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Economy of Bolivia vs Switzerland compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Bolivia has a GDP of $64.8B compared to $1.04T for Switzerland, ranking 88/197 and 20/197 by economy size, respectively.

Bolivia has $54.9B in government debt (84.8% of GDP), compared to $411B (39.4% of GDP) in Switzerland.

Bolivia vs Switzerland GDP by year

Bolivia
Switzerland
1x
Year GDP, current $
Bolivia Switzerland
2025 $64,768,947,525 $1,043,529,899,251
2024 $54,881,327,453 $969,919,786,395
2023 $52,340,206,946 $928,435,275,852
2022 $50,959,081,954 $858,479,038,994
2021 $47,877,892,402 $840,710,023,481
2020 $42,313,784,081 $756,096,180,222
2019 $49,056,643,589 $736,384,764,157
2018 $48,414,038,842 $740,766,531,454
2017 $45,927,439,595 $706,660,443,624
2016 $33,941,126,194 $698,607,778,795
2015 $33,000,198,249 $706,199,008,879
2014 $32,996,188,017 $741,168,119,617
2013 $30,659,338,886 $718,748,402,260
2012 $27,084,497,482 $697,882,536,677
2011 $23,963,164,697 $727,231,637,102
2010 $19,649,723,722 $609,999,593,542
2009 $17,339,992,194 $563,659,557,945
2008 $16,674,276,286 $574,703,945,157
2007 $13,120,108,008 $498,993,845,385
2006 $11,451,844,902 $448,364,681,767
2005 $9,549,122,905 $424,511,048,024
2004 $8,773,451,752 $409,012,909,530
2003 $8,082,399,640 $366,563,952,625
2002 $7,905,485,146 $313,930,961,761
2001 $8,141,516,928 $290,160,142,214
2000 $8,397,855,485 $282,327,351,966
1999 $8,285,064,435 $301,911,268,140
1998 $8,497,494,652 $306,907,741,068
1997 $7,925,736,821 $298,868,250,534
1996 $7,396,949,126 $345,373,647,249
1995 $6,715,161,732 $358,152,520,085
1994 $5,981,222,859 $305,916,331,798
1993 $5,734,699,489 $276,339,744,180
1992 $5,643,868,749 $284,139,428,246
1991 $5,343,262,457 $272,953,645,746
1990 $4,867,582,598 $269,768,238,555
1989 $4,715,973,437 $211,241,694,480
1988 $4,597,612,362 $218,788,504,066
1987 $4,347,956,338 $202,238,567,597
1986 $3,959,382,833 $161,487,171,049
1985 $5,377,276,555 $112,652,623,418
1984 $6,169,483,225 $111,104,641,869
1983 $5,422,656,823 $116,361,728,836
1982 $5,594,126,369 $116,776,899,473
1981 $5,891,598,695 $113,936,168,924
1980 $4,537,479,608 $124,404,609,417
1979 $4,421,336,383 $116,702,524,208
1978 $3,758,220,890 $103,821,687,919
1977 $3,227,436,282 $74,237,819,014
1976 $2,731,984,008 $69,508,364,538
1975 $2,404,697,651 $66,452,559,176
1974 $2,100,249,875 $57,963,469,607
1973 $1,262,968,516 $50,296,651,921
1972 $1,257,615,645 $37,399,508,287
1971 $1,095,622,896 $30,492,832,676
1970 $1,017,003,367 $25,374,750,743
1969 $929,629,630 $22,780,211,812
1968 $857,912,458 $21,024,203,656
1967 $755,808,081 $19,689,329,510
1966 $669,191,919 $18,290,928,227
1965 $604,377,104 $17,033,079,428
1964 $544,023,569 $16,071,715,835
1963 $482,828,283 $14,499,109,270
1962 $448,400,673 $13,185,384,691
1961 $410,101,010 $11,889,851,950
1960 $377,020,202 $10,569,129,806

