -1.92% -0.24%
2013 -1.99% -0.42%
2012 -2.18% 0.23%
2011 -2.48% 0.67%
2010 -4.46% 0.35%
2009 -5.38% 0.49%
2008 -1.57% 1.91%
2007 -1.56% 1.55%
2006 -2.61% 0.83%
2005 -2.59% -0.64%
2004 -4.94% -1.37%
2003 -1.84% -1.34%
2002 -1.43% -1.72%
2001 -0.71% 0.2%
2000 -2.07% 0.28%
1999 -2.63% -1.55%
1998 -2.68% -1.29%
1997 -2.38% -2.3%
1996 -4.38% -1.98%
1995 -6.17% -1.83%
1994 -5.04% -2.55%
1993 -4.57% -3.1%
1992 -2.15% -2.92%
1991 -2.96% -1.82%
1990 -2.58% -0.05%
1989 -3.07% 0.2%
1988 -3.43% 0.42%
1987 -4.33% 0.78%
1986 -3.84% 0.93%
1985 -2.71% -0.25%
1984 -2.67% -0.52%
1983 -4.22% -1.23%
1982 -3.29% -1.21%
1981 -1.79% -0.54%
1980 -1.62% -1.34%
1979 -2.3% -1.79%
1978 -2.67% -1.12%
1977 -2.11% -1.64%
1976 -3.61% -1.89%
1975 -2.41% -0.93%
1974 1.23% -1.01%
1973 1.24% -0.93%
1972 1.97% -1.39%
1971 1.46% -1.41%
1970 1.16% -1.44%
1969 -0.08% -0.98%
1968 -0.83% -0.73%
1967 -0.56% -1.07%
1966 1.73% -0.87%
1965 1.38% 0.05%
1964 0.48% 0.77%
1963 -0.5% 0.25%
1962 1.12% 0.95%
1961 1.68% 0.34%
1960 -0.49% 1.95%
1959 -2.16% 0.72%
1958 -3.52% 0.59%
1957 -0.7% 0.66%
1956 -0.78% 2.24%
1955 -0.5% 1.1%
1954 -0.35% 1.44%
1953 -0.24% 0.38%
1952 -0.73% -1.17%
1951 -1.57% -0.36%
1950 -7.72% 1.49%
1949 -9.23% 0.04%
1948 -9.3% 1.37%
1947 - 1.27%
1946 - 0.52%
1945 - -7.57%
1944 - -9.37%
1943 - -8.55%
1942 - -7.28%
1941 - -8.78%
1940 - -10%
1939 - -5.05%
1938 - -1.53%
1937 -2.84% -0.17%
1936 -3.91% -0.33%
1935 -5.46% -0.23%
1934 -5.28% -0.33%
1933 -3.55% -0.88%
1932 -9.16% -0.3%
1931 -11.5% 0.03%
1930 -9.68% 0.07%
1929 -6.83% 0.22%
1928 -7.63% -
1927 -7.3% -
1926 -6.18% -
1925 -4.96% -
1924 -5.69% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -0.12%
1912 -0.69% 0.03%
1911 0.03% -0.006%
1910 -0.42% -0.14%
1909 -5.51% -0.78%
1908 -1.24% -0.1%
1907 -2.73% -0.02%
1906 -0.05% 0.15%
1905 -0.71% 0.41%
1904 -1.12% 0.002%
1903 -0.97% 0.09%
1902 -0.75% 0.02%
1901 -0.56% -0.14%
1900 -0.05% -0.07%
1899 -0.08% 0.1%
1898 -0.17% -
1897 0.1% -
1896 0.03% -
1895 0.36% -
1894 -1.16% -
1893 -1.31% -
1892 -0.86% -
1891 -4.01% -
1890 -0.26% -
1889 -1.61% -
1888 -0.97% -
1887 -1.09% -
1886 -0.43% -
1885 -0.57% -
1884 -6.43% -
1883 -0.69% -
1882 -1.06% -
1881 -3.91% -
1880 -1.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/switzerland | CC BY

