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Economy of Haiti vs Switzerland compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Haiti has a GDP of $25.2B compared to $937B for Switzerland, ranking 117/197 and 20/197 by economy size, respectively.

Haiti has $3.91B in government debt (15.5% of GDP), compared to $351B (37.5% of GDP) in Switzerland.

Haiti vs Switzerland GDP by year

Haiti
Switzerland
1x
Year GDP, current $
Haiti Switzerland
2024 $25,224,154,991 $936,564,198,049
2023 $19,850,585,722 $894,424,821,645
2022 $20,253,551,921 $828,508,926,958
2021 $20,944,387,976 $815,309,330,987
2020 $14,508,222,518 $741,999,406,006
2019 $15,016,090,930 $721,369,112,727
2018 $16,403,864,618 $725,568,717,468
2017 $15,093,357,161 $695,200,833,086
2016 $14,069,277,526 $687,895,460,903
2015 $14,849,629,309 $694,118,186,380
2014 $15,146,883,498 $726,537,808,338
2013 $14,902,488,604 $706,234,937,371
2012 $13,708,925,477 $686,420,221,558
2011 $13,008,746,039 $715,888,126,682
2010 $11,859,312,725 $598,851,028,907
2009 $11,597,002,835 $554,212,916,092
2008 $10,432,962,635 $567,267,767,519
2007 $9,228,637,768 $490,740,715,595
2006 $7,638,739,123 $441,634,672,197
2005 $7,030,149,730 $418,284,865,885
2004 $6,087,360,684 $403,912,891,033
2003 $5,071,947,798 $362,075,086,508
2002 $6,205,847,214 $309,301,422,430
2001 $6,331,970,324 $286,582,672,434
2000 $6,813,566,099 $279,216,033,870
1999 $4,153,725,884 $297,873,643,323
1998 $3,723,903,724 $303,459,014,347
1997 $3,338,949,152 $294,788,198,856
1996 $2,907,517,604 $340,103,959,547
1995 $2,813,313,279 $352,835,806,342
1994 $2,167,569,046 $301,375,055,202
1993 $1,878,253,767 $272,237,527,071
1992 $2,257,129,792 $279,921,425,828
1991 $3,473,562,628 $268,901,693,863
1990 $3,096,289,800 $265,763,573,999
1989 $2,736,243,800 $208,105,846,934
1988 $2,613,926,800 $215,540,625,299
1987 $2,047,200,000 $199,236,370,038
1986 $2,318,000,000 $159,089,921,063
1985 $2,009,400,000 $110,980,314,192
1984 $1,816,200,000 $109,455,312,168
1983 $1,623,600,000 $114,634,358,535
1982 $1,474,200,000 $115,043,365,512
1981 $1,479,400,000 $112,244,805,519
1980 $1,383,800,000 $122,557,843,886
1979 $1,080,600,000 $114,970,094,425
1978 $974,200,000 $102,280,472,036
1977 $947,000,000 $73,135,771,167
1976 $879,000,000 $68,476,524,644
1975 $681,400,000 $65,466,081,819
1974 $565,399,322 $57,103,011,446
1973 $466,798,973 $49,550,006,320
1972 $371,998,958 $36,844,318,854
1971 $362,800,000 $30,040,171,751
1970 $331,200,000 $24,998,066,773
1969 $391,820,400 $22,442,043,274
1968 $367,968,800 $20,712,102,794
1967 $369,124,200 $19,397,044,714
1966 $368,948,600 $18,019,402,374
1965 $353,251,800 $16,780,226,225
1964 $325,281,200 $15,833,133,858
1963 $294,883,400 $14,283,872,299
1962 $281,896,800 $12,989,649,694
1961 $271,066,000 $11,713,348,834
1960 $273,187,200 $10,412,232,621