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/switzerland | CC BY

GDP per capita in Bolivia vs Switzerland by year

Bolivia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Switzerland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Bolivia Switzerland
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $5,148 - $114,769 -
2024 $4,421 $12,878 $107,702 $96,498
2023 $4,275 $12,892 $104,450 $95,142
2022 $4,219 $12,307 $97,809 $94,421
2021 $4,011 $11,202 $96,583 $81,001
2020 $3,581 $9,581 $87,530 $72,998
2019 $4,203 $11,005 $85,873 $73,732
2018 $4,207 $10,758 $87,002 $70,689
2017 $4,048 $10,420 $83,610 $68,194
2016 $3,036 $9,242 $83,432 $67,351
2015 $2,996 $8,757 $85,265 $65,265
2014 $3,041 $8,629 $90,512 $63,417
2013 $2,870 $8,069 $88,851 $61,656
2012 $2,576 $7,184 $87,270 $59,441
2011 $2,316 $6,598 $91,910 $57,494
2010 $1,930 $6,245 $77,956 $54,426
2009 $1,731 $6,024 $72,788 $52,999
2008 $1,693 $5,890 $75,148 $53,809
2007 $1,355 $5,537 $66,082 $50,928
2006 $1,203 $5,244 $59,910 $46,266
2005 $1,020 $4,938 $57,080 $41,525
2004 $953 $4,663 $55,350 $40,171
2003 $893 $4,433 $49,947 $38,732
2002 $888 $4,304 $43,094 $38,705
2001 $930 $4,205 $40,134 $37,819
2000 $976 $4,113 $39,298 $36,703
1999 $979 $3,991 $42,261 $34,743
1998 $1,022 $3,988 $43,166 $33,860
1997 $970 $3,822 $42,160 $32,736
1996 $922 $3,645 $48,838 $31,509
1995 $853 $3,494 $50,869 $30,842
1994 $774 $3,331 $43,741 $30,265
1993 $757 $3,177 $39,828 $29,495
1992 $760 $3,036 $41,327 $29,113
1991 $734 $2,981 $40,140 $28,792
1990 $683 $2,797 $40,171 $28,461
1989 $675 - $31,780 -
1988 $673 - $33,183 -
1987 $650 - $30,899 -
1986 $604 - $24,828 -
1985 $838 - $17,411 -
1984 $982 - $17,247 -
1983 $882 - $18,128 -
1982 $930 - $18,271 -
1981 $1,001 - $17,931 -
1980 $788 - $19,686 -
1979 $785 - $18,541 -
1978 $683 - $16,528 -
1977 $600 - $11,819 -
1976 $520 - $11,029 -
1975 $468 - $10,484 -
1974 $418 - $9,140 -
1973 $257.2 - $7,974 -
1972 $261.9 - $5,973 -
1971 $233.4 - $4,908 -
1970 $221.6 - $4,105 -
1969 $207.1 - $3,712 -
1968 $195.5 - $3,465 -
1967 $176.1 - $3,286 -
1966 $159.3 - $3,091 -
1965 $147.1 - $2,908 -
1964 $135.2 - $2,776 -
1963 $122.6 - $2,546 -
1962 $116.2 - $2,366 -
1961 $108.5 - $2,188 -
1960 $101.8 - $1,984 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/switzerland | CC BY

Bolivia's GDP per capita is $5,148, ranking 121/197, compared to $114,769 in Switzerland, ranking 5/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Bolivia ranks 122nd at $12,878, while Switzerland ranks 8th at $96,498.

Economic indicators

Bolivia Switzerland
Gross domestic product
$64.8B
2025
$1.04T
2025
GDP rank
88/197
2025
20/197
2025
GDP growth
-1.58%
2024-2025
1.3%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$5,148
2025
$114,769
2025
GDP per capita rank
121/197
2025
5/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$12,878
2024
$96,498
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
122/197
2024
8/197
2024
Government debt
$54.9B
2025
$411B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
84.8%
2025
39.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$4,364
2025
$45,239
2025
Government debt per person rank
93/185
2025
12/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,410
2026
$89,347
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$2.51T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
944,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
45
2026
Income share by richest 10%
30.6%
2024
26.6%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
1.9%
2024
2.9%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
32.2%
2025
31.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
19.5%
2024-2025
0.15%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
3.26%
2025
0%
2025
Unemployment rate
2.73%
2024
4.84%
2025
Population
12837312
9155878

