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Economy of Bolivia vs Switzerland compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Bolivia has a GDP of $54.9B compared to $937B for Switzerland, ranking 88/197 and 20/197 by economy size, respectively.

Bolivia has $53.8B in government debt (98% of GDP), compared to $351B (37.5% of GDP) in Switzerland.

Bolivia vs Switzerland GDP by year

Bolivia
Switzerland
1x
Year GDP, current $
Bolivia Switzerland
2024 $54,881,327,453 $936,564,198,049
2023 $52,340,206,946 $894,424,821,645
2022 $50,959,081,954 $828,508,926,958
2021 $47,877,892,402 $815,309,330,987
2020 $42,313,784,081 $741,999,406,006
2019 $49,056,643,589 $721,369,112,727
2018 $48,414,038,842 $725,568,717,468
2017 $45,927,439,595 $695,200,833,086
2016 $33,941,126,194 $687,895,460,903
2015 $33,000,198,249 $694,118,186,380
2014 $32,996,188,017 $726,537,808,338
2013 $30,659,338,886 $706,234,937,371
2012 $27,084,497,482 $686,420,221,558
2011 $23,963,164,697 $715,888,126,682
2010 $19,649,723,722 $598,851,028,907
2009 $17,339,992,194 $554,212,916,092
2008 $16,674,276,286 $567,267,767,519
2007 $13,120,108,008 $490,740,715,595
2006 $11,451,844,902 $441,634,672,197
2005 $9,549,122,905 $418,284,865,885
2004 $8,773,451,752 $403,912,891,033
2003 $8,082,399,640 $362,075,086,508
2002 $7,905,485,146 $309,301,422,430
2001 $8,141,516,928 $286,582,672,434
2000 $8,397,855,485 $279,216,033,870
1999 $8,285,064,435 $297,873,643,323
1998 $8,497,494,652 $303,459,014,347
1997 $7,925,736,821 $294,788,198,856
1996 $7,396,949,126 $340,103,959,547
1995 $6,715,161,732 $352,835,806,342
1994 $5,981,222,859 $301,375,055,202
1993 $5,734,699,489 $272,237,527,071
1992 $5,643,868,749 $279,921,425,828
1991 $5,343,262,457 $268,901,693,863
1990 $4,867,582,598 $265,763,573,999
1989 $4,715,973,437 $208,105,846,934
1988 $4,597,612,362 $215,540,625,299
1987 $4,347,956,338 $199,236,370,038
1986 $3,959,382,833 $159,089,921,063
1985 $5,377,276,555 $110,980,314,192
1984 $6,169,483,225 $109,455,312,168
1983 $5,422,656,823 $114,634,358,535
1982 $5,594,126,369 $115,043,365,512
1981 $5,891,598,695 $112,244,805,519
1980 $4,537,479,608 $122,557,843,886
1979 $4,421,336,383 $114,970,094,425
1978 $3,758,220,890 $102,280,472,036
1977 $3,227,436,282 $73,135,771,167
1976 $2,731,984,008 $68,476,524,644
1975 $2,404,697,651 $65,466,081,819
1974 $2,100,249,875 $57,103,011,446
1973 $1,262,968,516 $49,550,006,320
1972 $1,257,615,645 $36,844,318,854
1971 $1,095,622,896 $30,040,171,751
1970 $1,017,003,367 $24,998,066,773
1969 $929,629,630 $22,442,043,274
1968 $857,912,458 $20,712,102,794
1967 $755,808,081 $19,397,044,714
1966 $669,191,919 $18,019,402,374
1965 $604,377,104 $16,780,226,225
1964 $544,023,569 $15,833,133,858
1963 $482,828,283 $14,283,872,299
1962 $448,400,673 $12,989,649,694
1961 $410,101,010 $11,713,348,834
1960 $377,020,202 $10,412,232,621

