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Economy of Switzerland vs United States compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Switzerland has a GDP of $1.04T compared to $30.8T for the United States, ranking 20/197 and 1/197 by economy size, respectively.

Switzerland has $411B in government debt (39.4% of GDP), compared to $38.1T (123.9% of GDP) in the United States.

Switzerland vs United States GDP by year

Switzerland
United States
1x
Year GDP, current $
Switzerland United States
2025 $1,043,529,899,251 $30,769,700,000,000
2024 $969,919,786,395 $29,298,013,000,000
2023 $928,435,275,852 $27,811,517,000,000
2022 $858,479,038,994 $26,054,614,000,000
2021 $840,710,023,481 $23,725,645,000,000
2020 $756,096,180,222 $21,375,281,000,000
2019 $736,384,764,157 $21,539,982,000,000
2018 $740,766,531,454 $20,656,516,000,000
2017 $706,660,443,624 $19,612,102,000,000
2016 $698,607,778,795 $18,804,913,000,000
2015 $706,199,008,879 $18,295,019,000,000
2014 $741,168,119,617 $17,608,138,000,000
2013 $718,748,402,260 $16,880,683,000,000
2012 $697,882,536,677 $16,253,970,000,000
2011 $727,231,637,102 $15,599,732,000,000
2010 $609,999,593,542 $15,048,971,000,000
2009 $563,659,557,945 $14,478,067,000,000
2008 $574,703,945,157 $14,769,862,000,000
2007 $498,993,845,385 $14,474,228,000,000
2006 $448,364,681,767 $13,815,583,000,000
2005 $424,511,048,024 $13,039,197,000,000
2004 $409,012,909,530 $12,217,196,000,000
2003 $366,563,952,625 $11,456,450,000,000
2002 $313,930,961,761 $10,929,108,000,000
2001 $290,160,142,214 $10,581,929,000,000
2000 $282,327,351,966 $10,250,952,000,000
1999 $301,911,268,140 $9,631,172,000,000
1998 $306,907,741,068 $9,062,817,000,000
1997 $298,868,250,534 $8,577,552,000,000
1996 $345,373,647,249 $8,073,122,000,000
1995 $358,152,520,085 $7,639,749,000,000
1994 $305,916,331,798 $7,287,236,000,000
1993 $276,339,744,180 $6,858,559,000,000
1992 $284,139,428,246 $6,520,327,000,000
1991 $272,953,645,746 $6,158,129,000,000
1990 $269,768,238,555 $5,963,144,000,000
1989 $211,241,694,480 $5,641,580,000,000
1988 $218,788,504,066 $5,236,438,000,000
1987 $202,238,567,597 $4,855,215,000,000
1986 $161,487,171,049 $4,579,631,000,000
1985 $112,652,623,418 $4,338,979,000,000
1984 $111,104,641,869 $4,037,613,000,000
1983 $116,361,728,836 $3,634,038,000,000
1982 $116,776,899,473 $3,343,789,000,000
1981 $113,936,168,924 $3,207,041,000,000
1980 $124,404,609,417 $2,857,307,000,000
1979 $116,702,524,208 $2,627,333,000,000
1978 $103,821,687,919 $2,351,599,000,000
1977 $74,237,819,014 $2,081,826,000,000
1976 $69,508,364,538 $1,873,412,000,000
1975 $66,452,559,176 $1,684,904,000,000
1974 $57,963,469,607 $1,545,243,000,000
1973 $50,296,651,921 $1,425,376,000,000
1972 $37,399,508,287 $1,279,110,000,000
1971 $30,492,832,676 $1,164,850,000,000
1970 $25,374,750,743 $1,073,303,000,000
1969 $22,780,211,812 $1,017,438,172,414
1968 $21,024,203,656 $940,225,000,000
1967 $19,689,329,510 $859,620,034,483
1966 $18,290,928,227 $813,032,758,621
1965 $17,033,079,428 $741,904,862,069
1964 $16,071,715,835 $684,144,620,690
1963 $14,499,109,270 $637,058,551,724
1962 $13,185,384,691 $603,639,413,793
1961 $11,889,851,950 $561,940,310,345
1960 $10,569,129,806 $541,988,586,207

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/switzerland/united-states | CC BY