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Bolivia
Spending

Debt
Switzerland
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Bolivia Switzerland
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 32.2% 84.8% 31.2% 39.4%
2024 33.5% 83.2% 31.3% 40.5%
2023 33.5% 78.3% 30.9% 37.3%
2022 31.2% 69.2% 30.5% 35.9%
2021 29.4% 68.7% 33.4% 39.7%
2020 31.9% 67.5% 36.3% 42.4%
2019 30.1% 48.9% 31.3% 38.8%
2018 31.4% 44.2% 31.1% 39%
2017 31.6% 41.9% 31.9% 41.1%
2016 32.9% 38.2% 31.9% 40.3%
2015 37% 34% 31.9% 41.4%
2014 34.9% 31.8% 31.5% 41.2%
2013 30.4% 31% 32% 41.2%
2012 31.3% 30.7% 31.1% 41.9%
2011 30.6% 30.5% 31% 41.2%
2010 27.5% 32.8% 30.9% 40.7%
2009 28.9% 34.1% 31.2% 42.4%
2008 31.1% 32.4% 29.6% 44.2%
2007 28.9% 35.5% 29% 44%
2006 26.6% 48.6% 30.1% 47.7%
2005 29.5% 73.2% 31.9% 54.1%
2004 29% 80.6% 32.6% 57.1%
2003 28.6% 85.5% 32.8% 56.2%
2002 29.6% 77.2% 33.6% 56.9%
2001 28.6% 74.4% 31.2% 50.5%
2000 26.2% 66.5% 31.9% 51.7%
1999 26.3% 61.7% 32.8% 52%
1998 26.8% 61.2% 32.3% 55.3%
1997 25.3% 64.6% 32.5% 52.9%
1996 23.3% 72.4% 32.5% 50.6%
1995 23.1% 81.7% 32% 49.3%
1994 23.9% 87.6% 32% 46.4%
1993 24.3% 83.8% 31.9% 43.7%
1992 22.6% 92.4% 30.8% 38.9%
1991 21.6% 92.8% 29% 34.6%
1990 20.4% 102.9% 27.2% 32.8%
1989 24.4% 98% 30% 32.5%
1988 24% 115.9% 30.3% 35%
1987 24.4% 145.3% 29.8% 36.5%
1986 22.2% 149% 29.8% 37.6%
1985 21.8% 205.2% 30.1% 39.1%
1984 29% 166.5% 30.4% 39.8%
1983 32.1% 157.3% 31.2% 40.2%
1982 25% 155.4% 30.5% 40%
1981 16.6% 121.7% 29.4% 40.8%
1980 19.8% 100% 29.9% 43.9%
1979 18% 92% 30.5% 44.6%
1978 17.3% 82.5% 30.4% 46.6%
1977 18.6% 82.4% 31% 46.9%
1976 16.8% 68.9% 31.6% 46.7%
1975 14.4% 56.2% 29.3% 42.3%
1974 14.2% 52.7% 27.5% 38.4%
1973 14.1% 80.9% 26.5% 37%
1972 11.8% 77.7% 25.7% 38%
1971 11.3% 65.7% 25.4% 38.7%
1970 10% 63.9% 25.8% 38.9%
1969 12.3% - 9.45% 7.08%
1968 14.1% - 8.87% 6.99%
1967 13.1% - 8.68% 7.26%
1966 12.9% - 8.95% 7.62%
1965 12.9% - 8.33% 8.28%
1964 10.8% - 8.85% 9.43%
1963 10.8% - 8.2% 10.8%
1962 10.2% - 8.1% 12%
1961 10.7% - 7.97% 14%
1960 10.1% - 7.11% 16.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/switzerland | CC BY

In 2025, Bolivia's government spending was $20.8B, accounting for 32.2% of its GDP, while Switzerland spent $326B, or 31.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 84.8% in Bolivia and 39.4% in Switzerland, ranking 36/185 and 136/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Bolivia