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/switzerland | CC BY

GDP per capita in Haiti vs Switzerland by year

Haiti
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Switzerland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Haiti Switzerland
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $2,143 $3,194 $103,998 $96,498
2023 $1,706 $3,292 $100,624 $95,142
2022 $1,761 $3,275 $94,395 $94,421
2021 $1,841 $3,145 $93,665 $81,001
2020 $1,290 $3,103 $85,898 $72,998
2019 $1,352 $3,237 $84,122 $73,732
2018 $1,496 $3,197 $85,217 $70,689
2017 $1,395 $3,339 $82,254 $68,194
2016 $1,318 $3,253 $82,153 $67,351
2015 $1,411 $3,026 $83,806 $65,265
2014 $1,460 $3,076 $88,725 $63,417
2013 $1,458 $3,042 $87,304 $61,656
2012 $1,361 $2,830 $85,836 $59,441
2011 $1,312 $2,858 $90,477 $57,494
2010 $1,210 $2,695 $76,531 $54,426
2009 $1,197 $2,855 $71,568 $52,999
2008 $1,095 $2,724 $74,175 $53,809
2007 $985 $2,647 $64,989 $50,928
2006 $829 $2,504 $59,011 $46,266
2005 $776 $2,427 $56,243 $41,525
2004 $683 $2,322 $54,659 $40,171
2003 $579 $2,331 $49,336 $38,732
2002 $721 $2,248 $42,459 $38,705
2001 $749 $2,230 $39,639 $37,819
2000 $821 $2,229 $38,865 $36,703
1999 $510 $2,201 $41,696 $34,743
1998 $465 $2,152 $42,681 $33,860
1997 $425 $2,122 $41,584 $32,736
1996 $377 $2,070 $48,093 $31,509
1995 $372 $1,989 $50,114 $30,842
1994 $292.1 $1,807 $43,092 $30,265
1993 $258.1 $2,048 $39,237 $29,495
1992 $316 $2,158 $40,714 $29,113
1991 $497 $2,273 $39,544 $28,792
1990 $452 $2,202 $39,575 $28,461
1989 $407 - $31,309 -
1988 $397 - $32,690 -
1987 $318 - $30,441 -
1986 $367 - $24,460 -
1985 $325 - $17,152 -
1984 $299.2 - $16,991 -
1983 $272.8 - $17,859 -
1982 $252.6 - $18,000 -
1981 $258.5 - $17,665 -
1980 $246.5 - $19,394 -
1979 $196.2 - $18,266 -
1978 $180.3 - $16,282 -
1977 $178.7 - $11,644 -
1976 $169.1 - $10,865 -
1975 $133.6 - $10,328 -
1974 $113 - $9,005 -
1973 $95.1 - $7,856 -
1972 $77.3 - $5,885 -
1971 $76.8 - $4,835 -
1970 $71.5 - $4,044 -
1969 $86.1 - $3,657 -
1968 $82.4 - $3,413 -
1967 $84.2 - $3,237 -
1966 $85.7 - $3,045 -
1965 $83.6 - $2,865 -
1964 $78.5 - $2,735 -
1963 $72.4 - $2,508 -
1962 $70.4 - $2,330 -
1961 $69 - $2,155 -
1960 $70.8 - $1,954 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/switzerland | CC BY

Haiti's GDP per capita is $2,143, ranking 153/197, compared to $103,998 in Switzerland, ranking 5/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Haiti ranks 177th at $3,194, while Switzerland ranks 8th at $96,498.

Economic indicators

Haiti Switzerland
Gross domestic product
$25.2B
2024
$937B
2024
GDP rank
117/197
2024
20/197
2024
GDP growth
-4.17%
2023-2024
1.3%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,143
2024
$103,998
2024
GDP per capita rank
153/197
2024
5/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$3,194
2024
$96,498
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
177/197
2024
8/197
2024
Government debt
$3.91B
2024
$351B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
15.5%
2024
37.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$332
2024
$39,021
2024
Government debt per person rank
176/185
2024
15/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,896
2026
$85,867
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$1.97T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
1,119,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
42
2025
Income share by richest 10%
31.2%
2012
26.6%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.1%
2012
2.9%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
5.25%
2024
31.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
26.9%
2023-2024
1.06%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
0%
2025
Unemployment rate
14.1%
2012
4.34%
2024
Population
12076663
9107866

