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Economy of Finland vs Hungary compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Finland has a GDP of $317B compared to $246B for Hungary, ranking 48/197 and 55/197 by economy size, respectively.

Finland has $283B in government debt (89.3% of GDP), compared to $185B (75.2% of GDP) in Hungary.

Finland vs Hungary GDP by year

Finland
Hungary
1x
Year GDP, current $
Finland Hungary
2025 $317,039,368,820 $246,490,213,513
2024 $298,729,432,712 $222,848,211,034
2023 $295,191,741,637 $213,029,511,029
2022 $280,253,099,309 $177,002,580,544
2021 $294,223,210,496 $183,282,685,440
2020 $270,000,311,606 $158,468,487,754
2019 $267,014,821,129 $164,936,682,034
2018 $273,869,255,596 $161,184,691,014
2017 $253,846,138,440 $143,335,098,992
2016 $238,777,818,793 $128,983,560,865
2015 $233,210,733,506 $125,244,126,623
2014 $273,478,528,955 $141,128,696,412
2013 $270,268,036,626 $135,646,053,779
2012 $257,443,384,493 $128,470,269,690
2011 $275,126,915,516 $141,712,804,954
2010 $249,429,613,683 $131,898,737,241
2009 $253,480,783,439 $130,807,441,076
2008 $285,698,662,071 $158,228,265,916
2007 $256,360,251,538 $140,123,326,896
2006 $217,044,068,234 $115,604,111,412
2005 $204,859,368,791 $113,098,237,571
2004 $197,458,297,640 $104,015,363,080
2003 $171,612,867,736 $85,190,469,121
2002 $140,360,963,812 $67,636,468,625
2001 $129,519,672,869 $53,800,068,066
2000 $125,967,821,111 $47,275,954,429
1999 $135,234,241,918 $49,160,204,397
1998 $133,990,876,725 $48,784,412,624
1997 $126,862,902,302 $47,398,564,799
1996 $131,991,975,149 $46,833,767,124
1995 $134,060,457,516 $46,577,614,589
1994 $103,182,697,780 $43,307,949,890
1993 $89,112,105,756 $40,256,233,360
1992 $112,537,828,511 $38,857,339,125
1991 $127,794,441,994 $34,867,307,353
1990 $141,446,120,355 $34,478,360,679
1989 $118,991,270,611 $30,422,508,938
1988 $109,039,090,263 $29,799,838,597
1987 $91,564,993,913 $27,232,016,527
1986 $73,511,611,541 $24,778,163,812
1985 $55,856,676,899 $21,510,643,750
1984 $52,870,993,273 $21,242,726,264
1983 $50,956,447,481 $21,910,365,258
1982 $52,784,013,815 $24,141,667,188
1981 $52,440,066,134 $23,705,883,892
1980 $53,649,984,061 $23,116,977,148
1979 $44,469,218,440 $19,959,731,325
1978 $36,259,392,058 $17,286,744,154
1977 $33,502,784,418 $14,783,674,055
1976 $31,852,352,670 $13,235,612,079
1975 $29,475,251,333 $11,420,392,515
1974 $24,851,036,710 $10,016,338,179
1973 $19,474,098,335 $9,138,292,402
1972 $14,744,499,570 $7,379,313,742
1971 $12,528,522,307 $6,291,568,221
1970 $11,358,529,162 $5,780,929,203
1969 $10,177,524,839 $5,429,812,387
1968 $8,916,565,041 $4,886,222,555
1967 $9,468,272,357 -
1966 $9,306,142,172 -
1965 $8,680,393,839 -
1964 $7,848,987,793 -
1963 $6,958,916,548 -
1962 $6,407,796,043 -
1961 $5,984,433,774 -
1960 $5,279,481,824 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/hungary | CC BY

