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Economy of Dominican Republic vs Switzerland compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

The Dominican Republic has a GDP of $124B compared to $937B for Switzerland, ranking 63/197 and 20/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Dominican Republic has $73.1B in government debt (58.8% of GDP), compared to $351B (37.5% of GDP) in Switzerland.

Dominican Republic vs Switzerland GDP by year

Dominican Republic
Switzerland
1x
Year GDP, current $
Dominican Republic Switzerland
2024 $124,282,245,639 $936,564,198,049
2023 $120,456,239,154 $894,424,821,645
2022 $113,478,087,135 $828,508,926,958
2021 $94,850,719,517 $815,309,330,987
2020 $78,546,672,407 $741,999,406,006
2019 $89,146,130,745 $721,369,112,727
2018 $84,994,732,049 $725,568,717,468
2017 $79,070,274,743 $695,200,833,086
2016 $75,552,902,636 $687,895,460,903
2015 $70,966,782,572 $694,118,186,380
2014 $67,014,329,100 $726,537,808,338
2013 $62,555,417,415 $706,234,937,371
2012 $60,561,635,556 $686,420,221,558
2011 $57,948,261,616 $715,888,126,682
2010 $53,801,053,353 $598,851,028,907
2009 $48,223,781,477 $554,212,916,092
2008 $48,091,433,554 $567,267,767,519
2007 $43,965,458,509 $490,740,715,595
2006 $37,879,830,084 $441,634,672,197
2005 $35,777,560,684 $418,284,865,885
2004 $22,322,387,382 $403,912,891,033
2003 $21,403,167,848 $362,075,086,508
2002 $27,137,440,786 $309,301,422,430
2001 $25,601,823,688 $286,582,672,434
2000 $24,305,780,629 $279,216,033,870
1999 $22,136,579,397 $297,873,643,323
1998 $21,672,215,547 $303,459,014,347
1997 $20,017,450,041 $294,788,198,856
1996 $18,241,622,548 $340,103,959,547
1995 $16,637,370,839 $352,835,806,342
1994 $14,644,734,599 $301,375,055,202
1993 $13,081,042,400 $272,237,527,071
1992 $11,605,382,504 $279,921,425,828
1991 $9,824,483,340 $268,901,693,863
1990 $7,073,675,545 $265,763,573,999
1989 $6,686,593,060 $208,105,846,934
1988 $5,374,299,981 $215,540,625,299
1987 $5,827,050,753 $199,236,370,038
1986 $6,122,128,558 $159,089,921,063
1985 $5,044,579,979 $110,980,314,192
1984 $11,594,000,000 $109,455,312,168
1983 $9,220,600,000 $114,634,358,535
1982 $8,267,400,000 $115,043,365,512
1981 $7,561,300,000 $112,244,805,519
1980 $6,761,300,000 $122,557,843,886
1979 $5,498,800,000 $114,970,094,425
1978 $4,734,400,000 $102,280,472,036
1977 $4,587,100,000 $73,135,771,167
1976 $3,951,500,000 $68,476,524,644
1975 $3,599,200,000 $65,466,081,819
1974 $2,925,700,000 $57,103,011,446
1973 $2,344,800,000 $49,550,006,320
1972 $1,987,400,000 $36,844,318,854
1971 $1,666,500,000 $30,040,171,751
1970 $1,485,500,000 $24,998,066,773
1969 $1,230,500,000 $22,442,043,274
1968 $1,079,100,000 $20,712,102,794
1967 $1,034,800,000 $19,397,044,714
1966 $983,900,000 $18,019,402,374
1965 $888,100,000 $16,780,226,225
1964 $1,025,599,900 $15,833,133,858
1963 $940,799,900 $14,283,872,299
1962 $824,100,000 $12,989,649,694
1961 $654,100,200 $11,713,348,834
1960 $672,399,700 $10,412,232,621

