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Economy of Samoa vs Sweden compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Samoa has a GDP of $1.18B compared to $604B for Sweden, ranking 185/197 and 26/197 by economy size, respectively.

Samoa has $296M in government debt (25.2% of GDP), compared to $199B (33% of GDP) in Sweden.

Samoa vs Sweden GDP by year

Samoa
Sweden
1x
Year GDP, current $
Samoa Sweden
2024 $1,175,749,786 $603,715,224,266
2023 $1,044,909,500 $578,990,915,246
2022 $889,554,712 $575,071,237,641
2021 $859,724,936 $631,693,331,301
2020 $868,884,903 $544,265,668,452
2019 $912,950,466 $530,894,124,494
2018 $878,448,433 $549,649,344,043
2017 $884,844,384 $535,172,356,785
2016 $843,924,797 $513,058,312,951
2015 $824,150,499 $501,602,351,912
2014 $796,683,520 $577,727,767,304
2013 $797,736,334 $584,125,353,119
2012 $773,141,661 $549,739,674,655
2011 $744,097,050 $570,538,581,144
2010 $680,260,907 $492,750,897,239
2009 $628,006,115 $434,311,714,442
2008 $641,346,192 $514,614,100,833
2007 $573,548,460 $490,047,789,548
2006 $499,923,758 $422,528,394,459
2005 $476,801,793 $391,688,455,929
2004 $407,747,565 $384,545,442,175
2003 $333,426,188 $334,072,443,516
2002 $281,790,134 $267,371,907,447
2001 $266,299,591 $242,497,797,485
2000 $258,856,140 $262,903,560,280
1999 $255,408,060 $274,318,357,862
1998 $269,485,244 $270,887,306,759
1997 $285,475,592 $268,249,616,891
1996 $249,907,869 $291,949,597,375
1995 $224,865,731 $267,050,453,507
1994 $221,098,107 $228,699,066,874
1993 $133,122,897 $212,644,602,616
1992 $132,303,041 $283,908,914,454
1991 $125,597,205 $273,831,464,572
1990 $125,766,270 $261,466,577,009
1989 $122,888,610 $217,632,340,195
1988 $133,016,065 $206,686,590,776
1987 $111,713,922 $182,744,315,974
1986 $100,947,849 $150,279,869,729
1985 $95,572,173 $113,958,084,357
1984 $109,200,934 $109,043,045,407
1983 $111,862,824 $104,862,109,663
1982 $121,221,652 $114,214,731,799
1981 $118,190,655 $129,498,921,476
1980 $125,747,038 $141,886,067,004
1979 $122,257,393 $123,207,527,699
1978 $108,223,444 $104,290,933,496
1977 $98,295,671 $94,331,782,622
1976 $85,003,078 $89,232,517,046
1975 $93,489,283 $82,765,232,648
1974 $93,549,611 $65,917,634,590
1973 $82,452,985 $59,318,842,992
1972 $62,566,116 $48,883,173,400
1971 $53,719,569 $41,506,151,115
1970 $45,208,338 $38,037,226,668
1969 - $33,967,301,561
1968 - $31,277,871,669
1967 - $29,474,881,506
1966 - $27,154,716,721
1965 - $24,963,947,415
1964 - $22,685,490,195
1963 - $20,342,131,882
1962 - $18,794,066,990
1961 - $17,329,620,585
1960 - $15,930,075,467