Switzerland
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Bolivia Switzerland
2025 -11.6% 0.45%
2024 -8.7% 0.53%
2023 -9.46% 0.12%
2022 -6.15% 1.15%
2021 -7.87% -0.28%
2020 -11% -2.96%
2019 -6.04% 1.31%
2018 -6.8% 1.26%
2017 -6.42% 1.11%
2016 -5.95% 0.23%
2015 -5.76% 0.54%
2014 -2.88% -0.24%
2013 0.51% -0.42%
2012 1.49% 0.23%
2011 0.72% 0.67%
2010 1.42% 0.35%
2009 2.29% 0.49%
2008 3.1% 1.91%
2007 -1.37% 1.55%
2006 3.99% 0.83%
2005 -2% -0.64%
2004 -4.97% -1.37%
2003 -7.04% -1.34%
2002 -7.82% -1.72%
2001 -6.11% 0.2%
2000 -3.34% 0.28%
1999 -3.43% -1.55%
1998 -4.56% -1.29%
1997 -2.94% -2.3%
1996 -1.7% -1.98%
1995 -1.63% -1.83%
1994 -2.68% -2.55%
1993 -5.46% -3.1%
1992 -3.94% -2.92%
1991 -3.76% -1.82%
1990 -3.94% -0.05%
1989 -5.5% 0.2%
1988 -6.5% 0.42%
1987 -7.7% 0.78%
1986 -2.7% 0.93%
1985 -9.8% -0.25%
1984 -25.4% -0.52%
1983 -19.8% -1.23%
1982 -15.9% -1.21%
1981 -12.3% -0.54%
1980 -15.3% -1.34%
1979 -11.2% -1.79%
1978 -9.97% -1.12%
1977 -11.2% -1.64%
1976 -1.15% -1.89%
1975 -2.33% -0.93%
1974 -1.87% -1.01%
1973 -3.72% -0.93%
1972 -3.69% -1.39%
1971 -3.67% -1.41%
1970 -1.92% -1.44%
1969 -4.16% -0.98%
1968 -5.67% -0.73%
1967 -4.29% -1.07%
1966 -3.55% -0.87%
1965 -4.12% 0.05%
1964 -2.68% 0.77%
1963 -3.02% 0.25%
1962 -2.8% 0.95%
1961 -2.81% 0.34%
1960 -3.35% 1.95%
1959 -4.32% 0.72%
1958 -2.95% 0.59%
1957 -1.11% 0.66%
1956 -0.11% 2.24%
1955 0.33% 1.1%
1954 0.006% 1.44%
1953 -0.48% 0.38%
1952 -0.94% -1.17%
1951 -0.42% -0.36%
1950 -1.17% 1.49%
1949 - 0.04%
1948 - 1.37%
1947 - 1.27%
1946 - 0.52%
1945 - -7.57%
1944 - -9.37%
1943 - -8.55%
1942 - -7.28%
1941 - -8.78%
1940 - -10%
1939 - -5.05%
1938 - -1.53%
1937 - -0.17%
1936 - -0.33%
1935 - -0.23%
1934 - -0.33%
1933 - -0.88%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.03%
1930 - 0.07%
1929 - 0.22%
1928 - -
1927 - -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -0.12%
1912 - 0.03%
1911 - -0.006%
1910 - -0.14%
1909 - -0.78%
1908 - -0.1%
1907 - -0.02%
1906 - 0.15%
1905 - 0.41%
1904 - 0.002%
1903 - 0.09%
1902 - 0.02%
1901 - -0.14%
1900 - -0.07%
1899 - 0.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/switzerland | CC BY

In 2025, Bolivia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $7.51B, equivalent to 11.6% of GDP. This compares to Switzerland's surplus of $4.71B, or 0.45% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Bolivia recorded a fiscal deficit in 59 of those years, while Switzerland ran a deficit in 38 years. On average, Bolivia posted an annual deficit equal to 5.3% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.47% of GDP for Switzerland.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Bolivia