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/switzerland | CC BY

GDP per capita in Dominican Republic vs Switzerland by year

Dominican Republic
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Switzerland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Dominican Republic Switzerland
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $10,876 $27,542 $103,998 $96,498
2023 $10,630 $25,840 $100,624 $95,142
2022 $10,104 $24,626 $94,395 $94,421
2021 $8,527 $22,053 $93,665 $81,001
2020 $7,135 $18,998 $85,898 $72,998
2019 $8,183 $19,767 $84,122 $73,732
2018 $7,883 $17,995 $85,217 $70,689
2017 $7,413 $16,846 $82,254 $68,194
2016 $7,160 $16,282 $82,153 $67,351
2015 $6,801 $14,804 $83,806 $65,265
2014 $6,496 $13,465 $88,725 $63,417
2013 $6,137 $12,414 $87,304 $61,656
2012 $6,014 $11,777 $85,836 $59,441
2011 $5,827 $11,695 $90,477 $57,494
2010 $5,479 $11,246 $76,531 $54,426
2009 $4,974 $10,382 $71,568 $52,999
2008 $5,024 $10,346 $74,175 $53,809
2007 $4,650 $9,951 $64,989 $50,928
2006 $4,055 $9,130 $59,011 $46,266
2005 $3,878 $8,215 $56,243 $41,525
2004 $2,452 $7,375 $54,659 $40,171
2003 $2,383 $7,098 $49,336 $38,732
2002 $3,066 $7,158 $42,459 $38,705
2001 $2,936 $6,848 $39,639 $37,819
2000 $2,831 $6,639 $38,865 $36,703
1999 $2,621 $6,305 $41,696 $34,743
1998 $2,608 $5,963 $42,681 $33,860
1997 $2,449 $5,618 $41,584 $32,736
1996 $2,271 $5,161 $48,093 $31,509
1995 $2,109 $4,871 $50,114 $30,842
1994 $1,892 $4,599 $43,092 $30,265
1993 $1,722 $4,474 $39,237 $29,495
1992 $1,558 $4,151 $40,714 $29,113
1991 $1,346 $3,722 $39,544 $28,792
1990 $989 $3,641 $39,575 $28,461
1989 $955 - $31,309 -
1988 $784 - $32,690 -
1987 $868 - $30,441 -
1986 $932 - $24,460 -
1985 $784 - $17,152 -
1984 $1,844 - $16,991 -
1983 $1,500 - $17,859 -
1982 $1,376 - $18,000 -
1981 $1,288 - $17,665 -
1980 $1,180 - $19,394 -
1979 $984 - $18,266 -
1978 $868 - $16,282 -
1977 $863 - $11,644 -
1976 $763 - $10,865 -
1975 $713 - $10,328 -
1974 $595 - $9,005 -
1973 $490 - $7,856 -
1972 $427 - $5,885 -
1971 $368 - $4,835 -
1970 $338 - $4,044 -
1969 $287.7 - $3,657 -
1968 $259.6 - $3,413 -
1967 $256.2 - $3,237 -
1966 $250.9 - $3,045 -
1965 $233.2 - $2,865 -
1964 $277.3 - $2,735 -
1963 $262.2 - $2,508 -
1962 $236.8 - $2,330 -
1961 $193.9 - $2,155 -
1960 $205.7 - $1,954 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/switzerland | CC BY

The Dominican Republic's GDP per capita is $10,876, ranking 83/197, compared to $103,998 in Switzerland, ranking 5/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Dominican Republic ranks 76th at $27,542, while Switzerland ranks 8th at $96,498.

Economic indicators

Dominican Republic Switzerland
Gross domestic product
$124B
2024
$937B
2024
GDP rank
63/197
2024
20/197
2024
GDP growth
4.95%
2023-2024
1.3%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,876
2024
$103,998
2024
GDP per capita rank
83/197
2024
5/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$27,542
2024
$96,498
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
76/197
2024
8/197
2024
Government debt
$73.1B
2024
$351B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
58.8%
2024
37.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$6,394
2024
$39,021
2024
Government debt per person rank
71/185
2024
15/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,547
2026
$85,867
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$1.97T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
1,119,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
42
2025
Income share by richest 10%
29.5%
2024
26.6%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2024
2.9%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
19.5%
2024
31.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.3%
2023-2024
1.06%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
5.5%
2025
0%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.31%
2024
4.34%
2024
Population
11637906
9107866