GDP per capita in Switzerland vs United States by year

Switzerland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United States
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Switzerland United States
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $114,769 - $90,027 -
2024 $107,702 $96,498 $86,143 $85,810
2023 $104,450 $95,142 $83,041 $82,305
2022 $97,809 $94,421 $78,178 $77,861
2021 $96,583 $81,001 $71,486 $71,307
2020 $87,530 $72,998 $64,475 $64,402
2019 $85,873 $73,732 $65,605 $65,228
2018 $87,002 $70,689 $63,201 $62,876
2017 $83,610 $68,194 $60,322 $60,048
2016 $83,432 $67,351 $58,207 $57,977
2015 $85,265 $65,265 $57,040 $56,849
2014 $90,512 $63,417 $55,304 $55,153
2013 $88,851 $61,656 $53,410 $53,297
2012 $87,270 $59,441 $51,784 $51,708
2011 $91,910 $57,494 $50,066 $50,025
2010 $77,956 $54,426 $48,651 $48,643
2009 $72,788 $52,999 $47,195 $47,195
2008 $75,148 $53,809 $48,570 $48,570
2007 $66,082 $50,928 $48,050 $48,050
2006 $59,910 $46,266 $46,302 $46,302
2005 $57,080 $41,525 $44,123 $44,123
2004 $55,350 $40,171 $41,725 $41,725
2003 $49,947 $38,732 $39,490 $39,490
2002 $43,094 $38,705 $37,998 $37,998
2001 $40,134 $37,819 $37,134 $37,134
2000 $39,298 $36,703 $36,330 $36,330
1999 $42,261 $34,743 $34,484 $34,515
1998 $43,166 $33,860 $32,823 $32,854
1997 $42,160 $32,736 $31,430 $31,459
1996 $48,838 $31,509 $29,937 $29,968
1995 $50,869 $30,842 $28,661 $28,691
1994 $43,741 $30,265 $27,662 $27,695
1993 $39,828 $29,495 $26,353 $26,387
1992 $41,327 $29,113 $25,381 $25,419
1991 $40,140 $28,792 $24,293 $24,342
1990 $40,171 $28,461 $23,840 $23,889
1989 $31,780 - $22,857 -
1988 $33,183 - $21,417 -
1987 $30,899 - $20,039 -
1986 $24,828 - $19,071 -
1985 $17,411 - $18,237 -
1984 $17,247 - $17,121 -
1983 $18,128 - $15,544 -
1982 $18,271 - $14,434 -
1981 $17,931 - $13,976 -
1980 $19,686 - $12,613 -
1979 $18,541 - $11,674 -
1978 $16,528 - $10,565 -
1977 $11,819 - $9,453 -
1976 $11,029 - $8,592 -
1975 $10,484 - $7,801 -
1974 $9,140 - $7,226 -
1973 $7,974 - $6,726 -
1972 $5,973 - $6,094 -
1971 $4,908 - $5,609 -
1970 $4,105 - $5,234 -
1969 $3,712 - $5,020 -
1968 $3,465 - $4,685 -
1967 $3,286 - $4,326 -
1966 $3,091 - $4,136 -
1965 $2,908 - $3,818 -
1964 $2,776 - $3,565 -
1963 $2,546 - $3,366 -
1962 $2,366 - $3,236 -
1961 $2,188 - $3,059 -
1960 $1,984 - $3,000 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/switzerland/united-states | CC BY

Switzerland's GDP per capita is $114,769, ranking 5/197, compared to $90,027 in the United States, ranking 10/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Switzerland ranks 8th at $96,498, while the United States ranks 12th at $85,810.

Economic indicators

Switzerland United States
Gross domestic product
$1.04T
2025
$30.8T
2025
GDP rank
20/197
2025
1/197
2025
GDP growth
1.3%
2024-2025
2.16%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$114,769
2025
$90,027
2025
GDP per capita rank
5/197
2025
10/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$96,498
2024
$85,810
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
8/197
2024
12/197
2024
Government debt
$411B
2025
$38.1T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
39.4%
2025
123.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$45,239
2025
$111,531
2025
Government debt per person rank
12/185
2025
2/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$89,347
2026
$54,600
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.51T
2025
$68.9T
2025
Number of millionaires
944,000
2026
23,627,000
2026
Number of billionaires
45
2026
989
2026
Income share by richest 10%
26.6%
2022
30.7%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2022
1.7%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
31.2%
2025
37.7%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.15%
2024-2025
2.95%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
0%
2025
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
4.84%
2025
4.28%
2025
Population
9155878
344434632