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/switzerland | CC BY

GDP per capita in Bolivia vs Switzerland by year

Bolivia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Switzerland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Bolivia Switzerland
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $4,421 $12,878 $103,998 $96,498
2023 $4,275 $12,892 $100,624 $95,142
2022 $4,219 $12,307 $94,395 $94,421
2021 $4,011 $11,202 $93,665 $81,001
2020 $3,581 $9,581 $85,898 $72,998
2019 $4,203 $11,005 $84,122 $73,732
2018 $4,207 $10,758 $85,217 $70,689
2017 $4,048 $10,420 $82,254 $68,194
2016 $3,036 $9,242 $82,153 $67,351
2015 $2,996 $8,757 $83,806 $65,265
2014 $3,041 $8,629 $88,725 $63,417
2013 $2,870 $8,069 $87,304 $61,656
2012 $2,576 $7,184 $85,836 $59,441
2011 $2,316 $6,598 $90,477 $57,494
2010 $1,930 $6,245 $76,531 $54,426
2009 $1,731 $6,024 $71,568 $52,999
2008 $1,693 $5,890 $74,175 $53,809
2007 $1,355 $5,537 $64,989 $50,928
2006 $1,203 $5,244 $59,011 $46,266
2005 $1,020 $4,938 $56,243 $41,525
2004 $953 $4,663 $54,659 $40,171
2003 $893 $4,433 $49,336 $38,732
2002 $888 $4,304 $42,459 $38,705
2001 $930 $4,205 $39,639 $37,819
2000 $976 $4,113 $38,865 $36,703
1999 $979 $3,991 $41,696 $34,743
1998 $1,022 $3,988 $42,681 $33,860
1997 $970 $3,822 $41,584 $32,736
1996 $922 $3,645 $48,093 $31,509
1995 $853 $3,494 $50,114 $30,842
1994 $774 $3,331 $43,092 $30,265
1993 $757 $3,177 $39,237 $29,495
1992 $760 $3,036 $40,714 $29,113
1991 $734 $2,981 $39,544 $28,792
1990 $683 $2,797 $39,575 $28,461
1989 $675 - $31,309 -
1988 $673 - $32,690 -
1987 $650 - $30,441 -
1986 $604 - $24,460 -
1985 $838 - $17,152 -
1984 $982 - $16,991 -
1983 $882 - $17,859 -
1982 $930 - $18,000 -
1981 $1,001 - $17,665 -
1980 $788 - $19,394 -
1979 $785 - $18,266 -
1978 $683 - $16,282 -
1977 $600 - $11,644 -
1976 $520 - $10,865 -
1975 $468 - $10,328 -
1974 $418 - $9,005 -
1973 $257.2 - $7,856 -
1972 $261.9 - $5,885 -
1971 $233.4 - $4,835 -
1970 $221.6 - $4,044 -
1969 $207.1 - $3,657 -
1968 $195.5 - $3,413 -
1967 $176.1 - $3,237 -
1966 $159.3 - $3,045 -
1965 $147.1 - $2,865 -
1964 $135.2 - $2,735 -
1963 $122.6 - $2,508 -
1962 $116.2 - $2,330 -
1961 $108.5 - $2,155 -
1960 $101.8 - $1,954 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/switzerland | CC BY

Bolivia's GDP per capita is $4,421, ranking 125/197, compared to $103,998 in Switzerland, ranking 5/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Bolivia ranks 122nd at $12,878, while Switzerland ranks 8th at $96,498.

Economic indicators

Bolivia Switzerland
Gross domestic product
$54.9B
2024
$937B
2024
GDP rank
88/197
2024
20/197
2024
GDP growth
-1.12%
2023-2024
1.3%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$4,421
2024
$103,998
2024
GDP per capita rank
125/197
2024
5/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$12,878
2024
$96,498
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
122/197
2024
8/197
2024
Government debt
$53.8B
2024
$351B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
98%
2024
37.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$4,331
2024
$39,021
2024
Government debt per person rank
88/185
2024
15/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,720
2026
$85,867
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$1.97T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
1,119,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
42
2025
Income share by richest 10%
31.3%
2023
26.6%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
1.8%
2023
2.9%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
39.8%
2024
31.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
5.1%
2023-2024
1.06%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
3.26%
2025
0%
2025
Unemployment rate
2.73%
2024
4.34%
2024
Population
12798112
9107866

