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Economy of United States vs Uruguay compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

The United States has a GDP of $28.8T compared to $81B for Uruguay, ranking 1/197 and 81/197 by economy size, respectively.

The United States has $35.2T in government debt (122.3% of GDP), compared to $55.6B (68.7% of GDP) in Uruguay.

United States vs Uruguay GDP by year

United States
Uruguay
1x
Year GDP, current $
United States Uruguay
2024 $28,750,956,130,731 $80,961,511,074
2023 $27,292,170,793,214 $77,991,666,838
2022 $25,604,848,907,611 $70,594,110,920
2021 $23,315,080,560,000 $60,739,084,241
2020 $21,060,473,613,000 $53,559,359,262
2019 $21,380,976,119,000 $62,222,313,619
2018 $20,533,057,312,000 $65,344,577,416
2017 $19,477,336,549,000 $65,005,997,963
2016 $18,695,110,842,000 $57,480,787,465
2015 $18,206,020,741,000 $57,680,327,999
2014 $17,550,680,174,000 $61,496,186,974
2013 $16,843,190,993,000 $61,337,621,934
2012 $16,253,972,230,000 $54,232,266,359
2011 $15,599,728,123,000 $50,342,406,067
2010 $15,048,964,444,000 $41,950,361,212
2009 $14,478,064,934,000 $32,708,319,078
2008 $14,769,857,911,000 $31,119,602,539
2007 $14,474,226,905,000 $23,797,773,024
2006 $13,815,586,948,000 $19,741,420,740
2005 $13,039,199,193,000 $17,362,857,684
2004 $12,217,193,198,000 $13,686,329,890
2003 $11,456,442,041,000 $12,045,638,352
2002 $10,929,112,955,000 $13,606,515,723
2001 $10,581,929,774,000 $20,898,761,742
2000 $10,250,947,997,000 $22,823,270,892
1999 $9,631,174,489,000 $23,983,945,191
1998 $9,062,818,202,000 $25,385,886,978
1997 $8,577,554,457,000 $23,969,739,234
1996 $8,073,122,000,000 $20,515,458,114
1995 $7,639,749,000,000 $19,297,663,097
1994 $7,287,236,000,000 $17,474,588,896
1993 $6,858,559,000,000 $15,002,136,971
1992 $6,520,327,000,000 $12,878,148,791
1991 $6,158,129,000,000 $11,206,176,651
1990 $5,963,144,000,000 $9,298,807,850
1989 $5,641,580,000,000 $8,438,951,476
1988 $5,236,438,000,000 $8,213,538,369
1987 $4,855,215,000,000 $7,367,494,080
1986 $4,579,631,000,000 $5,880,112,788
1985 $4,338,979,000,000 $4,732,017,873
1984 $4,037,613,000,000 $4,850,238,550
1983 $3,634,038,000,000 $5,102,276,308
1982 $3,343,789,000,000 $9,178,780,077
1981 $3,207,041,000,000 $11,048,301,421
1980 $2,857,307,000,000 $10,163,020,116
1979 $2,627,333,000,000 $7,181,182,224
1978 $2,351,599,000,000 $4,910,254,566
1977 $2,081,826,000,000 $4,114,670,014
1976 $1,873,412,000,000 $3,667,161,241
1975 $1,684,904,000,000 $3,538,278,047
1974 $1,545,243,000,000 $4,090,209,682
1973 $1,425,376,000,000 $3,964,296,443
1972 $1,279,110,000,000 $2,189,418,689
1971 $1,164,850,000,000 $2,807,258,065
1970 $1,073,303,000,000 $2,137,096,774
1969 $1,017,438,172,414 $2,004,435,484
1968 $940,225,000,000 $1,593,674,185
1967 $859,620,034,483 $1,597,713,469
1966 $813,032,758,621 $1,809,185,094
1965 $741,904,862,069 $1,890,767,156
1964 $684,144,620,690 $1,975,701,816
1963 $637,058,551,724 $1,539,681,491
1962 $603,639,413,793 $1,710,004,407
1961 $561,940,310,345 $1,547,388,781
1960 $541,988,586,207 $1,242,289,239

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/united-states/uruguay | CC BY