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Switzerland
Spending

Debt
United States
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Switzerland United States
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 31.2% 39.4% 37.7% 123.9%
2024 31.3% 40.5% 37.7% 122.3%
2023 30.9% 37.3% 37.5% 120%
2022 30.5% 35.9% 36.8% 119.1%
2021 33.4% 39.7% 43.2% 125%
2020 36.3% 42.4% 44.7% 132.6%
2019 31.3% 38.8% 35.8% 108.8%
2018 31.1% 39% 35.3% 107.7%
2017 31.9% 41.1% 35.2% 106.4%
2016 31.9% 40.3% 35.3% 107.4%
2015 31.9% 41.4% 35% 105.4%
2014 31.5% 41.2% 35.3% 104.9%
2013 32% 41.2% 35.8% 105%
2012 31.1% 41.9% 37.2% 103.7%
2011 31% 41.2% 38.8% 100%
2010 30.9% 40.7% 39.8% 95.7%
2009 31.2% 42.4% 41.4% 87.1%
2008 29.6% 44.2% 37.1% 73.8%
2007 29% 44% 34.6% 64.9%
2006 30.1% 47.7% 33.7% 64.5%
2005 31.9% 54.1% 33.9% 65.8%
2004 32.6% 57.1% 33.7% 66.4%
2003 32.8% 56.2% 34% 59%
2002 33.6% 56.9% 33.7% 55.9%
2001 31.2% 50.5% 32.8% 53.5%
2000 31.9% 51.7% 31.7% 54.5%
1999 32.8% 52% 32.2% 60.5%
1998 32.3% 55.3% 32.8% 64.2%
1997 32.5% 52.9% 33.7% 67.4%
1996 32.5% 50.6% 34.7% 69.9%
1995 32% 49.3% 35.5% 70.7%
1994 32% 46.4% 35.5% 71.1%
1993 31.9% 43.7% 36.4% 71.9%
1992 30.8% 38.9% 36.7% 70.3%
1991 29% 34.6% 35.7% 67.9%
1990 27.2% 32.8% 34.5% 63.1%
1989 30% 32.5% 33.7% 61.6%
1988 30.3% 35% 33.7% 61.3%
1987 29.8% 36.5% 34.3% 60.6%
1986 29.8% 37.6% 34.8% 58.9%
1985 30.1% 39.1% 34.5% 55.4%
1984 30.4% 39.8% 34.3% 50.6%
1983 31.2% 40.2% 35.7% 48.9%
1982 30.5% 40% 35.8% 45.9%
1981 29.4% 40.8% 33.9% 41.1%
1980 29.9% 43.9% 33.7% 41.9%
1979 30.5% 44.6% 32% 41.2%
1978 30.4% 46.6% 32.6% 42.5%
1977 31% 46.9% 33.4% 43.6%
1976 31.6% 46.7% 34.2% 44.8%
1975 29.3% 42.3% 35.2% 44.6%
1974 27.5% 38.4% 32.9% 41.4%
1973 26.5% 37% 31.9% 42.6%
1972 25.7% 38% 32.8% 45.4%
1971 25.4% 38.7% 32.3% 47%
1970 25.8% 38.9% 31.5% 46.4%
1969 9.45% 7.08% 29.3% 45.9%
1968 8.87% 6.99% 29.1% 48.5%
1967 8.68% 7.26% 28.3% 50.4%
1966 8.95% 7.62% 26.3% 50.6%
1965 8.33% 8.28% 25.4% 53.7%
1964 8.85% 9.43% 25.6% 56.7%
1963 8.2% 10.8% 26% 58.8%
1962 8.1% 12% 26% 60.2%
1961 7.97% 14% 25.9% 62.3%
1960 7.11% 16.2% 24.9% 61.7%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/switzerland/united-states | CC BY

In 2025, Switzerland's government spending was $326B, accounting for 31.2% of its GDP, while the United States spent $11.6T, or 37.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 39.4% in Switzerland and 123.9% in the United States, ranking 136/185 and 12/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Switzerland