Switzerland
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Bolivia Switzerland
2025 19.5% 0.15%
2024 5.1% 1.06%
2023 2.58% 2.14%
2022 1.75% 2.84%
2021 0.74% 0.58%
2020 0.94% -0.73%
2019 1.84% 0.36%
2018 2.27% 0.94%
2017 2.82% 0.53%
2016 3.62% -0.43%
2015 4.06% -1.14%
2014 5.77% -0.01%
2013 5.74% -0.22%
2012 4.52% -0.69%
2011 9.88% 0.23%
2010 2.5% 0.69%
2009 3.35% -0.48%
2008 14% 2.43%
2007 8.71% 0.73%
2006 4.28% 1.06%
2005 5.39% 1.17%
2004 4.44% 0.8%
2003 3.34% 0.64%
2002 0.93% 0.64%
2001 1.59% 0.99%
2000 4.61% 1.56%
1999 2.16% 0.81%
1998 7.67% 0.02%
1997 4.71% 0.52%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/switzerland | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Bolivia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.79%, compared with 0.59% in Switzerland. In 2025, inflation was 19.5% in Bolivia and 0.15% in Switzerland.

Top exports between countries

Bolivia
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $2.58M
Raw materials & minerals $781K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $680K
Textiles & consumer goods $84K
Machinery & equipment $75K
Miscellaneous $12K
Chemicals & pharma $11K
Precious metals & jewellery $11K
Wood & paper products $2K
Metals $1K
Switzerland
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $6.37M
Precious metals & jewellery $4.56M
Chemicals & pharma $4.07M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.91M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $791K
Raw materials & minerals $137K
Metals $63K
Miscellaneous $61K
Raw agricultural goods $23K
Wood & paper products $14K

Balance of trade

Bolivia Switzerland
Current account balance
-$1.22B
2025
$72.9B
2025
Current account balance ranking
124/190
2025
11/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.88%
2025
+6.98%
2025
Goods imports
$9.23B
2025
$508B
2025
Goods exports
$9.56B
2025
$617B
2025
Service imports
$2.25B
2025
$214B
2025
Service exports
$1.21B
2025
$195B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
25.5%
2024
69.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
21.4%
2024
78.1%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Bolivia Switzerland
Economic freedom 42.4 83.7
Economic freedom ranking 184/197 2/197
Property rights 20.2 94.4
Government integrity 27.1 93.3
Judicial effectiveness 29.5 98.3
Tax burden 86.4 70.9
Government spending 56.3 69.5
Fiscal health 0.8 97.2
Business freedom 53.6 86.3
Labor freedom 52.2 60
Monetary freedom 67.1 82.3
Trade freedom 60.6 87
Investment freedom 15 85
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Bolivia
Switzerland
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Bolivia Switzerland
2026 42.4 83.7
2025 44.1 83.7
2024 43.5 83
2023 43.4 83.8
2022 43 84.2
2021 42.7 81.9
2020 42.8 82
2019 42.3 81.9
2018 44.1 81.7
2017 47.7 81.5
2016 47.4 81
2015 46.8 80.5
2014 48.4 81.6
2013 47.9 81
2012 50.2 81.1
2011 50 81.9
2010 49.4 81.1
2009 53.6 79.4
2008 53.1 79.5
2007 54.2 78
2006 57.8 78.9
2005 58.4 79.3
2004 64.5 79.5
2003 64.3 79
2002 65.1 79.3
2001 68 76
2000 65 76.8
1999 65.6 79.1
1998 68.8 79
1997 65.1 78.6
1996 65.2 76.8
1995 56.8 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/switzerland | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Bolivia is 42.4, ranking 184/197, compared to 83.7 for Switzerland, ranking 2/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Bolivia Switzerland
Services, % of GDP
53.4%
2024
71.7%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
31.3%
2024
25%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
8.83%
2024
0.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$55.6B
2025
$1T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$12,530
2025
$101,690
2025
Total reserves including gold
$580M
2025
$1.08T
2025
Total reserves ranking
155/177
2025
4/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$464M
2025
$37.6B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$358M
2024
-$108B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$133M
2024
-$27.9B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.41%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
37.7%
2024
15.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
29.5%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.