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Haiti
Spending

Debt
Switzerland
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Haiti Switzerland
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 5.25% 15.5% 31.9% 37.5%
2023 6.46% 28.5% 32.1% 38.7%
2022 8.33% 29.5% 31.6% 37.2%
2021 9.42% 28.9% 34.4% 41%
2020 9.86% 22.3% 37% 43.2%
2019 9.59% 26.5% 32% 39.6%
2018 11.3% 24.1% 31.7% 39.8%
2017 10.2% 22.5% 32.4% 41.8%
2016 10.5% 24.4% 32.4% 40.9%
2015 12.7% 23.9% 32.5% 42.2%
2014 14.6% 21.4% 32.2% 42.1%
2013 15.9% 25.1% 32.5% 41.9%
2012 16.4% 24.1% 31.7% 42.6%
2011 14.1% 22.3% 31.4% 41.9%
2010 12.6% 24.9% 31.4% 41.5%
2009 11.6% 19.4% 31.8% 43.1%
2008 11.2% 33.9% 30% 44.8%
2007 11.1% 24.4% 29.4% 44.8%
2006 9.67% 32.2% 30.5% 48.5%
2005 8.75% 29.7% 32.4% 54.9%
2004 7.38% 30.4% 33.1% 57.8%
2003 7.83% 37.8% 33.2% 56.9%
2002 6.64% 32% 34.1% 57.7%
2001 6.11% 28.8% 31.6% 51.1%
2000 6.25% 32.5% 32.2% 52.2%
1999 6.91% 24.1% 33.2% 52.7%
1998 5.4% 24% 32.7% 55.9%
1997 5.46% 26.2% 32.9% 53.7%
1996 - 26.2% 33% 51.3%
1995 - 26.2% 32.4% 50%
1994 - 35.3% 32.5% 47.1%
1993 - 98% 32.5% 44.4%
1992 - 118.9% 31.3% 39.5%
1991 - 80.7% 29.5% 35.1%
1990 - 85.1% 27.6% 33.3%
1989 - 98.7% 30% 32.5%
1988 - 90.9% 30.3% 35%
1987 32.4% 58.6% 29.8% 36.5%
1986 15.1% 26.5% 29.8% 37.6%
1985 17.4% 25.6% 30.1% 39.1%
1984 16.9% 27.3% 30.4% 39.8%
1983 21.9% 28.9% 31.2% 40.2%
1982 20.7% 25.5% 30.5% 40%
1981 17.4% 23.7% 29.4% 40.8%
1980 17.2% 20.3% 29.9% 43.9%
1979 13.1% 19.8% 30.5% 44.6%
1978 18.9% 20.1% 30.4% 46.6%
1977 16.7% 18.5% 31% 46.9%
1976 13.4% 14.9% 31.6% 46.7%
1975 12.8% 14.2% 29.3% 42.3%
1974 9.24% 13.3% 27.5% 38.4%
1973 9.4% 8.92% 26.5% 37%
1972 11.2% 11.1% 25.7% 38%
1971 11.2% 11% 25.4% 38.7%
1970 11.4% 12.5% 25.8% 38.9%
1969 10.1% - 9.45% 7.08%
1968 10.3% - 8.87% 6.99%
1967 7.52% - 8.68% 7.26%
1966 7.2% - 8.95% 7.62%
1965 7.91% - 8.33% 8.28%
1964 - - 8.85% 9.43%
1963 8.95% - 8.2% 10.8%
1962 - - 8.1% 12%
1961 - - 7.97% 14%
1960 7.34% 21.6% 7.11% 16.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/switzerland | CC BY

In 2024, Haiti's government spending was $1.32B, accounting for 5.25% of its GDP, while Switzerland spent $299B, or 31.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 15.5% in Haiti and 37.5% in Switzerland, ranking 177/185 and 141/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Haiti