United States
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Switzerland United States
2025 0.45% -6.82%
2024 0.53% -7.86%
2023 0.12% -7.89%
2022 1.15% -3.72%
2021 -0.28% -11.5%
2020 -2.96% -14.1%
2019 1.31% -5.81%
2018 1.26% -5.33%
2017 1.11% -4.79%
2016 0.23% -4.36%
2015 0.54% -3.53%
2014 -0.24% -4.03%
2013 -0.42% -4.56%
2012 0.23% -8.11%
2011 0.67% -9.72%
2010 0.35% -11%
2009 0.49% -13.2%
2008 1.91% -6.61%
2007 1.55% -2.91%
2006 0.83% -2.04%
2005 -0.64% -3.07%
2004 -1.37% -4.24%
2003 -1.34% -4.77%
2002 -1.72% -3.82%
2001 0.2% -0.54%
2000 0.28% 3.62%
1999 -1.55% 2.71%
1998 -1.29% 2.18%
1997 -2.3% 0.88%
1996 -1.98% -0.46%
1995 -1.83% -1.7%
1994 -2.55% -2.05%
1993 -3.1% -3.35%
1992 -2.92% -3.98%
1991 -1.82% -2.72%
1990 -0.05% -1.64%
1989 0.2% -0.8%
1988 0.42% -1.06%
1987 0.78% -1.53%
1986 0.93% -2.81%
1985 -0.25% -2.63%
1984 -0.52% -2.97%
1983 -1.23% -4.26%
1982 -1.21% -3.78%
1981 -0.54% -1.58%
1980 -1.34% -2.17%
1979 -1.79% -0.79%
1978 -1.12% -1.7%
1977 -1.64% -2.57%
1976 -1.89% -3.63%
1975 -0.93% -5.4%
1974 -1.01% -1.27%
1973 -0.93% -0.86%
1972 -1.39% -1.86%
1971 -1.41% -2.63%
1970 -1.44% -1.21%
1969 -0.98% 2.11%
1968 -0.73% 1.23%
1967 -1.07% 0.47%
1966 -0.87% 2.07%
1965 0.05% 2.38%
1964 0.77% 2.18%
1963 0.25% 2.87%
1962 0.95% 2.32%
1961 0.34% 2.28%
1960 1.95% 3.2%
1959 0.72% -9.06%
1958 0.59% -8.68%
1957 0.66% -6.72%
1956 2.24% -6.02%
1955 1.1% -7.4%
1954 1.44% -5.55%
1953 0.38% -5.76%
1952 -1.17% -5.41%
1951 -0.36% -6.93%
1950 1.49% -8.22%
1949 0.04% -7.94%
1948 1.37% -4.16%
1947 1.27% -3.99%
1946 0.52% -6.45%
1945 -7.57% -14.1%
1944 -9.37% -13.4%
1943 -8.55% -19.3%
1942 -7.28% -16.3%
1941 -8.78% -10.2%
1940 -10% -9.73%
1939 -5.05% -11.9%
1938 -1.53% -10.4%
1937 -0.17% -9.22%
1936 -0.33% -12.1%
1935 -0.23% -13.3%
1934 -0.33% -14.9%
1933 -0.88% -14.3%
1932 -0.3% -12.7%
1931 0.03% -9.76%
1930 0.07% -5.46%
1929 0.22% -4.58%
1928 - -
1927 - -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -0.12% -
1912 0.03% -
1911 -0.006% -
1910 -0.14% -
1909 -0.78% -
1908 -0.1% -
1907 -0.02% -
1906 0.15% -
1905 0.41% -
1904 0.002% -
1903 0.09% -
1902 0.02% -
1901 -0.14% -
1900 -0.07% -
1899 0.1% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/switzerland/united-states | CC BY

In 2025, Switzerland's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $4.71B, equivalent to 0.45% of GDP. This compares to the United States' deficit of $2.1T, or 6.82% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Switzerland recorded a fiscal deficit in 38 of those years, while the United States ran a deficit in 52 years. On average, Switzerland posted an annual deficit equal to 0.47% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.81% of GDP for the United States.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Switzerland

