Skip to content

Economy of Ireland vs Switzerland compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Ireland has a GDP of $609B compared to $937B for Switzerland, ranking 25/197 and 20/197 by economy size, respectively.

Ireland has $236B in government debt (38.8% of GDP), compared to $351B (37.5% of GDP) in Switzerland.

Ireland vs Switzerland GDP by year

Ireland
Switzerland
1x
Year GDP, current $
Ireland Switzerland
2024 $609,157,459,747 $936,564,198,049
2023 $567,372,737,459 $894,424,821,645
2022 $548,341,794,599 $828,508,926,958
2021 $530,394,123,830 $815,309,330,987
2020 $436,009,027,819 $741,999,406,006
2019 $407,211,793,801 $721,369,112,727
2018 $395,780,319,817 $725,568,717,468
2017 $348,355,212,569 $695,200,833,086
2016 $305,431,252,709 $687,895,460,903
2015 $302,101,388,556 $694,118,186,380
2014 $266,490,442,124 $726,537,808,338
2013 $242,924,245,719 $706,234,937,371
2012 $226,921,827,888 $686,420,221,558
2011 $240,975,871,047 $715,888,126,682
2010 $221,732,824,603 $598,851,028,907
2009 $236,443,115,854 $554,212,916,092
2008 $275,447,471,451 $567,267,767,519
2007 $270,079,279,420 $490,740,715,595
2006 $232,180,617,162 $441,634,672,197
2005 $211,876,989,656 $418,284,865,885
2004 $194,372,115,041 $403,912,891,033
2003 $164,670,771,260 $362,075,086,508
2002 $128,596,035,288 $309,301,422,430
2001 $109,346,669,230 $286,582,672,434
2000 $100,207,610,430 $279,216,033,870
1999 $98,893,958,263 $297,873,643,323
1998 $90,199,410,116 $303,459,014,347
1997 $82,856,648,758 $294,788,198,856
1996 $75,790,786,290 $340,103,959,547
1995 $69,139,823,232 $352,835,806,342
1994 $57,097,656,066 $301,375,055,202
1993 $52,417,477,614 $272,237,527,071
1992 $55,918,538,121 $279,921,425,828
1991 $49,787,501,584 $268,901,693,863
1990 $49,305,632,408 $265,763,573,999
1989 $39,238,392,678 $208,105,846,934
1988 $37,772,896,221 $215,540,625,299
1987 $33,920,518,493 $199,236,370,038
1986 $28,714,571,852 $159,089,921,063
1985 $21,270,013,326 $110,980,314,192
1984 $20,106,648,455 $109,455,312,168
1983 $20,766,047,764 $114,634,358,535
1982 $21,474,752,962 $115,043,365,512
1981 $20,670,190,138 $112,244,805,519
1980 $21,747,855,640 $122,557,843,886
1979 $18,319,334,300 $114,970,094,425
1978 $14,647,996,074 $102,280,472,036
1977 $11,248,340,431 $73,135,771,167
1976 $9,453,756,015 $68,476,524,644
1975 $9,483,808,362 $65,466,081,819
1974 $7,896,860,615 $57,103,011,446
1973 $7,481,173,066 $49,550,006,320
1972 $6,318,060,582 $36,844,318,854
1971 $5,098,250,287 $30,040,171,751
1970 $4,395,995,086 $24,998,066,773
1969 $3,902,721,632 $22,442,043,274
1968 $3,378,701,147 $20,712,102,794
1967 $3,445,739,915 $19,397,044,714
1966 $3,198,820,904 $18,019,402,374
1965 $3,035,655,794 $16,780,226,225
1964 $2,851,091,646 $15,833,133,858
1963 $2,505,073,358 $14,283,872,299
1962 $2,329,372,972 $12,989,649,694
1961 $2,151,772,980 $11,713,348,834
1960 $1,998,550,222 $10,412,232,621

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/ireland/switzerland | CC BY