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/samoa/sweden | CC BY

GDP per capita in Samoa vs Sweden by year

Samoa
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sweden
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Samoa Sweden
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $5,393 $8,737 $57,117 $71,845
2023 $4,823 $8,195 $54,950 $69,226
2022 $4,132 $6,909 $54,837 $67,076
2021 $4,022 $6,350 $60,648 $62,732
2020 $4,100 $6,451 $52,569 $57,489
2019 $4,352 $6,638 $51,649 $57,046
2018 $4,232 $6,318 $54,018 $53,122
2017 $4,308 $6,280 $53,210 $51,474
2016 $4,147 $6,141 $51,704 $50,290
2015 $4,084 $5,682 $51,188 $48,772
2014 $3,983 $5,468 $59,583 $46,841
2013 $4,024 $5,387 $60,844 $46,098
2012 $3,935 $5,339 $57,750 $45,207
2011 $3,822 $5,494 $60,379 $44,333
2010 $3,524 $5,229 $52,543 $41,951
2009 $3,279 $4,906 $46,708 $40,094
2008 $3,374 $4,939 $55,817 $41,907
2007 $3,039 $4,713 $53,568 $40,813
2006 $2,663 $4,592 $46,531 $37,672
2005 $2,550 $4,379 $43,378 $34,198
2004 $2,189 $3,997 $42,758 $33,805
2003 $1,798 $3,792 $37,292 $31,788
2002 $1,528 $3,553 $29,958 $30,987
2001 $1,454 $3,335 $27,259 $29,946
2000 $1,425 $3,062 $29,633 $29,636
1999 $1,417 $2,871 $30,969 $27,496
1998 $1,506 $2,792 $30,605 $25,897
1997 $1,608 $2,722 $30,324 $24,817
1996 $1,419 $2,681 $33,022 $23,952
1995 $1,288 $2,478 $30,254 $23,084
1994 $1,277 $2,294 $26,046 $21,835
1993 $775 $2,323 $24,390 $20,700
1992 $777 $2,198 $32,753 $20,767
1991 $742 $2,166 $31,777 $20,663
1990 $744 $2,148 $30,549 $20,357
1989 $728 - $25,625 -
1988 $790 - $24,499 -
1987 $666 - $21,761 -
1986 $604 - $17,955 -
1985 $573 - $13,647 -
1984 $655 - $13,080 -
1983 $671 - $12,590 -
1982 $728 - $13,719 -
1981 $713 - $15,564 -
1980 $765 - $17,073 -
1979 $751 - $14,856 -
1978 $671 - $12,602 -
1977 $615 - $11,432 -
1976 $541 - $10,853 -
1975 $610 - $10,103 -
1974 $626 - $8,078 -
1973 $563 - $7,291 -
1972 $433 - $6,018 -
1971 $377 - $5,125 -
1970 $322 - $4,729 -
1969 - - $4,263 -
1968 - - $3,953 -
1967 - - $3,746 -
1966 - - $3,478 -
1965 - - $3,228 -
1964 - - $2,961 -
1963 - - $2,675 -
1962 - - $2,485 -
1961 - - $2,304 -
1960 - - $2,128 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/samoa/sweden | CC BY

Samoa's GDP per capita is $5,393, ranking 117/197, compared to $57,117 in Sweden, ranking 17/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Samoa ranks 137th at $8,737, while Sweden ranks 23rd at $71,845.

Economic indicators

Samoa Sweden
Gross domestic product
$1.18B
2024
$604B
2024
GDP rank
185/197
2024
26/197
2024
GDP growth
4.75%
2023-2024
0.82%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$5,393
2024
$57,117
2024
GDP per capita rank
117/197
2024
17/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$8,737
2024
$71,845
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
137/197
2024
23/197
2024
Government debt
$296M
2024
$199B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
25.2%
2024
33%
2024
Government debt per person
$1,357
2024
$18,842
2024
Government debt per person rank
135/185
2024
32/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$3,750
2026
$42,066
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$290B
2003
Number of millionaires n/a
490,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
45
2025
Income share by richest 10%
31.3%
2013
22.3%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.7%
2013
2.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.3%
2024
49.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.17%
2023-2024
2.84%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
0.37%
2024
1.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.05%
2022
8.31%
2024
Population
220932
10680056