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Bolivia
Spending

Debt
Switzerland
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Bolivia Switzerland
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 39.8% 98% 31.9% 37.5%
2023 38.7% 90.8% 32.1% 38.7%
2022 36% 80.1% 31.6% 37.2%
2021 34.8% 81.4% 34.4% 41%
2020 36.8% 78% 37% 43.2%
2019 36.1% 58.6% 32% 39.6%
2018 37.7% 53.1% 31.7% 39.8%
2017 38.6% 51.3% 32.4% 41.8%
2016 40% 46.5% 32.4% 40.9%
2015 44.5% 40.9% 32.5% 42.2%
2014 41.2% 37.6% 32.2% 42.1%
2013 35.4% 36.1% 32.5% 41.9%
2012 36% 35.4% 31.7% 42.6%
2011 35.4% 35.3% 31.4% 41.9%
2010 31.5% 37.6% 31.4% 41.5%
2009 33.2% 39.2% 31.8% 43.1%
2008 35.3% 36.8% 30% 44.8%
2007 32.7% 40% 29.4% 44.8%
2006 29.8% 54.4% 30.5% 48.5%
2005 33.2% 82.2% 32.4% 54.9%
2004 32.3% 89.8% 33.1% 57.8%
2003 32% 95.6% 33.2% 56.9%
2002 33.3% 86.7% 34.1% 57.7%
2001 32% 83% 31.6% 51.1%
2000 29.3% 74.3% 32.2% 52.2%
1999 29.4% 61.7% 33.2% 52.7%
1998 30% 61.2% 32.7% 55.9%
1997 28.3% 64.6% 32.9% 53.7%
1996 26% 72.4% 33% 51.3%
1995 25.8% 81.7% 32.4% 50%
1994 26.8% 87.6% 32.5% 47.1%
1993 27.2% 83.8% 32.5% 44.4%
1992 25.3% 92.4% 31.3% 39.5%
1991 24.2% 92.8% 29.5% 35.1%
1990 22.8% 102.9% 27.6% 33.3%
1989 24.4% 98% 30% 32.5%
1988 24% 115.9% 30.3% 35%
1987 24.4% 145.3% 29.8% 36.5%
1986 22.2% 149% 29.8% 37.6%
1985 21.8% 205.2% 30.1% 39.1%
1984 29% 166.5% 30.4% 39.8%
1983 32.1% 157.3% 31.2% 40.2%
1982 25% 155.4% 30.5% 40%
1981 16.6% 121.7% 29.4% 40.8%
1980 19.8% 100% 29.9% 43.9%
1979 18% 92% 30.5% 44.6%
1978 17.3% 82.5% 30.4% 46.6%
1977 18.6% 82.4% 31% 46.9%
1976 16.8% 68.9% 31.6% 46.7%
1975 14.4% 56.2% 29.3% 42.3%
1974 14.2% 52.7% 27.5% 38.4%
1973 14.1% 80.9% 26.5% 37%
1972 11.8% 77.7% 25.7% 38%
1971 11.3% 65.7% 25.4% 38.7%
1970 10% 63.9% 25.8% 38.9%
1969 12.3% - 9.45% 7.08%
1968 14.1% - 8.87% 6.99%
1967 13.1% - 8.68% 7.26%
1966 12.9% - 8.95% 7.62%
1965 12.9% - 8.33% 8.28%
1964 10.8% - 8.85% 9.43%
1963 10.8% - 8.2% 10.8%
1962 10.2% - 8.1% 12%
1961 10.7% - 7.97% 14%
1960 10.1% - 7.11% 16.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/switzerland | CC BY

In 2024, Bolivia's government spending was $21.9B, accounting for 39.8% of its GDP, while Switzerland spent $299B, or 31.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 98% in Bolivia and 37.5% in Switzerland, ranking 26/185 and 141/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Bolivia