GDP per capita in Ireland vs Switzerland by year

Ireland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Switzerland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Ireland Switzerland
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $112,895 $133,437 $103,998 $96,498
2023 $106,819 $129,683 $100,624 $95,142
2022 $105,191 $138,523 $94,395 $94,421
2021 $103,783 $116,904 $93,665 $81,001
2020 $86,514 $97,800 $85,898 $72,998
2019 $81,828 $92,023 $84,122 $73,732
2018 $80,804 $86,299 $85,217 $70,689
2017 $72,161 $80,450 $82,254 $68,194
2016 $64,130 $73,013 $82,153 $67,351
2015 $64,250 $71,588 $83,806 $65,265
2014 $57,215 $52,641 $88,725 $63,417
2013 $52,538 $48,839 $87,304 $61,656
2012 $49,336 $46,726 $85,836 $59,441
2011 $52,614 $45,526 $90,477 $57,494
2010 $48,624 $43,212 $76,531 $54,426
2009 $52,133 $41,491 $71,568 $52,999
2008 $61,353 $44,169 $74,175 $53,809
2007 $61,396 $46,782 $64,989 $50,928
2006 $54,329 $44,223 $59,011 $46,266
2005 $50,933 $40,466 $56,243 $41,525
2004 $47,754 $38,729 $54,659 $40,171
2003 $41,204 $36,280 $49,336 $38,732
2002 $32,705 $35,222 $42,459 $38,705
2001 $28,282 $32,573 $39,639 $37,819
2000 $26,335 $30,216 $38,865 $36,703
1999 $26,338 $27,041 $41,696 $34,743
1998 $24,295 $25,094 $42,681 $33,860
1997 $22,551 $22,637 $41,584 $32,736
1996 $20,836 $20,482 $48,093 $31,509
1995 $19,158 $18,944 $50,114 $30,842
1994 $15,903 $17,011 $43,092 $30,265
1993 $14,657 $15,811 $39,237 $29,495
1992 $15,714 $15,116 $40,714 $29,113
1991 $14,087 $14,399 $39,544 $28,792
1990 $14,031 $13,743 $39,575 $28,461
1989 $11,176 - $31,309 -
1988 $10,716 - $32,690 -
1987 $9,582 - $30,441 -
1986 $8,112 - $24,460 -
1985 $6,012 - $17,152 -
1984 $5,692 - $16,991 -
1983 $5,915 - $17,859 -
1982 $6,161 - $18,000 -
1981 $5,986 - $17,665 -
1980 $6,372 - $19,394 -
1979 $5,430 - $18,266 -
1978 $4,400 - $16,282 -
1977 $3,427 - $11,644 -
1976 $2,920 - $10,865 -
1975 $2,973 - $10,328 -
1974 $2,517 - $9,005 -
1973 $2,424 - $7,856 -
1972 $2,080 - $5,885 -
1971 $1,704 - $4,835 -
1970 $1,487 - $4,044 -
1969 $1,331 - $3,657 -
1968 $1,159 - $3,413 -
1967 $1,187 - $3,237 -
1966 $1,107 - $3,045 -
1965 $1,055 - $2,865 -
1964 $995 - $2,735 -
1963 $878 - $2,508 -
1962 $821 - $2,330 -
1961 $762 - $2,155 -
1960 $707 - $1,954 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/ireland/switzerland | CC BY

Ireland's GDP per capita is $112,895, ranking 4/197, compared to $103,998 in Switzerland, ranking 5/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Ireland ranks 4th at $133,437, while Switzerland ranks 8th at $96,498.

Economic indicators

Ireland Switzerland
Gross domestic product
$609B
2024
$937B
2024
GDP rank
25/197
2024
20/197
2024
GDP growth
2.6%
2023-2024
1.3%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$112,895
2024
$103,998
2024
GDP per capita rank
4/197
2024
5/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$133,437
2024
$96,498
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
4/197
2024
8/197
2024
Government debt
$236B
2024
$351B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
38.8%
2024
37.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$43,766
2024
$39,021
2024
Government debt per person rank
11/185
2024
15/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$47,851
2026
$85,867
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$110B
2018
$1.97T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
1,119,000
2025
Number of billionaires
11
2025
42
2025
Income share by richest 10%
24.1%
2023
26.6%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
2.9%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
22.3%
2024
31.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.11%
2023-2024
1.06%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
0%
2025
Unemployment rate
4.27%
2024
4.34%
2024
Population
5518360
9107866

