Skip to content

Economy of Sri Lanka vs Switzerland compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Sri Lanka has a GDP of $109B compared to $1.04T for Switzerland, ranking 71/197 and 20/197 by economy size, respectively.

Sri Lanka has $100B in government debt (100.8% of GDP), compared to $411B (39.4% of GDP) in Switzerland.

Sri Lanka vs Switzerland GDP by year

Sri Lanka
Switzerland
1x
Year GDP, current $
Sri Lanka Switzerland
2025 $108,825,231,671 $1,043,529,899,251
2024 $99,616,111,266 $969,919,786,395
2023 $84,080,307,356 $928,435,275,852
2022 $74,143,020,304 $858,479,038,994
2021 $88,556,699,052 $840,710,023,481
2020 $84,335,574,372 $756,096,180,222
2019 $88,998,706,178 $736,384,764,157
2018 $94,450,015,983 $740,766,531,454
2017 $94,369,350,439 $706,660,443,624
2016 $88,000,210,878 $698,607,778,795
2015 $85,090,300,896 $706,199,008,879
2014 $82,531,125,462 $741,168,119,617
2013 $76,976,204,075 $718,748,402,260
2012 $70,447,216,891 $697,882,536,677
2011 $67,753,285,882 $727,231,637,102
2010 $58,636,049,581 $609,999,593,542
2009 $42,066,224,093 $563,659,557,945
2008 $40,713,826,215 $574,703,945,157
2007 $32,350,238,760 $498,993,845,385
2006 $28,267,410,543 $448,364,681,767
2005 $24,405,791,045 $424,511,048,024
2004 $20,662,525,941 $409,012,909,530
2003 $18,881,765,437 $366,563,952,625
2002 $16,536,535,647 $313,930,961,761
2001 $15,749,753,805 $290,160,142,214
2000 $16,595,882,819 $282,327,351,966
1999 $15,711,933,513 $301,911,268,140
1998 $15,760,736,956 $306,907,741,068
1997 $15,091,913,884 $298,868,250,534
1996 $13,897,738,375 $345,373,647,249
1995 $13,029,697,561 $358,152,520,085
1994 $11,717,604,209 $305,916,331,798
1993 $10,338,679,636 $276,339,744,180
1992 $9,703,011,636 $284,139,428,246
1991 $9,000,362,582 $272,953,645,746
1990 $8,032,551,173 $269,768,238,555
1989 $6,987,267,684 $211,241,694,480
1988 $6,978,371,581 $218,788,504,066
1987 $6,682,167,120 $202,238,567,597
1986 $6,405,210,564 $161,487,171,049
1985 $5,978,460,972 $112,652,623,418
1984 $6,043,474,843 $111,104,641,869
1983 $5,167,913,302 $116,361,728,836
1982 $4,768,765,017 $116,776,899,473
1981 $4,415,844,156 $113,936,168,924
1980 $4,024,621,900 $124,404,609,417
1979 $3,364,611,432 $116,702,524,208
1978 $2,733,183,857 $103,821,687,919
1977 $4,104,509,583 $74,237,819,014
1976 $3,591,319,857 $69,508,364,538
1975 $3,791,298,146 $66,452,559,176
1974 $3,574,586,466 $57,963,469,607
1973 $2,875,625,000 $50,296,651,921
1972 $2,553,936,348 $37,399,508,287
1971 $2,369,308,600 $30,492,832,676
1970 $2,296,470,588 $25,374,750,743
1969 $1,965,546,218 $22,780,211,812
1968 $1,801,344,538 $21,024,203,656
1967 $1,859,465,021 $19,689,329,510
1966 $1,751,470,588 $18,290,928,227
1965 $1,698,319,328 $17,033,079,428
1964 $1,309,747,899 $16,071,715,835
1963 $1,240,672,269 $14,499,109,270
1962 $1,434,156,379 $13,185,384,691
1961 $1,444,327,731 $11,889,851,950
1960 $1,409,873,950 $10,569,129,806

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/sri-lanka/switzerland | CC BY