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Dominican Republic
Spending

Debt
Switzerland
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Dominican Republic Switzerland
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 19.5% 58.8% 31.9% 37.5%
2023 19.1% 60.5% 32.1% 38.7%
2022 18.5% 59.6% 31.6% 37.2%
2021 18.4% 62.8% 34.4% 41%
2020 22.2% 71.8% 37% 43.2%
2019 17.8% 53.5% 32% 39.6%
2018 16.5% 50.8% 31.7% 39.8%
2017 17.3% 49.5% 32.4% 41.8%
2016 17% 46.7% 32.4% 40.9%
2015 16.7% 44.8% 32.5% 42.2%
2014 17% 45% 32.2% 42.1%
2013 18.5% 46.8% 32.5% 41.9%
2012 19.8% 42.4% 31.7% 42.6%
2011 16% 39.1% 31.4% 41.9%
2010 16.1% 37.4% 31.4% 41.5%
2009 16.2% 36.8% 31.8% 43.1%
2008 18.5% 33.6% 30% 44.8%
2007 16.3% 32.9% 29.4% 44.8%
2006 17% 36% 30.5% 48.5%
2005 15.5% 38.3% 32.4% 54.9%
2004 17.3% 34.3% 33.1% 57.8%
2003 17.2% 48.2% 33.2% 56.9%
2002 16.5% 21.5% 34.1% 57.7%
2001 14.9% 20.4% 31.6% 51.1%
2000 14.1% 16.7% 32.2% 52.2%
1999 13.4% 16% 33.2% 52.7%
1998 12.6% 13.2% 32.7% 55.9%
1997 13.2% 13.8% 32.9% 53.7%
1996 11.4% 23% 33% 51.3%
1995 11% 25.7% 32.4% 50%
1994 12.1% 28.5% 32.5% 47.1%
1993 13% 36.1% 32.5% 44.4%
1992 10.4% 38.5% 31.3% 39.5%
1991 8.65% 47.3% 29.5% 35.1%
1990 9.1% 84.7% 27.6% 33.3%
1989 11.3% 62.5% 30% 32.5%
1988 12.8% 77% 30.3% 35%
1987 11.2% 86.9% 29.8% 36.5%
1986 10.4% 63.8% 29.8% 37.6%
1985 9.8% 66.3% 30.1% 39.1%
1984 9.32% 28.9% 30.4% 39.8%
1983 10.2% 32.9% 31.2% 40.2%
1982 10.2% 33.1% 30.5% 40%
1981 12.1% 29.8% 29.4% 40.8%
1980 12.8% 15.2% 29.9% 43.9%
1979 13.8% 24% 30.5% 44.6%
1978 12.3% 20.9% 30.4% 46.6%
1977 11.4% 16.4% 31% 46.9%
1976 12.5% 15.6% 31.6% 46.7%
1975 13.7% 13.1% 29.3% 42.3%
1974 14.6% 14.6% 27.5% 38.4%
1973 13.7% 14.6% 26.5% 37%
1972 14.1% 16.4% 25.7% 38%
1971 13.8% 17.8% 25.4% 38.7%
1970 13.3% 18% 25.8% 38.9%
1969 15.5% 17.4% 9.45% 7.08%
1968 15.5% 18.1% 8.87% 6.99%
1967 15% 16.2% 8.68% 7.26%
1966 15.2% 14.5% 8.95% 7.62%
1965 12.8% - 8.33% 8.28%
1964 16.7% - 8.85% 9.43%
1963 15.1% - 8.2% 10.8%
1962 15.7% - 8.1% 12%
1961 20% - 7.97% 14%
1960 20.1% - 7.11% 16.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/switzerland | CC BY

In 2024, the Dominican Republic's government spending was $24.2B, accounting for 19.5% of its GDP, while Switzerland spent $299B, or 31.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 58.8% in the Dominican Republic and 37.5% in Switzerland, ranking 83/185 and 141/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Dominican Republic

