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Economy of Austria vs Uruguay compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Austria has a GDP of $579B compared to $85.3B for Uruguay, ranking 29/197 and 84/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $466B in government debt (80.5% of GDP), compared to $56B (65.7% of GDP) in Uruguay.

Austria vs Uruguay GDP by year

Austria
Uruguay
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria Uruguay
2025 $579,470,021,095 $85,347,696,278
2024 $534,790,720,467 $82,322,859,144
2023 $516,670,509,629 $79,208,725,900
2022 $473,221,298,968 $71,240,669,088
2021 $480,466,363,177 $60,739,061,281
2020 $434,397,601,558 $53,559,354,501
2019 $442,983,642,372 $62,222,324,965
2018 $452,582,294,973 $65,344,577,416
2017 $414,926,138,133 $65,006,039,810
2016 $393,687,359,770 $57,480,787,465
2015 $379,546,097,301 $57,680,327,999
2014 $438,556,021,078 $61,496,186,974
2013 $426,580,502,769 $61,337,621,934
2012 $406,750,487,604 $54,232,266,359
2011 $428,954,737,064 $50,342,406,067
2010 $389,827,789,218 $41,950,361,212
2009 $399,290,118,782 $32,708,319,078
2008 $429,234,399,096 $31,119,602,539
2007 $386,760,177,589 $23,797,773,024
2006 $333,905,979,332 $19,741,420,740
2005 $313,952,317,331 $17,362,857,684
2004 $299,210,411,455 $13,686,329,890
2003 $260,779,834,340 $12,045,638,352
2002 $212,837,224,023 $13,606,515,723
2001 $196,477,206,829 $20,898,761,742
2000 $196,181,599,831 $22,823,270,892
1999 $216,421,809,126 $23,983,945,191
1998 $217,068,085,816 $25,385,886,978
1997 $211,724,812,267 $23,969,739,234
1996 $235,952,581,232 $20,515,458,114
1995 $240,094,169,510 $19,297,663,097
1994 $202,738,023,130 $17,474,588,896
1993 $189,634,029,339 $15,002,136,971
1992 $194,314,032,056 $12,878,148,791
1991 $173,113,449,617 $11,206,176,651
1990 $165,811,372,383 $9,298,807,850
1989 $132,584,448,258 $8,438,951,476
1988 $132,817,124,707 $8,213,538,369
1987 $123,682,091,859 $7,367,494,080
1986 $98,648,254,169 $5,880,112,788
1985 $69,114,996,010 $4,732,017,873
1984 $67,719,055,773 $4,850,238,550
1983 $71,838,528,420 $5,102,276,308
1982 $70,996,111,963 $9,178,780,077
1981 $70,755,997,062 $11,048,301,421
1980 $81,737,498,405 $10,163,020,116
1979 $73,647,694,287 $7,181,182,224
1978 $61,809,208,756 $4,910,254,566
1977 $51,343,861,460 $4,114,670,014
1976 $42,791,707,448 $3,667,161,241
1975 $39,902,300,703 $3,538,278,047
1974 $35,051,468,640 $4,090,209,682
1973 $29,399,860,145 $3,964,296,443
1972 $21,973,207,929 $2,189,418,689
1971 $17,788,536,733 $2,807,258,065
1970 $15,312,791,744 $2,137,096,774
1969 $13,647,475,854 $2,004,435,484
1968 $12,499,863,917 $1,593,674,185
1967 $11,634,569,522 $1,597,713,469
1966 $10,939,526,219 $1,809,185,094
1965 $10,041,659,445 $1,890,767,156
1964 $9,213,648,656 $1,975,701,816
1963 $8,414,050,621 $1,539,681,491
1962 $7,793,042,529 $1,710,004,407
1961 $7,346,566,038 $1,547,388,781
1960 $6,624,086,313 $1,242,289,239