Switzerland
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Bolivia Switzerland
2024 -10.6% 0.58%
2023 -10.9% 0.12%
2022 -7.12% 1.19%
2021 -9.33% -0.29%
2020 -12.7% -3.01%
2019 -7.25% 1.34%
2018 -8.17% 1.29%
2017 -7.86% 1.13%
2016 -7.24% 0.24%
2015 -6.93% 0.55%
2014 -3.41% -0.25%
2013 0.6% -0.43%
2012 1.72% 0.24%
2011 0.83% 0.68%
2010 1.62% 0.35%
2009 2.63% 0.5%
2008 3.53% 1.93%
2007 -1.54% 1.57%
2006 4.47% 0.85%
2005 -2.24% -0.65%
2004 -5.54% -1.39%
2003 -7.88% -1.36%
2002 -8.79% -1.75%
2001 -6.82% 0.21%
2000 -3.73% 0.28%
1999 -3.84% -1.57%
1998 -5.1% -1.31%
1997 -3.28% -2.33%
1996 -1.9% -2.01%
1995 -1.82% -1.86%
1994 -3% -2.59%
1993 -6.1% -3.15%
1992 -4.4% -2.96%
1991 -4.2% -1.85%
1990 -4.4% -0.05%
1989 -5.5% 0.2%
1988 -6.5% 0.42%
1987 -7.7% 0.78%
1986 -2.7% 0.93%
1985 -9.8% -0.25%
1984 -25.4% -0.52%
1983 -19.8% -1.23%
1982 -15.9% -1.21%
1981 -12.3% -0.54%
1980 -15.3% -1.34%
1979 -11.2% -1.79%
1978 -9.97% -1.12%
1977 -11.2% -1.64%
1976 -1.15% -1.89%
1975 -2.33% -0.93%
1974 -1.87% -1.01%
1973 -3.72% -0.93%
1972 -3.69% -1.39%
1971 -3.67% -1.41%
1970 -1.92% -1.44%
1969 -4.16% -0.98%
1968 -5.67% -0.73%
1967 -4.29% -1.07%
1966 -3.55% -0.87%
1965 -4.12% 0.05%
1964 -2.68% 0.77%
1963 -3.02% 0.25%
1962 -2.8% 0.95%
1961 -2.81% 0.34%
1960 -3.35% 1.95%
1959 -4.32% 0.72%
1958 -2.95% 0.59%
1957 -1.11% 0.66%
1956 -0.11% 2.24%
1955 0.33% 1.1%
1954 0.006% 1.44%
1953 -0.48% 0.38%
1952 -0.94% -1.17%
1951 -0.42% -0.36%
1950 -1.17% 1.49%
1949 - 0.04%
1948 - 1.37%
1947 - 1.27%
1946 - 0.52%
1945 - -7.57%
1944 - -9.37%
1943 - -8.55%
1942 - -7.28%
1941 - -8.78%
1940 - -10%
1939 - -5.05%
1938 - -1.53%
1937 - -0.17%
1936 - -0.33%
1935 - -0.23%
1934 - -0.33%
1933 - -0.88%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.03%
1930 - 0.07%
1929 - 0.22%
1928 - -
1927 - -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -0.12%
1912 - 0.03%
1911 - -0.006%
1910 - -0.14%
1909 - -0.78%
1908 - -0.1%
1907 - -0.02%
1906 - 0.15%
1905 - 0.41%
1904 - 0.002%
1903 - 0.09%
1902 - 0.02%
1901 - -0.14%
1900 - -0.07%
1899 - 0.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/switzerland | CC BY

In 2024, Bolivia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $5.83B, equivalent to 10.6% of GDP. This compares to Switzerland's surplus of $5.4B, or 0.58% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Bolivia recorded a fiscal deficit in 58 of those years, while Switzerland ran a deficit in 38 years. On average, Bolivia posted an annual deficit equal to 5.52% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.48% of GDP for Switzerland.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Bolivia