GDP per capita in Sri Lanka vs Switzerland by year

Sri Lanka
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Switzerland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Sri Lanka Switzerland
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $5,002 - $114,769 -
2024 $4,545 $15,633 $107,702 $96,498
2023 $3,815 $14,456 $104,450 $95,142
2022 $3,343 $14,194 $97,809 $94,421
2021 $3,997 $14,316 $96,583 $81,001
2020 $3,848 $12,941 $87,530 $72,998
2019 $4,082 $14,113 $85,873 $73,732
2018 $4,359 $14,178 $87,002 $70,689
2017 $4,399 $13,610 $83,610 $68,194
2016 $4,149 $13,079 $83,432 $67,351
2015 $4,058 $12,227 $85,265 $65,265
2014 $3,972 $11,721 $90,512 $63,417
2013 $3,739 $11,253 $88,851 $61,656
2012 $3,328 $10,249 $87,270 $59,441
2011 $3,225 $9,076 $91,910 $57,494
2010 $2,808 $8,234 $77,956 $54,426
2009 $2,027 $7,576 $72,788 $52,999
2008 $1,974 $7,317 $75,148 $53,809
2007 $1,579 $6,820 $66,082 $50,928
2006 $1,389 $6,261 $59,910 $46,266
2005 $1,207 $5,679 $57,080 $41,525
2004 $1,029 $5,216 $55,350 $40,171
2003 $946 $4,850 $49,947 $38,732
2002 $835 $4,522 $43,094 $38,705
2001 $804 $4,328 $40,134 $37,819
2000 $860 $4,368 $39,298 $36,703
1999 $829 $4,103 $42,261 $34,743
1998 $848 $3,952 $43,166 $33,860
1997 $827 $3,804 $42,160 $32,736
1996 $776 $3,582 $48,838 $31,509
1995 $742 $3,454 $50,869 $30,842
1994 $678 $3,260 $43,741 $30,265
1993 $607 $3,067 $39,828 $29,495
1992 $580 $2,851 $41,327 $29,113
1991 $546 $2,713 $40,140 $28,792
1990 $491 $2,527 $40,171 $28,461
1989 $430 - $31,780 -
1988 $434 - $33,183 -
1987 $420 - $30,899 -
1986 $407 - $24,828 -
1985 $385 - $17,411 -
1984 $391 - $17,247 -
1983 $336 - $18,128 -
1982 $312 - $18,271 -
1981 $292.5 - $17,931 -
1980 $271.1 - $19,686 -
1979 $230.8 - $18,541 -
1978 $191 - $16,528 -
1977 $292.1 - $11,819 -
1976 $260.3 - $11,029 -
1975 $279.8 - $10,484 -
1974 $268.7 - $9,140 -
1973 $220.2 - $7,974 -
1972 $199.4 - $5,973 -
1971 $188.8 - $4,908 -
1970 $186.9 - $4,105 -
1969 $163.6 - $3,712 -
1968 $153.5 - $3,465 -
1967 $162.3 - $3,286 -
1966 $156.6 - $3,091 -
1965 $155.6 - $2,908 -
1964 $122.9 - $2,776 -
1963 $119.4 - $2,546 -
1962 $141.4 - $2,366 -
1961 $145.9 - $2,188 -
1960 $145.9 - $1,984 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/sri-lanka/switzerland | CC BY

Sri Lanka's GDP per capita is $5,002, ranking 124/197, compared to $114,769 in Switzerland, ranking 5/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Sri Lanka ranks 111th at $15,633, while Switzerland ranks 8th at $96,498.