GDP per capita in Finland vs Hungary by year

Finland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Hungary
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Finland Hungary
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $56,149 - $25,907 -
2024 $53,156 $65,378 $23,305 $48,552
2023 $52,865 $63,415 $22,209 $46,592
2022 $50,441 $62,133 $18,428 $44,366
2021 $53,099 $56,790 $19,031 $38,887
2020 $48,829 $53,297 $16,387 $35,584
2019 $48,358 $52,276 $17,013 $35,627
2018 $49,654 $49,249 $16,605 $32,258
2017 $46,085 $47,235 $14,736 $29,728
2016 $43,451 $44,562 $13,216 $28,179
2015 $42,560 $42,258 $12,783 $26,938
2014 $50,074 $41,547 $14,353 $25,796
2013 $49,691 $41,326 $13,739 $24,592
2012 $47,552 $40,739 $12,950 $23,205
2011 $51,060 $40,846 $14,211 $22,992
2010 $46,506 $38,946 $13,190 $21,691
2009 $47,478 $37,988 $13,051 $20,691
2008 $53,769 $40,081 $15,763 $20,709
2007 $48,473 $37,843 $13,935 $19,089
2006 $41,214 $34,440 $11,478 $18,362
2005 $39,050 $32,048 $11,212 $17,091
2004 $37,768 $31,195 $10,291 $16,251
2003 $32,920 $29,043 $8,410 $15,460
2002 $26,989 $28,596 $6,658 $14,532
2001 $24,965 $27,798 $5,281 $13,223
2000 $24,336 $26,783 $4,630 $11,872
1999 $26,180 $24,762 $4,802 $10,892
1998 $26,000 $23,570 $4,752 $10,415
1997 $24,682 $21,787 $4,606 $9,846
1996 $25,757 $20,067 $4,542 $9,388
1995 $26,246 $19,568 $4,509 $9,222
1994 $20,278 $18,458 $4,187 $8,888
1993 $17,589 $17,458 $3,887 $8,441
1992 $22,320 $17,271 $3,747 $8,284
1991 $25,489 $17,563 $3,361 $8,352
1990 $28,366 $18,149 $3,324 $9,169
1989 $23,969 - $2,902 -
1988 $22,044 - $2,812 -
1987 $18,565 - $2,566 -
1986 $14,947 - $2,331 -
1985 $11,394 - $2,020 -
1984 $10,830 - $1,991 -
1983 $10,494 - $2,050 -
1982 $10,935 - $2,255 -
1981 $10,925 - $2,213 -
1980 $11,225 - $2,158 -
1979 $9,333 - $1,865 -
1978 $7,629 - $1,618 -
1977 $7,070 - $1,388 -
1976 $6,740 - $1,249 -
1975 $6,256 - $1,083 -
1974 $5,298 - $956 -
1973 $4,174 - $876 -
1972 $3,178 - $710 -
1971 $2,716 - $607 -
1970 $2,466 - $559 -
1969 $2,201 - $527 -
1968 $1,927 - $476 -
1967 $2,056 - - -
1966 $2,032 - - -
1965 $1,902 - - -
1964 $1,726 - - -
1963 $1,538 - - -
1962 $1,427 - - -
1961 $1,341 - - -
1960 $1,192 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/hungary | CC BY

Finland's GDP per capita is $56,149, ranking 22/197, compared to $25,907 in Hungary, ranking 52/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Finland ranks 27th at $65,378, while Hungary ranks 48th at $48,552.

Economic indicators

Finland Hungary
Gross domestic product
$317B
2025
$246B
2025
GDP rank
48/197
2025
55/197
2025
GDP growth
0.17%
2024-2025
0.51%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$56,149
2025
$25,907
2025
GDP per capita rank
22/197
2025
52/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$65,378
2024
$48,552
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
27/197
2024
48/197
2024
Government debt
$283B
2025
$185B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
89.3%
2025
75.2%
2025
Government debt per person
$50,138
2025
$19,473
2025
Government debt per person rank
11/185
2025
33/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$36,402
2026
$18,331
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$20.3B
2004
$62.6B
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
27,000
2026
Number of billionaires
7
2026
4
2026
Income share by richest 10%
22.5%
2023
24.4%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
2.8%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.6%
2025
47.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.34%
2024-2025
4.41%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
6.25%
2026
Unemployment rate
9.7%
2025
4.4%
2025
Population
5647947
9454659