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/uruguay | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs Uruguay by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Uruguay
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria Uruguay
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $62,930 - $25,216 -
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $24,308 $36,418
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $23,379 $34,471
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $21,009 $33,001
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $17,882 $29,432
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $15,758 $25,725
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $18,316 $25,783
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $19,250 $24,386
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $19,185 $23,607
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $17,010 $22,841
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $17,126 $22,169
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $18,322 $21,868
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $18,335 $20,661
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $16,260 $19,495
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $15,132 $19,135
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $12,641 $17,873
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $9,881 $16,422
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $9,424 $15,694
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $7,222 $14,397
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $6,001 $13,179
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $5,284 $12,296
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $4,169 $11,103
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $3,671 $10,303
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $4,150 $10,030
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $6,383 $10,719
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $6,988 $10,929
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $7,371 $10,938
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $7,837 $11,002
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $7,436 $10,461
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $6,398 $9,524
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $6,050 $8,906
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $5,508 $8,897
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $4,753 $8,162
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $4,102 $7,808
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $3,589 $7,112
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $2,995 $6,683
1989 $17,401 - $2,734 -
1988 $17,510 - $2,677 -
1987 $16,329 - $2,416 -
1986 $13,032 - $1,939 -
1985 $9,136 - $1,568 -
1984 $8,956 - $1,615 -
1983 $9,500 - $1,707 -
1982 $9,373 - $3,085 -
1981 $9,348 - $3,728 -
1980 $10,827 - $3,443 -
1979 $9,755 - $2,443 -
1978 $8,173 - $1,678 -
1977 $6,784 - $1,414 -
1976 $5,656 - $1,268 -
1975 $5,265 - $1,232 -
1974 $4,613 - $1,433 -
1973 $3,875 - $1,397 -
1972 $2,913 - $776 -
1971 $2,372 - $1,000 -
1970 $2,051 - $766 -
1969 $1,834 - $723 -
1968 $1,686 - $579 -
1967 $1,577 - $585 -
1966 $1,494 - $668 -
1965 $1,381 - $705 -
1964 $1,275 - $745 -
1963 $1,173 - $587 -
1962 $1,093 - $659 -
1961 $1,037 - $604 -
1960 $940 - $491 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/uruguay | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $62,930, ranking 16/197, compared to $25,216 in Uruguay, ranking 54/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while Uruguay ranks 61st at $36,418.

Economic indicators

Austria Uruguay
Gross domestic product
$579B
2025
$85.3B
2025
GDP rank
29/197
2025
84/197
2025
GDP growth
0.62%
2024-2025
1.78%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$62,930
2025
$25,216
2025
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2025
54/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$36,418
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
61/197
2024
Government debt
$466B
2025
$56B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.5%
2025
65.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$50,654
2025
$16,559
2025
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2025
41/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$38,467
2026
$14,046
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$211B
2025
$284M
1996
Number of billionaires
9
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
30%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
2.2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
55.2%
2025
31.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.53%
2024-2025
4.65%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
5.75%
2026
Unemployment rate
5.78%
2025
8.21%
2024
Population
9201502
3382672

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
Uruguay
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria Uruguay
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 55.2% 80.5% 31.5% 65.7%
2024 55.2% 79.2% 30.6% 67.6%
2023 52.2% 77.8% 30.1% 63%
2022 53% 78.1% 29.7% 59.4%
2021 56% 82.4% 30.2% 64.1%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 32.8% 68.2%
2019 49.1% 71% 30.6% 59.6%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 30.3% 57.9%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 29.7% 55.8%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 29.7% 56.4%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 28.4% 57.8%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 29.1% 51.1%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 28.8% 50%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 27.7% 49.8%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 26.3% 41.3%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 27.4% 40.9%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 27.2% 46.2%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 26.3% 46.2%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 26.8% 52.8%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 26.8% 61.1%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 26.3% 66.2%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 26.6% 73.7%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 27.7% 91.9%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 27.6% 90.1%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 27.8% 39.4%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 26.6% 30.5%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 27.2% 24.1%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 27.3% 19.4%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 27.6% 18.8%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 26.5% 18.3%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 26.2% 18.5%
1994 54.3% 64.1% 29.5% 19.3%
1993 54.3% 61% 27.7% 20%
1992 49.3% 56.3% 23.6% 22.2%
1991 47.9% 56.4% 22.2% 20.4%
1990 46.8% 56.2% 21.1% 26.2%
1989 51.6% 56.6% 37% -
1988 53.1% 57.7% 26% 34.8%
1987 54.5% 55.5% 24.4% 37.3%
1986 54.3% 52% 25.1% 34.6%
1985 53.5% 47.8% 24.6% 29%
1984 52.6% 46% 25.6% 39.5%
1983 52.4% 43.7% 26.5% 21.2%
1982 52% 39.7% 29.5% 13.5%
1981 51.5% 37.5% 25% 4.32%
1980 50% 35.6% 21.8% 4.59%
1979 49.8% 34.1% 20.2% 3.98%
1978 50.8% 32.2% 22.9% 5.64%
1977 47.6% 28.5% 23.5% 7.26%
1976 47.9% 26.2% 24.2% 8.67%
1975 46.1% 22.8% 23% 8.13%
1974 42% 16.8% 23.8% 7.61%
1973 41.5% 16.7% 22.6% 7%
1972 40.1% 16.7% 24.6% 9.12%
1971 40% 17.4% 20.1% 9.3%
1970 39.5% 18.6% 15.1% 6.11%
1969 40.7% 16.8% 14.6% -
1968 40.9% 16.8% 14.1% -
1967 40.7% 15.6% 14.7% -
1966 38.7% 14.1% 14.1% -
1965 38.3% 14.8% 15.6% -
1964 38.7% 15.5% 14.3% -
1963 38.6% 15.6% 14.6% -
1962 37.6% 15.5% 16% -
1961 35.7% 16% 13% -
1960 36.3% 17.7% 9.9% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/uruguay | CC BY

