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Economy of Haiti vs Uruguay compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Haiti has a GDP of $25.2B compared to $81B for Uruguay, ranking 118/197 and 80/197 by economy size, respectively.

Haiti has $3.77B in government debt (11.8% of GDP), compared to $55.6B (68.5% of GDP) in Uruguay.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Haiti
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Uruguay
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Haiti Uruguay
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $273,187,200 $6,694,501,129 $1,242,289,239 $16,784,217,051
1961 $271,066,000 $6,498,219,675 $1,547,388,781 $17,202,653,947
1962 $281,896,800 $7,010,771,683 $1,710,004,407 $16,931,789,757
1963 $294,883,400 $6,878,072,319 $1,539,681,491 $16,960,651,492
1964 $325,281,200 $6,764,765,888 $1,975,701,816 $17,374,579,716
1965 $353,251,800 $6,911,006,452 $1,890,767,156 $17,556,249,026
1966 $368,948,600 $6,871,213,789 $1,809,185,094 $18,093,971,641
1967 $369,124,200 $6,725,703,043 $1,597,713,469 $17,432,305,114
1968 $367,968,800 $6,939,689,176 $1,593,674,185 $17,761,585,972
1969 $391,820,400 $7,204,226,192 $2,004,435,484 $18,803,256,922
1970 $331,200,000 $7,251,136,778 $2,137,096,774 $19,241,977,028
1971 $362,800,000 $7,721,038,032 $2,807,258,065 $19,193,542,753
1972 $371,998,958 $7,796,480,893 $2,189,418,689 $18,940,270,548
1973 $466,798,973 $8,167,228,672 $3,964,296,443 $18,992,394,100
1974 $565,399,322 $8,639,285,436 $4,090,209,682 $19,542,289,357
1975 $681,400,000 $8,736,283,401 $3,538,278,047 $20,733,765,994
1976 $879,000,000 $9,473,523,980 $3,667,161,241 $21,549,737,170
1977 $947,000,000 $9,824,816,122 $4,114,670,014 $21,863,385,229
1978 $974,200,000 $10,434,825,547 $4,910,254,566 $23,038,320,348
1979 $1,080,600,000 $11,223,742,331 $7,181,182,224 $24,466,492,719
1980 $1,383,800,000 $12,051,458,301 $10,163,020,116 $25,896,167,975
1981 $1,479,400,000 $11,707,665,180 $11,048,301,421 $26,300,034,208
1982 $1,474,200,000 $11,290,433,821 $9,178,780,077 $23,733,710,676
1983 $1,623,600,000 $11,392,971,448 $5,102,276,308 $21,295,214,497
1984 $1,816,200,000 $11,427,254,840 $4,850,238,550 $21,051,891,661
1985 $2,009,400,000 $11,496,233,326 $4,732,017,873 $21,360,625,237
1986 $2,318,000,000 $11,439,039,015 $5,880,112,788 $23,242,455,371
1987 $2,047,200,000 $11,348,253,230 $7,367,494,080 $25,100,256,718
1988 $2,613,926,800 $11,370,998,175 $8,213,538,369 $25,471,975,823
1989 $2,736,243,800 $11,039,712,740 $8,438,951,476 $25,753,161,225
1990 $3,096,289,800 $11,154,318,515 $9,298,807,850 $25,829,737,832
1991 $3,473,562,628 $11,364,080,464 $11,206,176,651 $26,743,802,791
1992 $2,257,129,792 $10,760,655,414 $12,878,148,791 $28,865,011,155
1993 $1,878,253,767 $10,176,750,400 $15,002,136,971 $29,632,112,135
1994 $2,167,569,046 $8,960,564,686 $17,474,588,896 $31,789,727,752
1995 $2,813,313,279 $9,847,455,168 $19,297,663,097 $31,329,539,981
1996 $2,907,517,604 $10,255,215,965 $20,515,458,114 $33,077,088,489
1997 $3,338,949,152 $10,532,590,220 $23,969,739,234 $35,904,413,225
1998 $3,723,903,724 $10,762,394,521 $25,385,886,978 $37,526,894,199
1999 $4,153,725,884 $11,054,082,104 $23,983,945,191 $36,956,130,432
2000 $6,813,566,099 $11,150,259,169 $22,823,270,892 $36,242,902,750
2001 $6,331,970,324 $11,112,041,892 $20,898,761,742 $34,849,678,467
2002 $6,205,847,214 $11,228,920,586 $13,606,515,723 $32,155,098,813
2003 $5,071,947,798 $11,619,774,578 $12,045,638,352 $32,414,038,652
2004 $6,087,360,684 $11,466,642,593 $13,686,329,890 $34,036,089,124
2005 $7,030,149,730 $11,818,917,734 $17,362,857,684 $36,575,226,345
2006 $7,638,739,123 $12,027,964,913 $19,741,420,740 $38,074,290,289
2007 $9,228,637,768 $12,594,064,682 $23,797,773,024 $40,564,924,117
2008 $10,432,962,635 $12,928,818,991 $31,119,602,539 $43,475,921,755
2009 $11,597,002,835 $13,690,375,423 $32,708,319,078 $45,320,819,971
2010 $11,859,312,725 $12,916,662,277 $41,950,361,212 $48,857,389,210
2011 $13,008,746,039 $13,575,181,302 $50,342,406,067 $51,379,472,634
2012 $13,708,925,477 $13,643,386,326 $54,232,266,359 $53,197,370,201
2013 $14,902,488,604 $14,233,433,331 $61,337,621,934 $55,664,418,794
2014 $15,146,883,498 $14,644,604,840 $61,496,186,974 $57,467,273,108
2015 $14,849,629,309 $14,849,629,309 $57,680,327,999 $57,680,327,999
2016 $14,069,277,526 $15,118,774,100 $57,480,787,465 $58,655,009,160
2017 $15,093,357,161 $15,498,296,354 $65,005,997,963 $59,675,827,117
2018 $16,403,864,618 $15,756,778,638 $65,344,577,416 $59,774,159,518
2019 $15,016,090,930 $15,485,274,058 $62,222,313,619 $60,329,073,610
2020 $14,508,222,518 $14,973,407,477 $53,559,359,262 $55,890,466,349
2021 $20,877,414,953 $14,704,149,691 $60,739,084,241 $59,156,857,854
2022 $20,253,551,921 $14,456,828,251 $70,594,110,920 $61,810,768,801
2023 $19,850,585,722 $14,187,369,713 $77,991,666,838 $62,269,484,309
2024 $25,224,154,991 $13,595,808,327 $80,961,511,074 $64,204,978,532