Switzerland
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Haiti Switzerland
2024 6.96% 0.58%
2023 0.77% 0.12%
2022 -1.75% 1.19%
2021 -2.45% -0.29%
2020 -1.96% -3.01%
2019 -1.99% 1.34%
2018 -1.13% 1.29%
2017 -0.32% 1.13%
2016 0.12% 0.24%
2015 -1.47% 0.55%
2014 -3.64% -0.25%
2013 -3.98% -0.43%
2012 -2.71% 0.24%
2011 -1.43% 0.68%
2010 -1.5% 0.35%
2009 -2% 0.5%
2008 -1.8% 1.93%
2007 -1.55% 1.57%
2006 -0.91% 0.85%
2005 -0.83% -0.65%
2004 -1.34% -1.39%
2003 -2.24% -1.36%
2002 -1.8% -1.75%
2001 -1.55% 0.21%
2000 -1.36% 0.28%
1999 -1.54% -1.57%
1998 0.21% -1.31%
1997 0.37% -2.33%
1996 - -2.01%
1995 - -1.86%
1994 - -2.59%
1993 - -3.15%
1992 - -2.96%
1991 - -1.85%
1990 - -0.05%
1989 - 0.2%
1988 - 0.42%
1987 -4.94% 0.78%
1986 -1.4% 0.93%
1985 -0.97% -0.25%
1984 -3.52% -0.52%
1983 -5.72% -1.23%
1982 -3.93% -1.21%
1981 -4.38% -0.54%
1980 -5.68% -1.34%
1979 -2.21% -1.79%
1978 -3.24% -1.12%
1977 -2.85% -1.64%
1976 -1.16% -1.89%
1975 -1.73% -0.93%
1974 0.23% -1.01%
1973 0.03% -0.93%
1972 0.24% -1.39%
1971 -0.08% -1.41%
1970 -0.19% -1.44%
1969 -0.39% -0.98%
1968 -0.46% -0.73%
1967 0% -1.07%
1966 0% -0.87%
1965 0% 0.05%
1964 - 0.77%
1963 0% 0.25%
1962 - 0.95%
1961 - 0.34%
1960 0.006% 1.95%
1959 -1.11% 0.72%
1958 -2.21% 0.59%
1957 0.28% 0.66%
1956 -2.18% 2.24%
1955 -0.86% 1.1%
1954 -0.81% 1.44%
1953 -1.01% 0.38%
1952 - -1.17%
1951 - -0.36%
1950 - 1.49%
1949 -0.12% 0.04%
1948 0.21% 1.37%
1947 1.06% 1.27%
1946 0.51% 0.52%
1945 0.47% -7.57%
1944 - -9.37%
1943 - -8.55%
1942 - -7.28%
1941 -0.21% -8.78%
1940 0.13% -10%
1939 -0.16% -5.05%
1938 0.15% -1.53%
1937 -0.08% -0.17%
1936 -0.06% -0.33%
1935 -0.2% -0.23%
1934 -1.23% -0.33%
1933 0% -0.88%
1932 0.4% -0.3%
1931 -0.49% 0.03%
1930 -0.52% 0.07%
1929 -0.32% 0.22%
1928 -0.25% -
1927 0.73% -
1926 -0.45% -
1925 0.05% -
1924 -0.14% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -0.12%
1912 - 0.03%
1911 - -0.006%
1910 - -0.14%
1909 - -0.78%
1908 - -0.1%
1907 - -0.02%
1906 - 0.15%
1905 - 0.41%
1904 - 0.002%
1903 - 0.09%
1902 - 0.02%
1901 - -0.14%
1900 - -0.07%
1899 - 0.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/switzerland | CC BY

In 2024, Haiti's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.76B, equivalent to 6.96% of GDP. This compares to Switzerland's surplus of $5.4B, or 0.58% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Haiti recorded a fiscal deficit in 40 of those years, while Switzerland ran a deficit in 38 years. On average, Haiti posted an annual deficit equal to 1.42% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.48% of GDP for Switzerland.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Haiti