In 2025, Austria's government spending was $320B, accounting for 55.2% of its GDP, while Uruguay spent $26.9B, or 31.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.5% in Austria and 65.7% in Uruguay, ranking 42/185 and 66/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Uruguay
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Uruguay
2025 -4.52% -3.36%
2024 -4.68% -3.16%
2023 -2.59% -3.09%
2022 -3.41% -2.5%
2021 -5.69% -2.61%
2020 -8.2% -4.64%
2019 0.54% -2.71%
2018 0.2% -1.89%
2017 -0.78% -2.51%
2016 -1.45% -2.68%
2015 -0.48% -1.86%
2014 -1.92% -2.6%
2013 -1.99% -1.72%
2012 -2.18% -2.17%
2011 -2.48% -0.33%
2010 -4.46% -0.39%
2009 -5.38% -1.39%
2008 -1.57% -1.31%
2007 -1.56% -0.16%
2006 -2.61% -0.64%
2005 -2.59% -0.28%
2004 -4.94% -0.87%
2003 -1.84% -2.19%
2002 -1.43% -3.19%
2001 -0.71% -2.85%
2000 -2.07% -2.76%
1999 -2.63% -2.76%
1998 -2.68% -0.76%
1997 -2.38% -0.97%
1996 -4.38% -1.32%
1995 -6.17% -1.08%
1994 -5.04% -2.37%
1993 -4.57% -0.47%
1992 -2.15% 0.6%
1991 -2.96% 0.88%
1990 -2.58% 0.49%
1989 -3.07% -13.1%
1988 -3.43% -1.47%
1987 -4.33% -0.66%
1986 -3.84% -0.34%
1985 -2.71% -1.88%
1984 -2.67% -4.94%
1983 -4.22% -3.54%
1982 -3.29% -8.22%
1981 -1.79% -1.15%
1980 -1.62% 0.43%
1979 -2.3% 0.99%
1978 -2.67% -0.47%
1977 -2.11% -0.69%
1976 -3.61% -2.01%
1975 -2.41% -4.38%
1974 1.23% -3.74%
1973 1.24% -1.09%
1972 1.97% -2.25%
1971 1.46% -5.86%
1970 1.16% -1.33%
1969 -0.08% -2.37%
1968 -0.83% -2.93%
1967 -0.56% -4.12%
1966 1.73% -2.01%
1965 1.38% -5.14%
1964 0.48% -3.61%
1963 -0.5% -4.4%
1962 1.12% -5.02%
1961 1.68% -0.86%
1960 -0.49% 0.79%
1959 -2.16% 0.64%
1958 -3.52% -1.38%
1957 -0.7% -0.72%
1956 -0.78% 0.04%
1955 -0.5% -1.24%
1954 -0.35% -
1953 -0.24% -
1952 -0.73% -
1951 -1.57% -
1950 -7.72% -
1949 -9.23% -
1948 -9.3% -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -2.84% -
1936 -3.91% -
1935 -5.46% -
1934 -5.28% -
1933 -3.55% -
1932 -9.16% -
1931 -11.5% -
1930 -9.68% -
1929 -6.83% -
1928 -7.63% -
1927 -7.3% -
1926 -6.18% -
1925 -4.96% -
1924 -5.69% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -
1912 -0.69% -
1911 0.03% -
1910 -0.42% -
1909 -5.51% -
1908 -1.24% -
1907 -2.73% -
1906 -0.05% -
1905 -0.71% -
1904 -1.12% -
1903 -0.97% -
1902 -0.75% -
1901 -0.56% -
1900 -0.05% -
1899 -0.08% -
1898 -0.17% -
1897 0.1% -
1896 0.03% -
1895 0.36% -
1894 -1.16% -
1893 -1.31% -
1892 -0.86% -
1891 -4.01% -
1890 -0.26% -
1889 -1.61% -
1888 -0.97% -
1887 -1.09% -
1886 -0.43% -
1885 -0.57% -
1884 -6.43% -
1883 -0.69% -
1882 -1.06% -
1881 -3.91% -
1880 -1.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/uruguay | CC BY