Economic indicators

Sri Lanka Switzerland
Gross domestic product
$109B
2025
$1.04T
2025
GDP rank
71/197
2025
20/197
2025
GDP growth
4.95%
2024-2025
1.3%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$5,002
2025
$114,769
2025
GDP per capita rank
124/197
2025
5/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$15,633
2024
$96,498
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
111/197
2024
8/197
2024
Government debt
$100B
2024
$411B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
100.8%
2024
39.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$4,584
2024
$45,239
2025
Government debt per person rank
90/185
2024
12/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,830
2026
$89,347
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$26.1B
2025
$2.51T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
944,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
45
2026
Income share by richest 10%
30.8%
2019
26.6%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
3.1%
2019
2.9%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
19.1%
2024
31.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
-4.76%
2024-2025
0.15%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
7.75%
2025
0%
2025
Unemployment rate
4.32%
2024
4.84%
2025
Population
21926160
9155878

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Sri Lanka
Spending

Debt
Switzerland
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Sri Lanka Switzerland
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 - - 31.2% 39.4%
2024 19.1% 100.8% 31.3% 40.5%
2023 19.5% 110.4% 30.9% 37.3%
2022 18.6% 115.9% 30.5% 35.9%
2021 20% 102.7% 33.4% 39.7%
2020 22.1% 96.9% 36.3% 42.4%
2019 19.5% 82.6% 31.3% 38.8%
2018 17.5% 83.6% 31.1% 39%
2017 17.9% 72.3% 31.9% 41.1%
2016 18.2% 75% 31.9% 40.3%
2015 19.3% 76.3% 31.9% 41.4%
2014 17.2% 69.6% 31.5% 41.2%
2013 16.6% 69.5% 32% 41.2%
2012 17.3% 67.5% 31.1% 41.9%
2011 19.1% 69.4% 31% 41.2%
2010 19.3% 68.7% 30.9% 40.7%
2009 21% 72.8% 31.2% 42.4%
2008 19.1% 68.8% 29.6% 44.2%
2007 19.9% 71.8% 29% 44%
2006 20.5% 74.3% 30.1% 47.7%
2005 20.1% 76.6% 31.9% 54.1%
2004 19.3% 86.5% 32.6% 57.1%
2003 19.3% 86.5% 32.8% 56.2%
2002 20.8% 96.3% 33.6% 56.9%
2001 22.4% 84.4% 31.2% 50.5%
2000 21.7% 79.2% 31.9% 51.7%
1999 20.5% 77.7% 32.8% 52%
1998 21.4% 74.2% 32.3% 55.3%
1997 21.4% 70.1% 32.5% 52.9%
1996 23.1% 76.2% 32.5% 50.6%
1995 24.8% 77.8% 32% 49.3%
1994 24.1% 77.9% 32% 46.4%
1993 23.2% 79.2% 31.9% 43.7%
1992 23% 77.9% 30.8% 38.9%
1991 26.4% 80.5% 29% 34.6%
1990 25.4% 78.9% 27.2% 32.8%
1989 - - 30% 32.5%
1988 - - 30.3% 35%
1987 - - 29.8% 36.5%
1986 - - 29.8% 37.6%
1985 - - 30.1% 39.1%
1984 - - 30.4% 39.8%
1983 - - 31.2% 40.2%
1982 - - 30.5% 40%
1981 - - 29.4% 40.8%
1980 - - 29.9% 43.9%
1979 - - 30.5% 44.6%
1978 - - 30.4% 46.6%
1977 - - 31% 46.9%
1976 - - 31.6% 46.7%
1975 - - 29.3% 42.3%
1974 - - 27.5% 38.4%
1973 - - 26.5% 37%
1972 - - 25.7% 38%
1971 - - 25.4% 38.7%
1970 - - 25.8% 38.9%
1969 - - 9.45% 7.08%
1968 - - 8.87% 6.99%
1967 - - 8.68% 7.26%
1966 - - 8.95% 7.62%
1965 - - 8.33% 8.28%
1964 - - 8.85% 9.43%
1963 - - 8.2% 10.8%
1962 - - 8.1% 12%
1961 - - 7.97% 14%
1960 - - 7.11% 16.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/sri-lanka/switzerland | CC BY

In 2025, Sri Lanka's government spending was $19B, accounting for 19.1% of its GDP, while Switzerland spent $326B, or 31.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 100.8% in Sri Lanka and 39.4% in Switzerland, ranking 24/185 and 136/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Sri Lanka