Switzerland
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Haiti Switzerland
2024 26.9% 1.06%
2023 36.8% 2.14%
2022 34% 2.84%
2021 16.8% 0.58%
2020 22.8% -0.73%
2019 18.7% 0.36%
2018 12.5% 0.94%
2017 10.7% 0.53%
2016 11.5% -0.43%
2015 6.73% -1.14%
2014 3.44% -0.01%
2013 4.77% -0.22%
2012 5.02% -0.69%
2011 6.33% 0.23%
2010 4.83% 0.69%
2009 0.39% -0.48%
2008 15.3% 2.43%
2007 6.56% 0.73%
2006 11.3% 1.06%
2005 14% 1.17%
2004 21% 0.8%
2003 28.7% 0.64%
2002 7.03% 0.64%
2001 13.3% 0.99%
2000 9.33% 1.56%
1999 3% 0.81%
1998 5.27% 0.02%
1997 20.6% 0.52%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/switzerland | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Haiti has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 13.5%, compared with 0.61% in Switzerland. In 2024, inflation was 26.9% in Haiti and 1.06% in Switzerland.

Top exports between countries

Haiti
Export category Export value
Metals $191K
Machinery & equipment $2K
Switzerland
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $175K
Wood & paper products $153K
Precious metals & jewellery $107K
Textiles & consumer goods $53K
Chemicals & pharma $52K
Metals $11K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $11K
Raw materials & minerals $4K
Miscellaneous $1K

Balance of trade

Haiti Switzerland
Current account balance
-$145M
2024
$72B
2024
Current account balance ranking
92/190
2024
10/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.58%
2024
+7.69%
2024
Goods imports
$4.27B
2024
$371B
2024
Goods exports
$767M
2024
$502B
2024
Service imports
$518M
2024
$203B
2024
Service exports
$96.6M
2024
$186B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
18.8%
2024
61.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
3.4%
2024
72.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Haiti Switzerland
Economic freedom 46.1 83.7
Economic freedom ranking 178/197 2/197
Property rights 6.6 94.4
Government integrity 13 93.3
Judicial effectiveness 17.3 98.3
Tax burden 81.7 70.9
Government spending 98.7 69.5
Fiscal health 99.5 97.2
Business freedom 30.7 86.3
Labor freedom 54.7 60
Monetary freedom 45.1 82.3
Trade freedom 66.4 87
Investment freedom 20 85
Financial freedom 20 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Haiti
Switzerland
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Haiti Switzerland
2026 46.1 83.7
2025 46.1 83.7
2024 48.2 83
2023 49.9 83.8
2022 50 84.2
2021 50.8 81.9
2020 52.3 82
2019 52.7 81.9
2018 55.8 81.7
2017 49.6 81.5
2016 51.3 81
2015 51.3 80.5
2014 48.9 81.6
2013 48.1 81
2012 50.7 81.1
2011 52.1 81.9
2010 50.8 81.1
2009 50.5 79.4
2008 49 79.5
2007 51.4 78
2006 49.2 78.9
2005 48.4 79.3
2004 51.2 79.5
2003 50.6 79
2002 47.9 79.3
2001 47.1 76
2000 45.7 76.8
1999 45.9 79.1
1998 45.7 79
1997 45.8 78.6
1996 41 76.8
1995 43 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/switzerland | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Haiti is 46.1, ranking 178/197, compared to 83.7 for Switzerland, ranking 2/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Haiti Switzerland
Services, % of GDP
48.3%
2024
72%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
33.4%
2024
24.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
15.9%
2024
0.63%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$20.7B
2024
$857B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$3,190
2024
$93,420
2024
Total reserves including gold
$2.72B
2024
$909B
2024
Total reserves ranking
121/177
2024
4/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$20M
2024
$59.7B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$20M
2024
-$108B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$0
2024
-$27.9B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.15%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
58.5%
2012
15.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
9.94%
2024
27%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/switzerland | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.