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Samoa
Spending

Debt
Sweden
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Samoa Sweden
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 26.3% 25.2% 49.3% 33%
2023 28.8% 31.8% 48.9% 31.8%
2022 31.1% 41% 48.3% 33.9%
2021 34.1% 45.4% 49.3% 37%
2020 30.5% 43.2% 52% 40.2%
2019 31.8% 44.3% 48.8% 35.8%
2018 30% 49.4% 49.8% 39.9%
2017 30.9% 46.7% 49.2% 41.6%
2016 27.3% 49% 49.5% 42.9%
2015 30.5% 56.4% 49.4% 44.5%
2014 35.3% 54.9% 50.7% 45.7%
2013 30.7% 54.1% 51.4% 40.8%
2012 33.6% 50.9% 50.2% 38%
2011 33.7% 41.5% 49.1% 37.7%
2010 29.4% 40.3% 49.7% 38.6%
2009 31.5% 33.3% 51.7% 41.2%
2008 27.7% 28.2% 49.4% 38%
2007 31.1% 31.5% 48.5% 39.2%
2006 27.7% 33.5% 50.1% 43.8%
2005 30.6% 34.2% 51.2% 48.9%
2004 27.3% 39.8% 51.7% 48.7%
2003 28.5% 42.8% 53% 49.4%
2002 30.7% 50.3% 52.7% 49.8%
2001 30% 53.8% 51.7% 52%
2000 30.4% 55.8% 52.2% 50.4%
1999 33.8% 59.4% 55.2% 60.3%
1998 28.1% 58.9% 55.6% 65.4%
1997 31% - 57.9% 67.7%
1996 38.9% - 60% 68.9%
1995 42.2% - 62.1% 68.7%
1994 54.1% - 65.3% 68.6%
1993 49.5% - 67.9% 66.1%
1992 43.4% - 66.5% 45.7%
1991 - - 61.2% 40.2%
1990 - - 57.5% 40.3%
1989 - - 35.8% 44.8%
1988 - - 37.9% 50.3%
1987 - - 40.9% 56%
1986 - - 42.1% 59.5%
1985 - - 47.6% 61.2%
1984 - - 46.7% 57.5%
1983 - - 48.6% 54.5%
1982 - - 46.4% 47.9%
1981 - - 46.1% 41.5%
1980 - - 41% 34.4%
1979 - - 39.9% 28.3%
1978 - - 39.1% 24%
1977 - - 35.7% 21%
1976 - - 32.3% 19%
1975 - - 30.6% 19.9%
1974 - - 30.1% 19.4%
1973 - - 31.1% 18%
1972 - - 31.9% 17.2%
1971 - - 29.8% 16.9%
1970 - - 29.5% 16.9%
1969 - - 28.7% 17.6%
1968 - - 28.3% 17.6%
1967 - - 27.7% 16.1%
1966 - - 26.5% 15.3%
1965 - - 24.6% 17%
1964 - - 23.4% 18.7%
1963 - - 24.4% 20.7%
1962 - - 23.4% 23%
1961 - - 23.7% 26%
1960 - - 24.4% 28.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/samoa/sweden | CC BY

In 2024, Samoa's government spending was $310M, accounting for 26.3% of its GDP, while Sweden spent $298B, or 49.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 25.2% in Samoa and 33% in Sweden, ranking 165/185 and 148/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Samoa