Switzerland
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Bolivia Switzerland
2024 5.1% 1.06%
2023 2.58% 2.14%
2022 1.75% 2.84%
2021 0.74% 0.58%
2020 0.94% -0.73%
2019 1.84% 0.36%
2018 2.27% 0.94%
2017 2.82% 0.53%
2016 3.62% -0.43%
2015 4.06% -1.14%
2014 5.77% -0.01%
2013 5.74% -0.22%
2012 4.52% -0.69%
2011 9.88% 0.23%
2010 2.5% 0.69%
2009 3.35% -0.48%
2008 14% 2.43%
2007 8.71% 0.73%
2006 4.28% 1.06%
2005 5.39% 1.17%
2004 4.44% 0.8%
2003 3.34% 0.64%
2002 0.93% 0.64%
2001 1.59% 0.99%
2000 4.61% 1.56%
1999 2.16% 0.81%
1998 7.67% 0.02%
1997 4.71% 0.52%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/switzerland | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Bolivia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.26%, compared with 0.61% in Switzerland. In 2024, inflation was 5.1% in Bolivia and 1.06% in Switzerland.

Top exports between countries

Bolivia
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $880K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $504K
Machinery & equipment $251K
Textiles & consumer goods $86K
Miscellaneous $18K
Chemicals & pharma $8K
Raw materials & minerals $7K
Precious metals & jewellery $5K
Wood & paper products $2K
Switzerland
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $5.18M
Precious metals & jewellery $4.3M
Chemicals & pharma $1.67M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.05M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $786K
Wood & paper products $200K
Metals $89K
Raw materials & minerals $51K
Miscellaneous $23K
Raw agricultural goods $17K

Balance of trade

Bolivia Switzerland
Current account balance
-$1.41B
2024
$72B
2024
Current account balance ranking
132/190
2024
10/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.56%
2024
+7.69%
2024
Goods imports
$9.15B
2024
$371B
2024
Goods exports
$8.93B
2024
$502B
2024
Service imports
$2.35B
2024
$203B
2024
Service exports
$1.14B
2024
$186B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
25.5%
2024
61.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
21.4%
2024
72.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Bolivia Switzerland
Economic freedom 42.4 83.7
Economic freedom ranking 184/197 2/197
Property rights 20.2 94.4
Government integrity 27.1 93.3
Judicial effectiveness 29.5 98.3
Tax burden 86.4 70.9
Government spending 56.3 69.5
Fiscal health 0.8 97.2
Business freedom 53.6 86.3
Labor freedom 52.2 60
Monetary freedom 67.1 82.3
Trade freedom 60.6 87
Investment freedom 15 85
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Bolivia
Switzerland
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Bolivia Switzerland
2026 42.4 83.7
2025 44.1 83.7
2024 43.5 83
2023 43.4 83.8
2022 43 84.2
2021 42.7 81.9
2020 42.8 82
2019 42.3 81.9
2018 44.1 81.7
2017 47.7 81.5
2016 47.4 81
2015 46.8 80.5
2014 48.4 81.6
2013 47.9 81
2012 50.2 81.1
2011 50 81.9
2010 49.4 81.1
2009 53.6 79.4
2008 53.1 79.5
2007 54.2 78
2006 57.8 78.9
2005 58.4 79.3
2004 64.5 79.5
2003 64.3 79
2002 65.1 79.3
2001 68 76
2000 65 76.8
1999 65.6 79.1
1998 68.8 79
1997 65.1 78.6
1996 65.2 76.8
1995 56.8 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/switzerland | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Bolivia is 42.4, ranking 184/197, compared to 83.7 for Switzerland, ranking 2/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Bolivia Switzerland
Services, % of GDP
53.4%
2024
72%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
31.3%
2024
24.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
8.83%
2024
0.63%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$51.7B
2024
$857B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$12,620
2024
$93,420
2024
Total reserves including gold
$1.98B
2024
$909B
2024
Total reserves ranking
127/177
2024
4/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$113M
2024
$59.7B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$387M
2024
-$108B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$133M
2024
-$27.9B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.41%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
36.5%
2023
15.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
27%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/switzerland | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.