Switzerland
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Sri Lanka Switzerland
2025 - 0.45%
2024 -5.43% 0.53%
2023 -8.32% 0.12%
2022 -10.2% 1.15%
2021 -11.7% -0.28%
2020 -13.4% -2.96%
2019 -7.52% 1.31%
2018 -4.96% 1.26%
2017 -5.1% 1.11%
2016 -5% 0.23%
2015 -6.64% 0.54%
2014 -5.99% -0.24%
2013 -5% -0.42%
2012 -5.44% 0.23%
2011 -6.01% 0.67%
2010 -6.73% 0.35%
2009 -8.33% 0.49%
2008 -5.93% 1.91%
2007 -5.81% 1.55%
2006 -5.91% 0.83%
2005 -5.93% -0.64%
2004 -6.32% -1.37%
2003 -6.15% -1.34%
2002 -6.9% -1.72%
2001 -8.48% 0.2%
2000 -7.78% 0.28%
1999 -5.58% -1.55%
1998 -6.79% -1.29%
1997 -5.71% -2.3%
1996 -6.89% -1.98%
1995 -7.11% -1.83%
1994 -7.41% -2.55%
1993 -5.77% -3.1%
1992 -4.95% -2.92%
1991 -7.97% -1.82%
1990 -6.39% -0.05%
1989 - 0.2%
1988 - 0.42%
1987 - 0.78%
1986 - 0.93%
1985 - -0.25%
1984 - -0.52%
1983 - -1.23%
1982 - -1.21%
1981 - -0.54%
1980 - -1.34%
1979 - -1.79%
1978 - -1.12%
1977 - -1.64%
1976 - -1.89%
1975 - -0.93%
1974 - -1.01%
1973 - -0.93%
1972 - -1.39%
1971 - -1.41%
1970 - -1.44%
1969 - -0.98%
1968 - -0.73%
1967 - -1.07%
1966 - -0.87%
1965 - 0.05%
1964 - 0.77%
1963 - 0.25%
1962 - 0.95%
1961 - 0.34%
1960 - 1.95%
1959 - 0.72%
1958 - 0.59%
1957 - 0.66%
1956 - 2.24%
1955 - 1.1%
1954 - 1.44%
1953 - 0.38%
1952 - -1.17%
1951 - -0.36%
1950 - 1.49%
1949 - 0.04%
1948 - 1.37%
1947 - 1.27%
1946 - 0.52%
1945 - -7.57%
1944 - -9.37%
1943 - -8.55%
1942 - -7.28%
1941 - -8.78%
1940 - -10%
1939 - -5.05%
1938 - -1.53%
1937 - -0.17%
1936 - -0.33%
1935 - -0.23%
1934 - -0.33%
1933 - -0.88%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.03%
1930 - 0.07%
1929 - 0.22%
1928 - -
1927 - -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -0.12%
1912 - 0.03%
1911 - -0.006%
1910 - -0.14%
1909 - -0.78%
1908 - -0.1%
1907 - -0.02%
1906 - 0.15%
1905 - 0.41%
1904 - 0.002%
1903 - 0.09%
1902 - 0.02%
1901 - -0.14%
1900 - -0.07%
1899 - 0.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/sri-lanka/switzerland | CC BY

In 2024, Sri Lanka's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $5.4B, equivalent to 5.43% of GDP. This compares to Switzerland's surplus of $5.13B, or 0.53% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Sri Lanka recorded a fiscal deficit in 35 of those years, while Switzerland ran a deficit in 18 years. On average, Sri Lanka posted an annual deficit equal to 6.84% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.45% of GDP for Switzerland.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Sri Lanka