Economic indicators

Haiti Uruguay
Gross domestic product
$25.2B
2024
$81B
2024
GDP rank
118/197
2024
80/197
2024
GDP growth
27.1%
2023-2024
3.81%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,143
2024
$23,907
2024
GDP per capita rank
154/197
2024
51/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$3,183
2024
$36,418
2024
Government debt
$3.77B
2024
$55.6B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
11.8%
2025
68.5%
2025
Government debt per person
$320
2024
$16,423
2024
Government debt per person rank
177/185
2024
37/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,081
2025
$12,053
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$284M
1996
Income share by richest 10%
31.2%
2012
30%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
2.1%
2012
2.2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
6.09%
2025
31.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
26.9%
2023-2024
4.85%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
8.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
14.1%
2012
8.21%
2024
Population
12011655
3384690

GDP per capita in Haiti vs Uruguay

Haiti's GDP per capita is $2,143, ranking 154/197, compared to $23,907 in Uruguay, ranking 51/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Haiti ranks 177th at $3,183, while Uruguay ranks 61st at $36,418.

Haiti
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Uruguay
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Haiti Uruguay
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $70.8 - $491 -
1961 $69 - $604 -
1962 $70.4 - $659 -
1963 $72.4 - $587 -
1964 $78.5 - $745 -
1965 $83.6 - $705 -
1966 $85.7 - $668 -
1967 $84.2 - $585 -
1968 $82.4 - $579 -
1969 $86.1 - $723 -
1970 $71.5 - $766 -
1971 $76.8 - $1,000 -
1972 $77.3 - $776 -
1973 $95.1 - $1,397 -
1974 $113 - $1,433 -
1975 $133.6 - $1,232 -
1976 $169.1 - $1,268 -
1977 $178.7 - $1,414 -
1978 $180.3 - $1,678 -
1979 $196.2 - $2,443 -
1980 $246.5 - $3,443 -
1981 $258.5 - $3,728 -
1982 $252.6 - $3,085 -
1983 $272.8 - $1,707 -
1984 $299.2 - $1,615 -
1985 $325 - $1,568 -
1986 $367 - $1,939 -
1987 $318 - $2,416 -
1988 $397 - $2,677 -
1989 $407 - $2,734 -
1990 $452 $2,202 $2,995 $6,683
1991 $497 $2,273 $3,589 $7,112
1992 $316 $2,158 $4,102 $7,808
1993 $258.1 $2,048 $4,753 $8,162
1994 $292.1 $1,807 $5,508 $8,897
1995 $372 $1,989 $6,050 $8,906
1996 $377 $2,070 $6,398 $9,524
1997 $425 $2,122 $7,436 $10,461
1998 $465 $2,152 $7,837 $11,002
1999 $510 $2,201 $7,371 $10,938
2000 $821 $2,229 $6,988 $10,929
2001 $749 $2,230 $6,383 $10,719
2002 $721 $2,248 $4,150 $10,030
2003 $579 $2,331 $3,671 $10,303
2004 $683 $2,322 $4,169 $11,103
2005 $776 $2,427 $5,284 $12,296
2006 $829 $2,504 $6,001 $13,179
2007 $985 $2,647 $7,222 $14,397
2008 $1,095 $2,724 $9,424 $15,694
2009 $1,197 $2,855 $9,881 $16,422
2010 $1,210 $2,695 $12,641 $17,873
2011 $1,312 $2,858 $15,132 $19,135
2012 $1,361 $2,830 $16,260 $19,495
2013 $1,458 $3,042 $18,335 $20,661
2014 $1,460 $3,076 $18,322 $21,868
2015 $1,411 $3,026 $17,126 $22,169