In 2025, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $26.2B, equivalent to 4.52% of GDP. This compares to Uruguay's deficit of $2.86B, or 3.36% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 54 of those years, while Uruguay ran a deficit in 60 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.08% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.23% of GDP for Uruguay.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

Uruguay
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria Uruguay
2025 3.53% 4.65%
2024 2.94% 4.85%
2023 7.81% 5.87%
2022 8.55% 9.1%
2021 2.77% 7.75%
2020 1.38% 9.76%
2019 1.53% 7.88%
2018 2% 7.61%
2017 2.08% 6.22%
2016 0.89% 9.64%
2015 0.9% 8.67%
2014 1.61% 8.88%
2013 2% 8.58%
2012 2.49% 8.1%
2011 3.29% 8.09%
2010 1.81% 6.7%
2009 0.51% 7.06%
2008 3.22% 7.88%
2007 2.17% 8.11%
2006 1.44% 6.4%
2005 2.3% 4.7%
2004 2.06% 9.16%
2003 1.36% 19.4%
2002 1.81% 14%
2001 2.65% 4.36%
2000 2.34% 4.76%
1999 0.57% 5.66%
1998 0.92% 10.8%
1997 1.31% 19.8%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/uruguay | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.35%, compared with 8.43% in Uruguay. In 2025, inflation was 3.53% in Austria and 4.65% in Uruguay.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $27.2M
Chemicals & pharma $5.71M
Business & finance services $3.24M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.37M
Transport & tourism services $2.16M
IT & IP services $1.33M
Textiles & consumer goods $902K
Wood & paper products $850K
Animal & marine products $647K
Metals $491K
Uruguay
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $1.42M
Textiles & consumer goods $313K
Chemicals & pharma $52K
Precious metals & jewellery $29K
Machinery & equipment $14K
Metals $4K
Raw materials & minerals $2K
Wood & paper products $2K

Balance of trade

Austria Uruguay
Current account balance
$10.4B
2025
-$374M
2025
Current account balance ranking
24/190
2025
100/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.79%
2025
-0.44%
2025
Goods imports
$208B
2025
$13.6B
2025
Goods exports
$214B
2025
$16.1B
2025
Service imports
$98.3B
2025
$5.96B
2025
Service exports
$105B
2025
$7.39B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
52.3%
2025
22.6%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
54.7%
2025
27.1%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Uruguay
Economic freedom 69.8 69.8
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 39/197
Property rights 95.7 87.4
Government integrity 75 79
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 80.9
Tax burden 45.7 73.3
Government spending 12.8 72
Fiscal health 67.1 76.6
Business freedom 78.7 83.8
Labor freedom 81.6 61.7
Monetary freedom 76.4 70.2
Trade freedom 79.4 73.2
Investment freedom 60 50
Financial freedom 70 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
Uruguay
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Uruguay
2026 69.8 69.8
2025 69.7 70.2
2024 68.4 69.8
2023 71.1 70.2
2022 73.8 70
2021 73.9 69.3
2020 73.3 69.1
2019 72 68.6
2018 71.8 69.2
2017 72.3 69.7
2016 71.7 68.8
2015 71.2 68.6
2014 72.4 69.3
2013 71.8 69.7
2012 70.3 69.9
2011 71.9 70
2010 71.6 69.8
2009 71.2 69.1
2008 71.4 67.9
2007 71.6 68.4
2006 71.1 65.3
2005 68.8 66.9
2004 67.6 66.7
2003 67.6 69.8
2002 67.4 68.7
2001 68.1 70.7
2000 68.4 69.3
1999 64 68.5
1998 65.4 68.6
1997 65.2 67.5
1996 68.9 63.7
1995 70 62.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/uruguay | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 69.8 for Uruguay, ranking 39/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria Uruguay
Services, % of GDP
64.1%
2025
65.2%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2025
16.9%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.26%
2025
6.38%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$556B
2025
$81.3B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$77,010
2025
$36,330
2025
Total reserves including gold
$53.4B
2025
$19B
2025
Total reserves ranking
46/177
2025
67/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$5.61B
2025
-$457M
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
-$3.94B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
-$1.37B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
17.3%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.7%
2025
16.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2014–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.