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Finland
Spending

Debt
Hungary
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Finland Hungary
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 57.6% 89.3% 47.5% 75.2%
2024 57.8% 82.4% 46.9% 73.5%
2023 56% 77% 49.3% 73.2%
2022 52.6% 74% 48.9% 74.1%
2021 55.2% 73.1% 48.1% 76.2%
2020 56.5% 75.3% 51% 78.7%
2019 52.6% 65.3% 45.8% 65%
2018 52.7% 65.3% 45.9% 68.8%
2017 52.8% 66.6% 46.6% 72%
2016 55.1% 68.6% 46.7% 74.6%
2015 55.7% 68.8% 50.4% 75.7%
2014 57.6% 64.8% 50% 76.5%
2013 57.1% 60.8% 50.1% 77.2%
2012 55.7% 57.9% 49.2% 78.4%
2011 53.8% 52% 49.1% 80.5%
2010 54% 50.1% 48.9% 80.2%
2009 54.1% 41.5% 50.7% 78.2%
2008 47.9% 32.6% 48.8% 71.8%
2007 46.7% 33.9% 49.9% 65.6%
2006 48.3% 38% 51.4% 64.5%
2005 49.2% 39.9% 49.4% 60.6%
2004 48.2% 42.6% 48.8% 58.9%
2003 48.3% 42.7% 49.2% 58.2%
2002 47.5% 40.1% 51% 55.6%
2001 46.2% 40.9% 47.2% 52.2%
2000 46.9% 42.4% 47.3% 55.6%
1999 49.9% 44% 48.9% 60.3%
1998 51.3% 46.8% 50.7% 60.4%
1997 54.9% 52.2% 49.5% 62.2%
1996 58.5% 55.4% 50.9% 71.2%
1995 60% 55.2% 55% 83.9%
1994 62.2% 56.2% - 86.2%
1993 63.7% 54.2% - 87.2%
1992 60.8% 39.3% - 76.5%
1991 55.8% 21.9% - 74.2%
1990 47.1% 13.9% - 63.7%
1989 44.4% 14.3% - 70.7%
1988 46.4% 16.5% - -
1987 47.8% 17.6% - -
1986 46.9% 16.4% - -
1985 46.3% 15.8% - -
1984 44.4% 15.2% - -
1983 44.4% 15.4% - -
1982 42.7% 13.9% - -
1981 41% 11.5% - -
1980 40.1% 10.9% - -
1979 40.3% 11% - -
1978 41.3% 10.7% - -
1977 41.7% 8.22% - -
1976 39.8% 7.09% - -
1975 38.6% 6.76% - -
1974 22.9% 2.97% - -
1973 21.8% 4.42% - -
1972 20.4% 6.46% - -
1971 22.8% 7.94% - -
1970 21.9% 9.19% - -
1969 22.2% 10.8% - -
1968 25.5% 13.9% - -
1967 23.5% 14.2% - -
1966 23.3% 13.7% - -
1965 23.2% 13% - -
1964 22.8% 12.5% - -
1963 21.6% 12.2% - -
1962 23.9% 10.3% - -
1961 22.7% 9.12% - -
1960 22.5% 9.96% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1994, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/hungary | CC BY

In 2025, Finland's government spending was $183B, accounting for 57.6% of its GDP, while Hungary spent $117B, or 47.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 89.3% in Finland and 75.2% in Hungary, ranking 31/185 and 50/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Finland