2016 $1,318 $3,253 $17,010 $22,841
2017 $1,395 $3,339 $19,185 $23,607
2018 $1,496 $3,197 $19,250 $24,386
2019 $1,352 $3,237 $18,316 $25,783
2020 $1,290 $3,103 $15,758 $25,725
2021 $1,835 $3,135 $17,882 $29,432
2022 $1,761 $3,265 $20,819 $33,001
2023 $1,706 $3,281 $23,019 $34,471
2024 $2,143 $3,183 $23,907 $36,418

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Haiti's government spending was $1.21B, accounting for 6.09% of its GDP, while Uruguay's spent $25.2B, or 31.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 11.8% in Haiti and 68.5% in Uruguay, ranking 179/185 and 59/185, respectively.

Haiti
Government spending

Government debt
Uruguay
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Haiti Uruguay
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 7.34% 21.6% 9.9% -
1961 - - 13% -
1962 - - 16% -
1963 8.95% - 14.6% -
1964 - - 14.3% -
1965 7.91% - 15.6% -
1966 7.2% - 14.1% -
1967 7.52% - 14.7% -
1968 10.3% - 14.1% -
1969 10.1% - 14.6% -
1970 11.4% 12.5% 15.1% 6.11%
1971 11.2% 11% 20.1% 9.3%
1972 11.2% 11.1% 24.6% 9.12%
1973 9.4% 8.92% 22.6% 7%
1974 9.24% 13.3% 23.8% 7.61%
1975 12.8% 14.2% 23% 8.13%
1976 13.4% 14.9% 24.2% 8.67%
1977 16.7% 18.5% 23.5% 7.26%
1978 18.9% 20.1% 22.9% 5.64%
1979 13.1% 19.8% 20.2% 3.98%
1980 17.2% 20.3% 21.8% 4.59%
1981 17.4% 23.7% 25% 4.32%
1982 20.7% 25.5% 29.5% 13.5%
1983 21.9% 28.9% 26.5% 21.2%
1984 16.9% 27.3% 25.6% 39.5%
1985 17.4% 25.6% 24.6% 29%
1986 15.1% 26.5% 25.1% 34.6%
1987 32.4% 58.6% 24.4% 37.3%
1988 - 90.9% 26% 34.8%
1989 - 98.7% 37% -
1990 - 85.1% 21.1% 26.2%
1991 - 80.7% 22.2% 20.4%
1992 - 118.9% 23.6% 22.2%
1993 - 98% 27.7% 20%
1994 - 35.3% 29.5% 19.3%
1995 - 26.2% 26.2% 18.5%
1996 - 26.2% 26.5% 18.3%
1997 5.46% 26.2% 27.6% 18.8%
1998 5.4% 24% 27.3% 19.4%
1999 6.91% 24.1% 27.2% 24.1%
2000 6.25% 32.5% 26.6% 30.5%
2001 6.11% 28.8% 27.8% 39.4%
2002 6.64% 32% 27.6% 90.1%
2003 7.83% 37.8% 27.7% 91.9%
2004 7.38% 30.4% 26.6% 73.7%
2005 8.75% 29.7% 26.3% 66.2%
2006 9.67% 32.2% 26.8% 61.1%
2007 11.1% 24.4% 26.8% 52.8%
2008 11.2% 33.9% 26.3% 46.2%
2009 11.6% 19.4% 27.2% 46.2%
2010 12.6% 24.9% 27.4% 40.9%
2011 14.1% 22.3% 26.3% 41.3%
2012 16.4% 24.1% 27.7% 49.8%
2013 15.9% 25.1% 28.8% 50%
2014 14.6% 21.4% 29.1% 51.1%
2015 12.7% 23.9% 28.4% 57.8%
2016 10.5% 24.4% 29.7% 56.4%
2017 10.2% 22.5% 29.7% 55.8%
2018 11.3% 24.1% 30.4% 57.9%
2019 9.59% 26.5% 30.6% 59.6%
2020 10% 22.3% 32.8% 68.2%
2021 9.31% 28.9% 30.2% 64.1%
2022 8.33% 29.5% 30% 59.9%
2023 6.53% 28.5% 30.5% 64%
2024 4.79% 14.9% 31.1% 68.7%
2025 6.09% 11.8% 31.2% 68.5%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Haiti's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.69B, equivalent to 6.71% of GDP. This compares to Uruguay's deficit of -$2.59B, or -3.2% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Haiti recorded a fiscal deficit in 49 of those years, while Uruguay ran a deficit in 59 years. On average, Haiti posted an annual deficit equal to -1.84% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2.21% of GDP for Uruguay.