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Ireland
Spending

Debt
Switzerland
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Ireland Switzerland
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 22.3% 38.8% 31.9% 37.5%
2023 22.1% 42.1% 32.1% 38.7%
2022 20.6% 43.2% 31.6% 37.2%
2021 23.6% 52.7% 34.4% 41%
2020 26.7% 57.1% 37% 43.2%
2019 23.9% 55.9% 32% 39.6%
2018 24.7% 61.4% 31.7% 39.8%
2017 25.3% 65.3% 32.4% 41.8%
2016 27.5% 72.7% 32.4% 40.9%
2015 28.1% 74% 32.5% 42.2%
2014 36.6% 101.4% 32.2% 42.1%
2013 39.8% 117.7% 32.5% 41.9%
2012 42.3% 118.9% 31.7% 42.6%
2011 46.9% 109.6% 31.4% 41.9%
2010 64.9% 86.2% 31.4% 41.5%
2009 46.9% 61.8% 31.8% 43.1%
2008 41.6% 42.5% 30% 44.8%
2007 35.6% 23.9% 29.4% 44.8%
2006 33.6% 23.7% 30.5% 48.5%
2005 33% 26.1% 32.4% 54.9%
2004 32.8% 28.1% 33.1% 57.8%
2003 32.7% 29.8% 33.2% 56.9%
2002 32.9% 30.9% 34.1% 57.7%
2001 32.2% 33.6% 31.6% 51.1%
2000 30.6% 36.4% 32.2% 52.2%
1999 32.5% 46.6% 33.2% 52.7%
1998 34.2% 51.4% 32.7% 55.9%
1997 36.1% 61.6% 32.9% 53.7%
1996 38.5% 69.8% 33% 51.3%
1995 40.3% 78.5% 32.4% 50%
1994 44.2% 88% 32.5% 47.1%
1993 44.6% 93.4% 32.5% 44.4%
1992 46.8% 90.6% 31.3% 39.5%
1991 46.1% 93.8% 29.5% 35.1%
1990 44.6% 92.7% 27.6% 33.3%
1989 42.5% 97.9% 30% 32.5%
1988 48.2% 106.5% 30.3% 35%
1987 51.4% 108.3% 29.8% 36.5%
1986 52.9% 107.2% 29.8% 37.6%
1985 53.2% 93% 30.1% 39.1%
1984 52.7% 90.2% 30.4% 39.8%
1983 55.6% 86.1% 31.2% 40.2%
1982 56.7% 73.5% 30.5% 40%
1981 54.1% 68.8% 29.4% 40.8%
1980 53.7% 64.6% 29.9% 43.9%
1979 48.7% 63.5% 30.5% 44.6%
1978 46.2% 50.6% 30.4% 46.6%
1977 44.6% 49.2% 31% 46.9%
1976 47.8% 51.7% 31.6% 46.7%
1975 48.2% 48.3% 29.3% 42.3%
1974 44.3% 43.5% 27.5% 38.4%
1973 40.3% 35.1% 26.5% 37%
1972 41.5% 37.3% 25.7% 38%
1971 45.3% 39.8% 25.4% 38.7%
1970 44.1% 41.7% 25.8% 38.9%
1969 42.5% 42.6% 9.45% 7.08%
1968 40% 44.7% 8.87% 6.99%
1967 39.3% 47.1% 8.68% 7.26%
1966 36.9% 47.7% 8.95% 7.62%
1965 35.8% 44.6% 8.33% 8.28%
1964 34.8% 43.1% 8.85% 9.43%
1963 33.6% 45.2% 8.2% 10.8%
1962 31.7% 44.5% 8.1% 12%
1961 31.4% 44.3% 7.97% 14%
1960 29.1% 44.9% 7.11% 16.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/ireland/switzerland | CC BY

In 2024, Ireland's government spending was $136B, accounting for 22.3% of its GDP, while Switzerland spent $299B, or 31.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 38.8% in Ireland and 37.5% in Switzerland, ranking 138/185 and 141/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Ireland