Hungary
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Finland Hungary
2025 -3.88% -4.68%
2024 -4.4% -4.9%
2023 -2.89% -6.77%
2022 -0.18% -6.19%
2021 -2.69% -7.11%
2020 -5.53% -7.49%
2019 -0.93% -2.02%
2018 -0.87% -2.05%
2017 -0.63% -2.45%
2016 -1.7% -1.79%
2015 -2.43% -2%
2014 -2.99% -2.77%
2013 -2.52% -2.6%
2012 -2.15% -2.33%
2011 -1.01% -5.22%
2010 -2.57% -4.44%
2009 -2.48% -4.76%
2008 4.18% -3.78%
2007 5.12% -5.09%
2006 3.93% -9.27%
2005 2.59% -7.79%
2004 2.16% -6.6%
2003 2.34% -7.19%
2002 3.97% -8.79%
2001 4.89% -4%
2000 6.73% -3.04%
1999 1.6% -5.27%
1998 1.54% -7.41%
1997 -1.33% -5.54%
1996 -3.37% -4.36%
1995 -5.98% -8.57%
1994 -6.41% -
1993 -8.09% -
1992 -4.88% -
1991 0.3% -
1990 6.63% -
1989 6.73% -
1988 5.09% -
1987 1.63% -
1986 3.83% -
1985 3.33% -
1984 3.23% -
1983 1.52% -
1982 3.06% -
1981 5.11% -
1980 3.7% -
1979 3.41% -
1978 3.83% -
1977 6.27% -
1976 7.65% -
1975 4.96% -
1974 -0.03% -
1973 1.48% -
1972 -0.18% -
1971 0.15% -
1970 1.06% -
1969 0.94% -
1968 -1.69% -
1967 -0.26% -
1966 -1.08% -
1965 -1.67% -
1964 -1.35% -
1963 -2.5% -
1962 -2.37% -
1961 -3.03% -
1960 -0.52% -
1959 -0.12% -
1958 -1.73% -
1957 0.08% -
1956 -1.14% -
1955 -1% -
1954 -0.17% -
1953 0.02% -
1952 -1.24% -
1951 1.1% -
1950 -0.26% -
1949 -2.77% -
1948 1.88% -
1947 -5.99% -
1946 -15.3% -
1945 -6.35% -
1944 -21.5% -
1943 -14.2% -0.17%
1942 -16.4% 0.31%
1941 -35.8% 0.2%
1940 -36.9% -0.07%
1939 -9.76% 0.19%
1938 -1.48% -0.11%
1937 -4.44% -0.01%
1936 -3.75% 0.08%
1935 -3.81% 0.03%
1934 -2.81% 0.04%
1933 -1.63% -0.03%
1932 -2.61% -0.22%
1931 -2.32% -0.32%
1930 -1.94% -0.26%
1929 -0.78% 0.02%
1928 -2.07% 0.12%
1927 -0.32% 0.15%
1926 -2.9% -
1925 -2.92% -
1924 0.04% -
1923 -2.3% -
1922 0.62% -
1921 -2.59% -
1920 -2.6% -
1919 -7.49% -
1918 -11.4% -
1917 -1.27% -
1916 1.48% -
1915 -0.29% -
1914 -1.15% -
1913 -0.25% -
1912 0.33% -
1911 -0.14% -
1910 -0.3% -
1909 -2.64% -
1908 -1.92% -
1907 0.24% -
1906 0.86% -
1905 -1.28% -
1904 -1.63% -
1903 -0.3% -
1902 -1.74% -
1901 -2.13% -
1900 -0.52% -
1899 -1% -
1898 -4.55% -
1897 -0.37% -
1896 -0.56% -
1895 -1.21% -
1894 -0.62% -
1893 0% -
1892 0.82% -
1891 0.16% -
1890 0.17% -
1889 0.18% -
1888 -0.59% -
1887 -1.46% -
1886 0% -
1885 -1.2% -
1884 -0.2% -
1883 0% -
1882 0.2% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1882–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/hungary | CC BY

In 2025, Finland's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $12.3B, equivalent to 3.88% of GDP. This compares to Hungary's deficit of $11.5B, or 4.68% of GDP.