Switzerland
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Sri Lanka Switzerland
2025 -4.76% 0.15%
2024 -0.43% 1.06%
2023 16.5% 2.14%
2022 49.7% 2.84%
2021 7.01% 0.58%
2020 6.15% -0.73%
2019 3.53% 0.36%
2018 2.14% 0.94%
2017 7.7% 0.53%
2016 3.96% -0.43%
2015 3.77% -1.14%
2014 3.18% -0.01%
2013 6.91% -0.22%
2012 7.54% -0.69%
2011 6.72% 0.23%
2010 6.22% 0.69%
2009 3.46% -0.48%
2008 22.6% 2.43%
2007 15.8% 0.73%
2006 10% 1.06%
2005 11.6% 1.17%
2004 7.58% 0.8%
2003 6.31% 0.64%
2002 9.55% 0.64%
2001 14.2% 0.99%
2000 6.18% 1.56%
1999 4.69% 0.81%
1998 9.36% 0.02%
1997 9.57% 0.52%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/sri-lanka/switzerland | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Sri Lanka has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 8.86%, compared with 0.59% in Switzerland. In 2025, inflation was -4.76% in Sri Lanka and 0.15% in Switzerland.

Top exports between countries

Sri Lanka
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $78.2M
Machinery & equipment $57.6M
Textiles & consumer goods $8.16M
Animal & marine products $7.38M
Raw agricultural goods $6.47M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.79M
Miscellaneous $1.24M
Raw materials & minerals $506K
Chemicals & pharma $442K
Wood & paper products $49K
Switzerland
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $36.7M
Chemicals & pharma $21.3M
Precious metals & jewellery $12.8M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.74M
Metals $2.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $788K
Wood & paper products $612K
Raw materials & minerals $416K
Miscellaneous $94K
Animal & marine products $31K

Balance of trade

Sri Lanka Switzerland
Current account balance
$1.21B
2024
$72.9B
2025
Current account balance ranking
49/190
2024
11/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.21%
2024
+6.98%
2025
Goods imports
$18.8B
2024
$508B
2025
Goods exports
$12.8B
2024
$617B
2025
Service imports
$3.48B
2024
$214B
2025
Service exports
$6.91B
2024
$195B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.8%
2025
69.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
19%
2025
78.1%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Sri Lanka Switzerland
Economic freedom 50.3 83.7
Economic freedom ranking 162/197 2/197
Property rights 47.3 94.4
Government integrity 37.3 93.3
Judicial effectiveness 47.2 98.3
Tax burden 77 70.9
Government spending 89 69.5
Fiscal health 0 97.2
Business freedom 60.1 86.3
Labor freedom 54.3 60
Monetary freedom 65.9 82.3
Trade freedom 65.6 87
Investment freedom 30 85
Financial freedom 30 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Sri Lanka
Switzerland
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Sri Lanka Switzerland
2026 50.3 83.7
2025 49.4 83.7
2024 49.2 83
2023 52.2 83.8
2022 53.3 84.2
2021 55.7 81.9
2020 57.4 82
2019 56.4 81.9
2018 57.8 81.7
2017 57.4 81.5
2016 59.9 81
2015 58.6 80.5
2014 60 81.6
2013 60.7 81
2012 58.3 81.1
2011 57.1 81.9
2010 54.6 81.1
2009 56 79.4
2008 58.4 79.5
2007 59.4 78
2006 58.7 78.9
2005 61 79.3
2004 61.6 79.5
2003 62.5 79
2002 64 79.3
2001 66 76
2000 63.2 76.8
1999 64 79.1
1998 64.6 79
1997 65.5 78.6
1996 62.5 76.8
1995 60.6 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/sri-lanka/switzerland | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Sri Lanka is 50.3, ranking 162/197, compared to 83.7 for Switzerland, ranking 2/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Sri Lanka Switzerland
Services, % of GDP
54.6%
2025
71.7%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
25.4%
2025
25%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
8.36%
2025
0.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$102B
2025
$1T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$16,750
2025
$101,690
2025
Total reserves including gold
$6.09B
2024
$1.08T
2025
Total reserves ranking
96/177
2024
4/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$651M
2024
$37.6B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$761M
2024
-$108B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$110M
2024
-$27.9B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
4.96%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.3%
2019
15.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
29.6%
2025
29.5%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/sri-lanka/switzerland | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.