Sweden
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Samoa Sweden
2024 9.29% -1.72%
2023 2.7% -0.63%
2022 5.03% 1%
2021 1.71% -0.15%
2020 5.41% -3.18%
2019 1.51% 0.44%
2018 0.06% 0.67%
2017 -1.98% 1.29%
2016 -0.35% 0.86%
2015 -3.79% -0.27%
2014 -5.38% -1.84%
2013 -3.82% -1.63%
2012 -7.43% -1.19%
2011 -5.25% -0.41%
2010 -5.49% -0.14%
2009 -2.98% -0.89%
2008 -0.36% 1.87%
2007 0.55% 3.37%
2006 -0.44% 2.2%
2005 0.23% 2.08%
2004 -0.74% 0.17%
2003 -0.51% -1.25%
2002 -1.77% -1.46%
2001 -1.96% 1.37%
2000 -0.62% 3.11%
1999 0.27% 0.6%
1998 1.64% 0.82%
1997 1.92% -1.57%
1996 1.21% -3.11%
1995 -5.82% -7.01%
1994 -9.51% -8.77%
1993 -13.2% -10.9%
1992 -9.89% -8.51%
1991 - 0.28%
1990 - 3.7%
1989 - 1.5%
1988 - -0.64%
1987 - -2%
1986 - -6.21%
1985 - -9.91%
1984 - -12.1%
1983 - -15.1%
1982 - -13.4%
1981 - -12.8%
1980 - -11.5%
1979 - -9.95%
1978 - -7.32%
1977 - -3.32%
1976 - -1.27%
1975 - -4.05%
1974 - -4.12%
1973 - -3.28%
1972 - -2.17%
1971 - -1.67%
1970 - -2.64%
1969 - -2.03%
1968 - -2.37%
1967 - -1.41%
1966 - -0.33%
1965 - -0.17%
1964 - -0.1%
1963 - 0.41%
1962 - 0.7%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.67%
1959 - -2.53%
1958 - -2.31%
1957 - -2.1%
1956 - -1.21%
1955 - -1.72%
1954 - -1.52%
1953 - -2.47%
1952 - -0.16%
1951 - -0.9%
1950 - -1.64%
1949 - -0.74%
1948 - 0.29%
1947 - -1.08%
1946 - -0.61%
1945 - -8.04%
1944 - -8.66%
1943 - -10.7%
1942 - -11.8%
1941 - -13.1%
1940 - -8.16%
1939 - -1.13%
1938 - -0.07%
1937 - 0.46%
1936 - -0.64%
1935 - -2.19%
1934 - -1.88%
1933 - -4.1%
1932 - -1.56%
1931 - -0.05%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.39%
1928 - -0.06%
1927 - -1.14%
1926 - -1.11%
1925 - -1.44%
1924 - -0.99%
1923 - -1.65%
1922 - -3.17%
1921 - -3.55%
1920 - -0.6%
1919 - 0.17%
1918 - -8.59%
1917 - -0.26%
1916 - -0.23%
1915 - -0.94%
1914 - -0.55%
1913 - -0.17%
1912 - -0.51%
1911 - -0.87%
1910 - -0.81%
1909 - -2.08%
1908 - -2.27%
1907 - -0.68%
1906 - -0.66%
1905 - -0.34%
1904 - -0.56%
1903 - 0.08%
1902 - -1.57%
1901 - -1.34%
1900 - -0.32%
1899 - 0.57%
1898 - 0.91%
1897 - 1.09%
1896 - -0.59%
1895 - 1%
1894 - 0.47%
1893 - -0.49%
1892 - -0.68%
1891 - -0.6%
1890 - 0.33%
1889 - 0.19%
1888 - -0.05%
1887 - -1.5%
1886 - -0.98%
1885 - -0.08%
1884 - 0.24%
1883 - 0.16%
1882 - 0.36%
1881 - -0.17%
1880 - -0.47%
1879 - -1.89%
1878 - -2.04%
1877 - -1.21%
1876 - -1.07%
1875 - -1.26%
1874 - -1.05%
1873 - 0.06%
1872 - -0.15%
1871 - 0.22%
1870 - -0.42%
1869 - -1.52%
1868 - -1.67%
1867 - -1.17%
1866 - -3.01%
1865 - -2.02%
1864 - -2.3%
1863 - -1.58%
1862 - -1.35%
1861 - -1.11%
1860 - -2.03%
1859 - -2.17%
1858 - -2.36%
1857 - -0.62%
1856 - -0.08%
1855 - -0.09%
1854 - -0.19%
1853 - 0.17%
1852 - -0.31%
1851 - -0.07%
1850 - 0.004%
1849 - 0.09%
1848 - 0.12%
1847 - 0.08%
1846 - 0.13%
1845 - 0.04%
1844 - 0.009%
1843 - 0.05%
1842 - -0.12%
1841 - 0.06%
1840 - -0.01%
1839 - -0.006%
1838 - 0.09%
1837 - -0.38%
1836 - -0.08%
1835 - 0.08%
1834 - -0.12%
1833 - 0.09%
1832 - 0.01%
1831 - -0.1%
1830 - -0.45%
1829 - 2.7%
1828 - 0.03%
1827 - -0.16%
1826 - 0.37%
1825 - 0.18%
1824 - -0.23%
1823 - 0.37%
1822 - -0.03%
1821 - -0.49%
1820 - 0.26%
1819 - 0.09%
1818 - 0.35%
1817 - 0.35%
1816 - 0.16%
1815 - 2.34%
1814 - -0.45%
1813 - -0.37%
1812 - 3.47%
1811 - -0.48%
1810 - -3.05%
1809 - -7.65%
1808 - -5.04%
1807 - 0.1%
1806 - 0.55%
1805 - 0.52%
1804 - -0.25%
1803 - 11.6%
1802 - 2.17%
1801 - 0.01%
1800 - -0.44%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/samoa/sweden | CC BY

In 2024, Samoa's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $109M, equivalent to 9.29% of GDP. This compares to Sweden's deficit of $10.4B, or 1.72% of GDP.