Switzerland
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Dominican Republic Switzerland
2024 -3.09% 0.58%
2023 -3.28% 0.12%
2022 -3.25% 1.19%
2021 -2.92% -0.29%
2020 -7.94% -3.01%
2019 -3.46% 1.34%
2018 -2.17% 1.29%
2017 -3.12% 1.13%
2016 -3.11% 0.24%
2015 -0.03% 0.55%
2014 -2.76% -0.25%
2013 -4.41% -0.43%
2012 -6.26% 0.24%
2011 -3.07% 0.68%
2010 -2.97% 0.35%
2009 -2.9% 0.5%
2008 -3.43% 1.93%
2007 0.28% 1.57%
2006 -1.69% 0.85%
2005 -0.71% -0.65%
2004 -3.6% -1.39%
2003 -4.24% -1.36%
2002 -2.28% -1.75%
2001 -0.73% 0.21%
2000 -0.86% 0.28%
1999 -0.79% -1.57%
1998 -0.29% -1.31%
1997 -0.64% -2.33%
1996 0.14% -2.01%
1995 0.82% -1.86%
1994 -0.39% -2.59%
1993 -0.16% -3.15%
1992 2.35% -2.96%
1991 0.11% -1.85%
1990 0.39% -0.05%
1989 -0.09% 0.2%
1988 -1.68% 0.42%
1987 -0.75% 0.78%
1986 -0.57% 0.93%
1985 -1.27% -0.25%
1984 -0.95% -0.52%
1983 -1.74% -1.23%
1982 -2.4% -1.21%
1981 -1.92% -0.54%
1980 -1.82% -1.34%
1979 -3.26% -1.79%
1978 -0.82% -1.12%
1977 0.15% -1.64%
1976 -0.22% -1.89%
1975 1.37% -0.93%
1974 -0.93% -1.01%
1973 -0.53% -0.93%
1972 -1.73% -1.39%
1971 -0.85% -1.41%
1970 -0.68% -1.44%
1969 -0.99% -0.98%
1968 -0.99% -0.73%
1967 -1.68% -1.07%
1966 -2.14% -0.87%
1965 -1.84% 0.05%
1964 -1.36% 0.77%
1963 -0.39% 0.25%
1962 -1.17% 0.95%
1961 -3% 0.34%
1960 -0.61% 1.95%
1959 -0.29% 0.72%
1958 -1.29% 0.59%
1957 0.21% 0.66%
1956 -0.05% 2.24%
1955 1.47% 1.1%
1954 1.43% 1.44%
1953 2.79% 0.38%
1952 0% -1.17%
1951 -2.58% -0.36%
1950 -3.66% 1.49%
1949 - 0.04%
1948 - 1.37%
1947 - 1.27%
1946 - 0.52%
1945 - -7.57%
1944 - -9.37%
1943 - -8.55%
1942 - -7.28%
1941 - -8.78%
1940 - -10%
1939 - -5.05%
1938 - -1.53%
1937 - -0.17%
1936 - -0.33%
1935 - -0.23%
1934 - -0.33%
1933 - -0.88%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.03%
1930 - 0.07%
1929 - 0.22%
1928 - -
1927 - -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -0.12%
1912 - 0.03%
1911 - -0.006%
1910 - -0.14%
1909 - -0.78%
1908 - -0.1%
1907 - -0.02%
1906 - 0.15%
1905 - 0.41%
1904 - 0.002%
1903 - 0.09%
1902 - 0.02%
1901 - -0.14%
1900 - -0.07%
1899 - 0.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/switzerland | CC BY

In 2024, the Dominican Republic's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3.84B, equivalent to 3.09% of GDP. This compares to Switzerland's surplus of $5.4B, or 0.58% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, the Dominican Republic recorded a fiscal deficit in 57 of those years, while Switzerland ran a deficit in 38 years. On average, the Dominican Republic posted an annual deficit equal to 1.62% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.48% of GDP for Switzerland.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Dominican Republic