Deficit/surplus
Haiti

Uruguay
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Haiti Uruguay
1924 -0.14% -
1925 0.05% -
1926 -0.45% -
1927 0.73% -
1928 -0.25% -
1929 -0.32% -
1930 -0.52% -
1931 -0.49% -
1932 0.4% -
1933 0% -
1934 -1.23% -
1935 -0.2% -
1936 -0.06% -
1937 -0.08% -
1938 0.15% -
1939 -0.16% -
1940 0.13% -
1941 -0.21% -
1942 -0.21% -
1943 -0.21% -
1944 -0.21% -
1945 0.47% -
1946 0.51% -
1947 1.06% -
1948 0.21% -
1949 -0.12% -
1950 -0.12% -
1951 -0.12% -
1952 -0.12% -
1953 -1.01% -
1954 -0.81% -
1955 -0.86% -1.24%
1956 -2.18% 0.04%
1957 0.28% -0.72%
1958 -2.21% -1.38%
1959 -1.11% 0.64%
1960 0.006% 0.79%
1961 0.006% -0.86%
1962 0.006% -5.02%
1963 0% -4.4%
1964 0% -3.61%
1965 0% -5.14%
1966 0% -2.01%
1967 0% -4.12%
1968 -0.46% -2.93%
1969 -0.39% -2.37%
1970 -0.19% -1.33%
1971 -0.08% -5.86%
1972 0.24% -2.25%
1973 0.03% -1.09%
1974 0.23% -3.74%
1975 -1.73% -4.38%
1976 -1.16% -2.01%
1977 -2.85% -0.69%
1978 -3.24% -0.47%
1979 -2.21% 0.99%
1980 -5.68% 0.43%
1981 -4.38% -1.15%
1982 -3.93% -8.22%
1983 -5.72% -3.54%
1984 -3.52% -4.94%
1985 -0.97% -1.88%
1986 -1.4% -0.34%
1987 -4.94% -0.66%
1988 -4.94% -1.47%
1989 -4.94% -13.1%
1990 -4.94% 0.49%
1991 -4.94% 0.88%
1992 -4.94% 0.6%
1993 -4.94% -0.47%
1994 -4.94% -2.37%
1995 -4.94% -1.08%
1996 -4.94% -1.32%
1997 0.37% -0.97%
1998 0.21% -0.76%
1999 -1.54% -2.76%
2000 -1.36% -2.76%
2001 -1.55% -2.85%
2002 -1.8% -3.19%
2003 -2.24% -2.19%
2004 -1.34% -0.87%
2005 -0.83% -0.28%
2006 -0.91% -0.64%
2007 -1.55% -0.16%
2008 -1.8% -1.31%
2009 -2% -1.39%
2010 -1.5% -0.39%
2011 -1.43% -0.33%
2012 -2.71% -2.17%
2013 -3.98% -1.72%
2014 -3.64% -2.6%
2015 -1.47% -1.86%
2016 0.12% -2.68%
2017 -0.32% -2.51%
2018 -1.13% -1.91%
2019 -1.99% -2.74%
2020 -2.11% -4.66%
2021 -2.35% -2.62%
2022 -1.75% -2.52%
2023 0.77% -3.13%
2024 6.71% -3.2%
2025 -0.12% -2.94%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Haiti has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 13.7%, compared with 9.24% in Uruguay. In 2024, inflation was 26.9% in Haiti and 4.85% in Uruguay.