Over the past 31 years, Finland recorded a fiscal deficit in 20 of those years, while Hungary ran a deficit in 31 years. On average, Finland posted an annual deficit equal to 0.37% of GDP, compared to deficit of 5.04% of GDP for Hungary.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Finland

Hungary
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Finland Hungary
2025 0.34% 4.41%
2024 1.57% 3.7%
2023 6.25% 17.1%
2022 7.12% 14.6%
2021 2.19% 5.11%
2020 0.29% 3.33%
2019 1.02% 3.34%
2018 1.08% 2.85%
2017 0.75% 2.35%
2016 0.36% 0.39%
2015 -0.21% -0.06%
2014 1.04% -0.23%
2013 1.48% 1.73%
2012 2.81% 5.65%
2011 3.42% 3.93%
2010 1.18% 4.86%
2009 -0% 4.21%
2008 4.07% 6.04%
2007 2.51% 7.96%
2006 1.57% 3.93%
2005 0.62% 3.56%
2004 0.19% 6.74%
2003 0.88% 4.66%
2002 1.57% 5.27%
2001 2.58% 9.12%
2000 3.04% 9.8%
1999 1.16% 10%
1998 1.4% 14.2%
1997 1.19% 18.3%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/hungary | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Finland has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.78%, compared with 6.1% in Hungary. In 2025, inflation was 0.34% in Finland and 4.41% in Hungary.

Top exports between countries

Finland
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $151M
Wood & paper products $70.8M
IT & IP services $39M
Transport & tourism services $37.9M
Chemicals & pharma $37.8M
Metals $24.9M
Business & finance services $22.7M
Textiles & consumer goods $10.9M
Manufacturing & construction services $7.66M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $7.04M
Hungary
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $240M
Business & finance services $161M
Transport & tourism services $66.6M
Chemicals & pharma $65.1M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $43.9M
Raw materials & minerals $21.7M
Textiles & consumer goods $21.6M
IT & IP services $19.6M
Metals $9.97M
Wood & paper products $8.26M

Balance of trade

Finland Hungary
Current account balance
$4.23B
2025
$4.08B
2025
Current account balance ranking
33/190
2025
34/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.34%
2025
+1.65%
2025
Goods imports
$81.3B
2025
$139B
2025
Goods exports
$90.7B
2025
$136B
2025
Service imports
$48.9B
2025
$29.8B
2025
Service exports
$43.6B
2025
$43.1B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.1%
2025
68.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
42.3%
2025
72.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Finland Hungary
Economic freedom 76.6 62.5
Economic freedom ranking 15/197 86/197
Property rights 99.9 67.3
Government integrity 95.4 44
Judicial effectiveness 96.4 61.9
Tax burden 68.4 85.1
Government spending 7.9 30.2
Fiscal health 76.3 32.7
Business freedom 85.3 70.8
Labor freedom 65.4 56.5
Monetary freedom 80.3 72.1
Trade freedom 79.4 79.4
Investment freedom 85 80
Financial freedom 80 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Finland
Hungary
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Finland Hungary
2026 76.6 62.5
2025 77 61.4
2024 76.3 61.2
2023 77.1 64.1
2022 78.3 66.9
2021 76.1 67.2
2020 75.7 66.4
2019 74.9 65
2018 74.1 66.7
2017 74 65.8
2016 72.6 66
2015 73.4 66.8
2014 73.4 67
2013 74 67.3
2012 72.3 67.1
2011 74 66.6
2010 73.8 66.1
2009 74.5 66.8
2008 74.6 67.6
2007 74 64.8
2006 72.9 65
2005 71 63.5
2004 73.4 62.7
2003 73.7 63
2002 73.6 64.5
2001 69.7 65.6
2000 64.3 64.4
1999 63.9 59.6
1998 63.5 56.9
1997 65.2 55.3
1996 63.7 56.8
1995 - 55.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/hungary | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Finland is 76.6, ranking 15/197, compared to 62.5 for Hungary, ranking 86/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Finland Hungary
Services, % of GDP
62.1%
2025
60.1%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
22.5%
2025
23%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.61%
2025
2.65%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$312B
2025
$227B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$66,300
2025
$48,630
2025
Total reserves including gold
$22.5B
2025
$59.1B
2025
Total reserves ranking
64/177
2025
42/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$6.97B
2025
$9.1B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$8.74B
2024
-$61.3B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
-$76.3B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.2%
2022
12.1%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.9%
2025
22.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/hungary | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1882–1994, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.