United States
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Switzerland United States
2025 0.15% -
2024 1.06% 2.95%
2023 2.14% 4.12%
2022 2.84% 8%
2021 0.58% 4.7%
2020 -0.73% 1.23%
2019 0.36% 1.81%
2018 0.94% 2.44%
2017 0.53% 2.13%
2016 -0.43% 1.26%
2015 -1.14% 0.12%
2014 -0.01% 1.62%
2013 -0.22% 1.46%
2012 -0.69% 2.07%
2011 0.23% 3.16%
2010 0.69% 1.64%
2009 -0.48% -0.36%
2008 2.43% 3.84%
2007 0.73% 2.85%
2006 1.06% 3.23%
2005 1.17% 3.39%
2004 0.8% 2.68%
2003 0.64% 2.27%
2002 0.64% 1.59%
2001 0.99% 2.83%
2000 1.56% 3.38%
1999 0.81% 2.19%
1998 0.02% 1.55%
1997 0.52% 2.34%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/switzerland/united-states | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Switzerland has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 0.61%, compared with 2.52% in the United States. In 2024, inflation was 0.15% in Switzerland and 2.95% in the United States.

Top exports between countries

Switzerland
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $66.8B
Chemicals & pharma $44.5B
IT & IP services $14B
Machinery & equipment $10.3B
Transport & tourism services $4.07B
Business & finance services $3.46B
Raw agricultural goods $1.28B
Textiles & consumer goods $748M
Metals $520M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $373M
United States
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $60.5B
IT & IP services $31.9B
Business & finance services $20.3B
Chemicals & pharma $4.54B
Transport & tourism services $4.43B
Machinery & equipment $4.3B
Miscellaneous $1.46B
Raw materials & minerals $308M
Manufacturing & construction services $255M
Metals $229M

Balance of trade

Switzerland United States
Current account balance
$72.9B
2025
-$1.12T
2025
Current account balance ranking
11/190
2025
190/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+6.98%
2025
-3.63%
2025
Goods imports
$508B
2025
$3.44T
2025
Goods exports
$617B
2025
$2.2T
2025
Service imports
$214B
2025
$903B
2025
Service exports
$195B
2025
$1.23T
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
69.1%
2025
14%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
78.1%
2025
11%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Switzerland United States
Economic freedom 83.7 72.8
Economic freedom ranking 2/197 27/197
Property rights 94.4 91.6
Government integrity 93.3 77.1
Judicial effectiveness 98.3 76.4
Tax burden 70.9 75.3
Government spending 69.5 57.9
Fiscal health 97.2 18.5
Business freedom 86.3 88.6
Labor freedom 60 76.3
Monetary freedom 82.3 84.2
Trade freedom 87 67.6
Investment freedom 85 80
Financial freedom 80 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Switzerland
United States
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Switzerland United States
2026 83.7 72.8
2025 83.7 70.2
2024 83 70.1
2023 83.8 70.6
2022 84.2 72.1
2021 81.9 74.8
2020 82 76.6
2019 81.9 76.8
2018 81.7 75.7
2017 81.5 75.1
2016 81 75.4
2015 80.5 76.2
2014 81.6 75.5
2013 81 76
2012 81.1 76.3
2011 81.9 77.8
2010 81.1 78
2009 79.4 80.7
2008 79.5 81
2007 78 81.2
2006 78.9 81.2
2005 79.3 79.9
2004 79.5 78.7
2003 79 78.2
2002 79.3 78.4
2001 76 79.1
2000 76.8 76.4
1999 79.1 75.5
1998 79 75.4
1997 78.6 75.6
1996 76.8 76.7
1995 - 76.7

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/switzerland/united-states | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Switzerland is 83.7, ranking 2/197, compared to 72.8 for the United States, ranking 27/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Switzerland United States
Services, % of GDP
71.7%
2025
79.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25%
2025
17.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.64%
2025
0.85%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$1T
2025
$30.4T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$101,690
2025
$89,490
2025
Total reserves including gold
$1.08T
2025
$1.39T
2025
Total reserves ranking
4/177
2025
2/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$37.6B
2025
$21.7B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$108B
2024
$297B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$27.9B
2024
$322B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.8%
2021
15.1%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
29.5%
2025
21.5%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/switzerland/united-states | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.