Inflation
Haiti

Uruguay
Year Inflation
Haiti Uruguay Haiti Uruguay
1996 20.6% 28.3%
1997 20.6% 19.8%
1998 5.27% 10.8%
1999 3% 5.66%
2000 9.33% 4.76%
2001 13.3% 4.36%
2002 7.03% 14%
2003 28.7% 19.4%
2004 21% 9.16%
2005 14% 4.7%
2006 11.3% 6.4%
2007 6.56% 8.11%
2008 15.3% 7.88%
2009 0.39% 7.06%
2010 4.83% 6.7%
2011 6.33% 8.09%
2012 5.02% 8.1%
2013 4.77% 8.58%
2014 3.44% 8.88%
2015 6.73% 8.67%
2016 11.5% 9.64%
2017 10.7% 6.22%
2018 12.5% 7.61%
2019 18.7% 7.88%
2020 22.8% 9.76%
2021 16.8% 7.75%
2022 34% 9.1%
2023 36.8% 5.87%
2024 26.9% 4.85%

Top exports between countries

Haiti
Export category Export value
Miscellaneous $57K
Uruguay
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $6.87M
Chemicals & pharma $295K
Wood & paper products $65K
Animal & marine products $38K

Balance of trade

Haiti Uruguay
Current account balance
-$683M
2023
-$837M
2024
Current account balance ranking
112/189
2023
118/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.44%
2023
-1.03%
2024
Goods imports
$4.71B
2023
$12.9B
2024
Goods exports
$956M
2023
$16.4B
2024
Service imports
$588M
2023
$6.22B
2024
Service exports
$139M
2023
$6.87B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
18.8%
2024
23.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
3.4%
2024
28.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Haiti Uruguay
Economic freedom 46.1 70.2
Economic freedom ranking 179/197 35/197
Property rights 10.7 86
Government integrity 13 77.5
Judicial effectiveness 16.7 81.8
Tax burden 81.7 77.3
Government spending 98.1 72.3
Fiscal health 96.6 79.6
Business freedom 33.3 84
Labor freedom 54.9 61.8
Monetary freedom 41.2 68.5
Trade freedom 66.4 73
Investment freedom 20 50
Financial freedom 20 30

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Haiti is 46.1, ranking 179/197, compared to 70.2 for Uruguay, ranking 35/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Haiti
Uruguay
Year Economic freedom index
Haiti Uruguay
1995 43 62.5
1996 41 63.7
1997 45.8 67.5
1998 45.7 68.6
1999 45.9 68.5
2000 45.7 69.3
2001 47.1 70.7
2002 47.9 68.7
2003 50.6 69.8
2004 51.2 66.7
2005 48.4 66.9
2006 49.2 65.3
2007 51.4 68.4
2008 49 67.9
2009 50.5 69.1
2010 50.8 69.8
2011 52.1 70
2012 50.7 69.9
2013 48.1 69.7
2014 48.9 69.3
2015 51.3 68.6
2016 51.3 68.8
2017 49.6 69.7
2018 55.8 69.2
2019 52.7 68.6
2020 52.3 69.1
2021 50.8 69.3
2022 50 70
2023 49.9 70.2
2024 48.2 69.8
2025 46.1 70.2

More economic indicators

Haiti Uruguay
Services, % of GDP
48.3%
2024
65.3%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
33.4%
2024
16.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
15.9%
2024
6.42%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$20.7B
2024
$73.1B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$3,180
2024
$34,060
2024
Total reserves including gold
$2.72B
2024
$17.4B
2024
Total reserves ranking
121/177
2024
66/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$23.6M
2023
$2.38B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$40.9M
2024
-$2.46B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$1M
1999
-$74.8M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
0.32%
2023
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
58.5%
2012
17.3%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
9.94%
2024
15.6%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.