Switzerland
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Ireland Switzerland
2024 4.09% 0.58%
2023 1.52% 0.12%
2022 1.67% 1.19%
2021 -1.37% -0.29%
2020 -4.87% -3.01%
2019 0.41% 1.34%
2018 0.09% 1.29%
2017 -0.3% 1.13%
2016 -0.76% 0.24%
2015 -1.97% 0.55%
2014 -3.52% -0.25%
2013 -6.28% -0.43%
2012 -8.42% 0.24%
2011 -13.5% 0.68%
2010 -32.1% 0.35%
2009 -13.9% 0.5%
2008 -7.03% 1.93%
2007 0.27% 1.57%
2006 2.78% 0.85%
2005 1.57% -0.65%
2004 1.3% -1.39%
2003 0.35% -1.36%
2002 -0.52% -1.75%
2001 0.96% 0.21%
2000 4.86% 0.28%
1999 3.54% -1.57%
1998 2.07% -1.31%
1997 1.37% -2.33%
1996 -0.2% -2.01%
1995 -2.07% -1.86%
1994 -1.82% -2.59%
1993 -2.62% -3.15%
1992 -2.84% -2.96%
1991 -2.8% -1.85%
1990 -2.69% -0.05%
1989 -2.64% 0.2%
1988 -4.62% 0.42%
1987 -8.47% 0.78%
1986 -10.5% 0.93%
1985 -10.7% -0.25%
1984 -9.43% -0.52%
1983 -11.5% -1.23%
1982 -13.1% -1.21%
1981 -12.1% -0.54%
1980 -11.1% -1.34%
1979 -10% -1.79%
1978 -8.27% -1.12%
1977 -6.44% -1.64%
1976 -7.34% -1.89%
1975 -11.1% -0.93%
1974 -6.96% -1.01%
1973 -3.84% -0.93%
1972 -3.23% -1.39%
1971 -3.5% -1.41%
1970 -3.64% -1.44%
1969 -3.4% -0.98%
1968 -2.72% -0.73%
1967 -2.69% -1.07%
1966 -2.26% -0.87%
1965 -3.5% 0.05%
1964 -3.35% 0.77%
1963 -2.92% 0.25%
1962 -2.91% 0.95%
1961 -2.6% 0.34%
1960 -1.97% 1.95%
1959 -2.16% 0.72%
1958 -4.3% 0.59%
1957 -5.19% 0.66%
1956 -3.23% 2.24%
1955 -5.06% 1.1%
1954 -5.28% 1.44%
1953 -5.77% 0.38%
1952 -7.84% -1.17%
1951 -4.62% -0.36%
1950 -5.21% 1.49%
1949 -2.17% 0.04%
1948 -1.29% 1.37%
1947 -1.8% 1.27%
1946 -0.43% 0.52%
1945 -0.43% -7.57%
1944 0.39% -9.37%
1943 -1.18% -8.55%
1942 -2.48% -7.28%
1941 -1.42% -8.78%
1940 -0.15% -10%
1939 -7.31% -5.05%
1938 -0.92% -1.53%
1937 -0.77% -0.17%
1936 -0.19% -0.33%
1935 - -0.23%
1934 - -0.33%
1933 2.97% -0.88%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 -1.63% 0.03%
1930 - 0.07%
1929 -3.41% 0.22%
1928 - -
1927 - -
1926 -1.95% -
1925 - -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -0.12%
1912 - 0.03%
1911 - -0.006%
1910 - -0.14%
1909 - -0.78%
1908 - -0.1%
1907 - -0.02%
1906 - 0.15%
1905 - 0.41%
1904 - 0.002%
1903 - 0.09%
1902 - 0.02%
1901 - -0.14%
1900 - -0.07%
1899 - 0.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/ireland/switzerland | CC BY

In 2024, Ireland's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $24.9B, equivalent to 4.09% of GDP. This compares to Switzerland's surplus of $5.4B, or 0.58% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Ireland recorded a fiscal deficit in 50 of those years, while Switzerland ran a deficit in 38 years. On average, Ireland posted an annual deficit equal to 4.15% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.48% of GDP for Switzerland.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Ireland