Switzerland
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Dominican Republic Switzerland
2024 3.3% 1.06%
2023 4.79% 2.14%
2022 8.81% 2.84%
2021 8.24% 0.58%
2020 3.78% -0.73%
2019 1.81% 0.36%
2018 3.56% 0.94%
2017 3.28% 0.53%
2016 1.61% -0.43%
2015 0.84% -1.14%
2014 3% -0.01%
2013 4.83% -0.22%
2012 3.69% -0.69%
2011 5.8% 0.23%
2010 6.33% 0.69%
2009 1.44% -0.48%
2008 10.6% 2.43%
2007 6.14% 0.73%
2006 7.57% 1.06%
2005 4.19% 1.17%
2004 51.5% 0.8%
2003 27.4% 0.64%
2002 5.22% 0.64%
2001 8.88% 0.99%
2000 7.72% 1.56%
1999 6.47% 0.81%
1998 4.83% 0.02%
1997 8.3% 0.52%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/switzerland | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, the Dominican Republic has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 7.64%, compared with 0.61% in Switzerland. In 2024, inflation was 3.3% in the Dominican Republic and 1.06% in Switzerland.

Top exports between countries

Dominican Republic
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $742M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5.96M
Wood & paper products $739K
Raw agricultural goods $434K
Chemicals & pharma $373K
Textiles & consumer goods $276K
Machinery & equipment $220K
Raw materials & minerals $79K
Metals $6K
Miscellaneous $3K
Switzerland
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $18.1M
Chemicals & pharma $10.1M
Precious metals & jewellery $8.91M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $7.5M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.07M
Wood & paper products $1.99M
Raw agricultural goods $911K
Metals $896K
Raw materials & minerals $453K
Miscellaneous $106K

Balance of trade

Dominican Republic Switzerland
Current account balance
-$4.17B
2024
$72B
2024
Current account balance ranking
163/190
2024
10/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.35%
2024
+7.69%
2024
Goods imports
$29.8B
2024
$371B
2024
Goods exports
$13.9B
2024
$502B
2024
Service imports
$6.34B
2024
$203B
2024
Service exports
$14.7B
2024
$186B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
29%
2024
61.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.8%
2024
72.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Dominican Republic Switzerland
Economic freedom 63.8 83.7
Economic freedom ranking 77/197 2/197
Property rights 53.9 94.4
Government integrity 39.8 93.3
Judicial effectiveness 58 98.3
Tax burden 84.4 70.9
Government spending 89.1 69.5
Fiscal health 76.6 97.2
Business freedom 71.4 86.3
Labor freedom 53.2 60
Monetary freedom 72.1 82.3
Trade freedom 67.4 87
Investment freedom 60 85
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Dominican Republic
Switzerland
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Dominican Republic Switzerland
2026 63.8 83.7
2025 64.3 83.7
2024 62.9 83
2023 62.6 83.8
2022 63 84.2
2021 62.1 81.9
2020 60.9 82
2019 61 81.9
2018 61.6 81.7
2017 62.9 81.5
2016 61 81
2015 61 80.5
2014 61.3 81.6
2013 59.7 81
2012 60.2 81.1
2011 60 81.9
2010 60.3 81.1
2009 59.2 79.4
2008 57.7 79.5
2007 56.8 78
2006 56.3 78.9
2005 55.1 79.3
2004 54.6 79.5
2003 57.8 79
2002 58.6 79.3
2001 59.1 76
2000 59 76.8
1999 58.1 79.1
1998 58.1 79
1997 53.5 78.6
1996 58.1 76.8
1995 55.8 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/switzerland | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Dominican Republic is 63.8, ranking 77/197, compared to 83.7 for Switzerland, ranking 2/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Dominican Republic Switzerland
Services, % of GDP
59.8%
2024
72%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
28.7%
2024
24.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
4.45%
2024
0.63%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$117B
2024
$857B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$26,050
2024
$93,420
2024
Total reserves including gold
$13.5B
2024
$909B
2024
Total reserves ranking
71/177
2024
4/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$4.52B
2024
$59.7B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$4.48B
2024
-$108B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$47.3M
2024
-$27.9B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.62%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
19%
2024
15.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
27%
2024
27%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.