Over the past 33 years, Samoa recorded a fiscal deficit in 20 of those years, while Sweden ran a deficit in 19 years. On average, Samoa posted an annual deficit equal to 1.51% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.05% of GDP for Sweden.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Samoa

Sweden
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Samoa Sweden
2024 2.17% 2.84%
2023 7.92% 8.55%
2022 11% 8.37%
2021 3.13% 2.16%
2020 -1.57% 0.5%
2019 0.98% 1.78%
2018 4.2% 1.95%
2017 1.75% 1.79%
2016 1.3% 0.98%
2015 0.72% -0.05%
2014 -0.41% -0.18%
2013 0.61% -0.04%
2012 2.05% 0.89%
2011 5.24% 2.96%
2010 0.78% 1.16%
2009 6.32% -0.49%
2008 11.6% 3.44%
2007 5.58% 2.21%
2006 3.7% 1.36%
2005 1.86% 0.45%
2004 16.3% 0.37%
2003 0.12% 1.93%
2002 8.05% 2.16%
2001 3.84% 2.41%
2000 0.97% 0.9%
1999 0.27% 0.46%
1998 2.22% -0.27%
1997 6.86% 0.66%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/samoa/sweden | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Samoa has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.84%, compared with 1.76% in Sweden. In 2024, inflation was 2.17% in Samoa and 2.84% in Sweden.

Top exports between countries

Samoa
Export category Export value
Sweden
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $159K
Miscellaneous $2K
Textiles & consumer goods $2K
Metals $1K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1K

Balance of trade

Samoa Sweden
Current account balance
$65.6M
2024
$35.8B
2024
Current account balance ranking
72/190
2024
17/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+5.58%
2024
+5.92%
2024
Goods imports
$448M
2024
$188B
2024
Goods exports
$42.2M
2024
$218B
2024
Service imports
$128M
2024
$126B
2024
Service exports
$327M
2024
$116B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
48.9%
2024
51.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.7%
2024
54.3%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Samoa Sweden
Economic freedom 68 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 52/197 14/197
Property rights 77.1 96.2
Government integrity 64.1 91.6
Judicial effectiveness 77.6 95.6
Tax burden 79.3 51.6
Government spending 75.2 28.4
Fiscal health 98.7 97.5
Business freedom 63.7 84.8
Labor freedom 73.7 65.8
Monetary freedom 69.4 78.1
Trade freedom 67.2 79.4
Investment freedom 40 85
Financial freedom 30 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Samoa
Sweden
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Samoa Sweden
2026 68 77.8
2025 66.6 77.9
2024 67.2 77.5
2023 68.3 77.5
2022 68.3 77.9
2021 61.9 74.7
2020 62.1 74.9
2019 62.2 75.2
2018 61.5 76.3
2017 58.4 74.9
2016 63.5 72
2015 61.9 72.7
2014 61.1 73.1
2013 57.1 72.9
2012 60.5 71.7
2011 60.6 71.9
2010 60.4 72.4
2009 59.5 70.5
2008 - 70.8
2007 - 69.3
2006 - 70.9
2005 - 69.8
2004 - 70.1
2003 - 70
2002 - 70.8
2001 63.1 66.6
2000 60.8 65.1
1999 58.7 64.2
1998 49.9 64
1997 51.5 63.3
1996 47.6 61.8
1995 - 61.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/samoa/sweden | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Samoa is 68, ranking 52/197, compared to 77.8 for Sweden, ranking 14/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Samoa Sweden
Services, % of GDP
69.4%
2024
66.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
10.6%
2024
21.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
9.8%
2024
1.42%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$1.1B
2024
$615B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$8,620
2024
$75,000
2024
Total reserves including gold
$508M
2024
$62.6B
2024
Total reserves ranking
155/177
2024
37/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.69M
2024
$2.08B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$3.74M
2024
$27B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.05M
2024
$29.6B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.15%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
21.9%
2018
16.1%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
29%
2024
25.4%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/samoa/sweden | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.