Switzerland
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Ireland Switzerland
2024 2.11% 1.06%
2023 6.3% 2.14%
2022 7.83% 2.84%
2021 2.34% 0.58%
2020 -0.33% -0.73%
2019 0.94% 0.36%
2018 0.47% 0.94%
2017 0.36% 0.53%
2016 0.02% -0.43%
2015 -0.33% -1.14%
2014 0.19% -0.01%
2013 0.52% -0.22%
2012 1.69% -0.69%
2011 2.55% 0.23%
2010 -0.92% 0.69%
2009 -4.45% -0.48%
2008 4.04% 2.43%
2007 4.89% 0.73%
2006 3.94% 1.06%
2005 2.46% 1.17%
2004 2.18% 0.8%
2003 3.49% 0.64%
2002 4.63% 0.64%
2001 4.85% 0.99%
2000 5.58% 1.56%
1999 1.63% 0.81%
1998 2.41% 0.02%
1997 1.54% 0.52%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/ireland/switzerland | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Ireland has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.18%, compared with 0.61% in Switzerland. In 2024, inflation was 2.11% in Ireland and 1.06% in Switzerland.

Top exports between countries

Ireland
Export category Export value
IT & IP services $6.09B
Chemicals & pharma $3.34B
Business & finance services $1.8B
Machinery & equipment $400M
Manufacturing & construction services $148M
Animal & marine products $76.9M
Precious metals & jewellery $67.4M
Transport & tourism services $42.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $21.8M
Textiles & consumer goods $19.3M
Switzerland
Export category Export value
IT & IP services $962M
Chemicals & pharma $824M
Machinery & equipment $772M
Business & finance services $768M
Precious metals & jewellery $232M
Transport & tourism services $119M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $45.6M
Metals $25.7M
Raw agricultural goods $23.3M
Raw materials & minerals $16.1M

Balance of trade

Ireland Switzerland
Current account balance
$106B
2024
$72B
2024
Current account balance ranking
6/190
2024
10/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+17.4%
2024
+7.69%
2024
Goods imports
$165B
2024
$371B
2024
Goods exports
$356B
2024
$502B
2024
Service imports
$467B
2024
$203B
2024
Service exports
$526B
2024
$186B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
102.2%
2024
61.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
144%
2024
72.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Ireland Switzerland
Economic freedom 83.3 83.7
Economic freedom ranking 3/197 2/197
Property rights 94.4 94.4
Government integrity 84 93.3
Judicial effectiveness 95.4 98.3
Tax burden 77.7 70.9
Government spending 85.9 69.5
Fiscal health 97 97.2
Business freedom 85.5 86.3
Labor freedom 61.3 60
Monetary freedom 79.3 82.3
Trade freedom 79.4 87
Investment freedom 90 85
Financial freedom 70 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Ireland
Switzerland
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Ireland Switzerland
2026 83.3 83.7
2025 83.1 83.7
2024 82.6 83
2023 82 83.8
2022 82 84.2
2021 81.4 81.9
2020 80.9 82
2019 80.5 81.9
2018 80.4 81.7
2017 76.7 81.5
2016 77.3 81
2015 76.6 80.5
2014 76.2 81.6
2013 75.7 81
2012 76.9 81.1
2011 78.7 81.9
2010 81.3 81.1
2009 82.2 79.4
2008 82.5 79.5
2007 82.6 78
2006 82.2 78.9
2005 80.8 79.3
2004 80.3 79.5
2003 80.9 79
2002 80.5 79.3
2001 81.2 76
2000 76.1 76.8
1999 74.6 79.1
1998 73.7 79
1997 72.6 78.6
1996 68.5 76.8
1995 68.5 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/ireland/switzerland | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Ireland is 83.3, ranking 3/197, compared to 83.7 for Switzerland, ranking 2/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Ireland Switzerland
Services, % of GDP
60.6%
2024
72%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
33.6%
2024
24.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.02%
2024
0.63%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$435B
2024
$857B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$101,180
2024
$93,420
2024
Total reserves including gold
$12.7B
2024
$909B
2024
Total reserves ranking
73/177
2024
4/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$62.3B
2024
$59.7B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$4.82B
2024
-$108B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$67.1B
2024
-$27.9B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14%
2021
15.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
18.2%
2024
27%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ireland/switzerland | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2019–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.