In 2025, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $26.2B, equivalent to 4.52% of GDP. This compares to Switzerland's surplus of $4.71B, or 0.45% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 54 of those years, while Switzerland ran a deficit in 38 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.08% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.47% of GDP for Switzerland.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

Switzerland
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria Switzerland
2025 3.53% 0.15%
2024 2.94% 1.06%
2023 7.81% 2.14%
2022 8.55% 2.84%
2021 2.77% 0.58%
2020 1.38% -0.73%
2019 1.53% 0.36%
2018 2% 0.94%
2017 2.08% 0.53%
2016 0.89% -0.43%
2015 0.9% -1.14%
2014 1.61% -0.01%
2013 2% -0.22%
2012 2.49% -0.69%
2011 3.29% 0.23%
2010 1.81% 0.69%
2009 0.51% -0.48%
2008 3.22% 2.43%
2007 2.17% 0.73%
2006 1.44% 1.06%
2005 2.3% 1.17%
2004 2.06% 0.8%
2003 1.36% 0.64%
2002 1.81% 0.64%
2001 2.65% 0.99%
2000 2.34% 1.56%
1999 0.57% 0.81%
1998 0.92% 0.02%
1997 1.31% 0.52%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/switzerland | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.35%, compared with 0.59% in Switzerland. In 2025, inflation was 3.53% in Austria and 0.15% in Switzerland.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $3.51B
Machinery & equipment $3.1B
Transport & tourism services $2.81B
Business & finance services $1.51B
Manufacturing & construction services $1.36B
Metals $1.19B
Textiles & consumer goods $922M
Wood & paper products $871M
Precious metals & jewellery $760M
IT & IP services $696M
Switzerland
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $4.82B
Precious metals & jewellery $2.47B
Machinery & equipment $2.37B
Transport & tourism services $1.56B
Business & finance services $667M
Metals $648M
Raw materials & minerals $613M
IT & IP services $473M
Textiles & consumer goods $255M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $200M

Balance of trade

Austria Switzerland
Current account balance
$10.4B
2025
$72.9B
2025
Current account balance ranking
24/190
2025
11/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.79%
2025
+6.98%
2025
Goods imports
$208B
2025
$508B
2025
Goods exports
$214B
2025
$617B
2025
Service imports
$98.3B
2025
$214B
2025
Service exports
$105B
2025
$195B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
52.3%
2025
69.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
54.7%
2025
78.1%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Switzerland
Economic freedom 69.8 83.7
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 2/197
Property rights 95.7 94.4
Government integrity 75 93.3
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 98.3
Tax burden 45.7 70.9
Government spending 12.8 69.5
Fiscal health 67.1 97.2
Business freedom 78.7 86.3
Labor freedom 81.6 60
Monetary freedom 76.4 82.3
Trade freedom 79.4 87
Investment freedom 60 85
Financial freedom 70 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
Switzerland
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Switzerland
2026 69.8 83.7
2025 69.7 83.7
2024 68.4 83
2023 71.1 83.8
2022 73.8 84.2
2021 73.9 81.9
2020 73.3 82
2019 72 81.9
2018 71.8 81.7
2017 72.3 81.5
2016 71.7 81
2015 71.2 80.5
2014 72.4 81.6
2013 71.8 81
2012 70.3 81.1
2011 71.9 81.9
2010 71.6 81.1
2009 71.2 79.4
2008 71.4 79.5
2007 71.6 78
2006 71.1 78.9
2005 68.8 79.3
2004 67.6 79.5
2003 67.6 79
2002 67.4 79.3
2001 68.1 76
2000 68.4 76.8
1999 64 79.1
1998 65.4 79
1997 65.2 78.6
1996 68.9 76.8
1995 70 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/switzerland | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 83.7 for Switzerland, ranking 2/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria Switzerland
Services, % of GDP
64.1%
2025
71.7%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2025
25%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.26%
2025
0.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$556B
2025
$1T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$77,010
2025
$101,690
2025
Total reserves including gold
$53.4B
2025
$1.08T
2025
Total reserves ranking
46/177
2025
4/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$5.61B
2025
$37.6B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
-$108B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
-$27.9B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
15.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.7%
2025
29.5%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/switzerland | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.