GDP per capita in United States vs Uruguay by year

United States
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Uruguay
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
United States Uruguay
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $84,534 $85,810 $23,907 $36,418
2023 $81,490 $82,305 $23,019 $34,471
2022 $76,829 $77,861 $20,819 $33,001
2021 $70,249 $71,307 $17,882 $29,432
2020 $63,526 $64,402 $15,758 $25,725
2019 $65,120 $65,228 $18,316 $25,783
2018 $62,823 $62,876 $19,250 $24,386
2017 $59,908 $60,048 $19,185 $23,607
2016 $57,867 $57,977 $17,010 $22,841
2015 $56,763 $56,849 $17,126 $22,169
2014 $55,124 $55,153 $18,322 $21,868
2013 $53,291 $53,297 $18,335 $20,661
2012 $51,784 $51,708 $16,260 $19,495
2011 $50,066 $50,025 $15,132 $19,135
2010 $48,651 $48,643 $12,641 $17,873
2009 $47,195 $47,195 $9,881 $16,422
2008 $48,570 $48,570 $9,424 $15,694
2007 $48,050 $48,050 $7,222 $14,397
2006 $46,302 $46,302 $6,001 $13,179
2005 $44,123 $44,123 $5,284 $12,296
2004 $41,725 $41,725 $4,169 $11,103
2003 $39,490 $39,490 $3,671 $10,303
2002 $37,998 $37,998 $4,150 $10,030
2001 $37,134 $37,134 $6,383 $10,719
2000 $36,330 $36,330 $6,988 $10,929
1999 $34,484 $34,515 $7,371 $10,938
1998 $32,823 $32,854 $7,837 $11,002
1997 $31,430 $31,459 $7,436 $10,461
1996 $29,937 $29,968 $6,398 $9,524
1995 $28,661 $28,691 $6,050 $8,906
1994 $27,662 $27,695 $5,508 $8,897
1993 $26,353 $26,387 $4,753 $8,162
1992 $25,381 $25,419 $4,102 $7,808
1991 $24,293 $24,342 $3,589 $7,112
1990 $23,840 $23,889 $2,995 $6,683
1989 $22,857 - $2,734 -
1988 $21,417 - $2,677 -
1987 $20,039 - $2,416 -
1986 $19,071 - $1,939 -
1985 $18,237 - $1,568 -
1984 $17,121 - $1,615 -
1983 $15,544 - $1,707 -
1982 $14,434 - $3,085 -
1981 $13,976 - $3,728 -
1980 $12,613 - $3,443 -
1979 $11,674 - $2,443 -
1978 $10,565 - $1,678 -
1977 $9,453 - $1,414 -
1976 $8,592 - $1,268 -
1975 $7,801 - $1,232 -
1974 $7,226 - $1,433 -
1973 $6,726 - $1,397 -
1972 $6,094 - $776 -
1971 $5,609 - $1,000 -
1970 $5,234 - $766 -
1969 $5,020 - $723 -
1968 $4,685 - $579 -
1967 $4,326 - $585 -
1966 $4,136 - $668 -
1965 $3,818 - $705 -
1964 $3,565 - $745 -
1963 $3,366 - $587 -
1962 $3,236 - $659 -
1961 $3,059 - $604 -
1960 $3,000 - $491 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/united-states/uruguay | CC BY

The United States' GDP per capita is $84,534, ranking 10/197, compared to $23,907 in Uruguay, ranking 52/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the United States ranks 12th at $85,810, while Uruguay ranks 61st at $36,418.

Economic indicators

United States Uruguay
Gross domestic product
$28.8T
2024
$81B
2024
GDP rank
1/197
2024
81/197
2024
GDP growth
2.79%
2023-2024
3.11%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$84,534
2024
$23,907
2024
GDP per capita rank
10/197
2024
52/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$85,810
2024
$36,418
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
12/197
2024
61/197
2024
Government debt
$35.2T
2024
$55.6B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
122.3%
2024
68.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$103,404
2024
$16,421
2024
Government debt per person rank
2/185
2024
38/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$53,202
2026
$12,433
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$62.2T
2024
$284M
1996
Number of millionaires
23,831,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
902
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
30.4%
2023
30%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
1.8%
2023
2.2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
37.9%
2024
31.1%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.95%
2023-2024
4.85%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
3.75%
2025
8.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
4.02%
2024
8.21%
2024
Population
344023146
3382789

Spending and national debt comparison by year

United States
Spending

Debt
Uruguay
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
United States Uruguay
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 37.9% 122.3% 31.1% 68.7%
2023 37.7% 119.8% 30.5% 64%
2022 36.8% 119.1% 30% 59.9%
2021 43.2% 125% 30.2% 64.1%
2020 44.7% 132.5% 32.8% 68.2%
2019 35.8% 108.8% 30.6% 59.6%
2018 35.3% 107.6% 30.3% 57.9%
2017 35.2% 106.4% 29.7% 55.8%
2016 35.3% 107.4% 29.7% 56.4%
2015 35% 105.4% 28.4% 57.8%
2014 35.3% 104.9% 29.1% 51.1%
2013 35.8% 105% 28.8% 50%
2012 37.2% 103.7% 27.7% 49.8%
2011 38.8% 100% 26.3% 41.3%
2010 39.8% 95.6% 27.4% 40.9%
2009 41.4% 87.1% 27.2% 46.2%
2008 37.1% 73.8% 26.3% 46.2%
2007 34.6% 64.9% 26.8% 52.8%
2006 33.7% 64.5% 26.8% 61.1%
2005 33.9% 65.8% 26.3% 66.2%
2004 33.7% 66.4% 26.6% 73.7%
2003 34% 59% 27.7% 91.9%
2002 33.7% 55.9% 27.6% 90.1%
2001 32.8% 53.5% 27.8% 39.4%
2000 31.7% 54.5% 26.6% 30.5%
1999 32.2% 60.5% 27.2% 24.1%
1998 32.8% 64.2% 27.3% 19.4%
1997 33.7% 67.4% 27.6% 18.8%
1996 34.7% 69.9% 26.5% 18.3%
1995 35.5% 70.7% 26.2% 18.5%
1994 35.5% 71.1% 29.5% 19.3%
1993 36.4% 71.9% 27.7% 20%
1992 36.7% 70.3% 23.6% 22.2%
1991 35.7% 67.9% 22.2% 20.4%
1990 34.5% 63.1% 21.1% 26.2%
1989 33.7% 61.6% 37% -
1988 33.7% 61.3% 26% 34.8%
1987 34.3% 60.6% 24.4% 37.3%
1986 34.8% 58.9% 25.1% 34.6%
1985 34.5% 55.4% 24.6% 29%
1984 34.3% 50.6% 25.6% 39.5%
1983 35.7% 48.9% 26.5% 21.2%
1982 35.8% 45.9% 29.5% 13.5%
1981 33.9% 41.1% 25% 4.32%
1980 33.7% 41.9% 21.8% 4.59%
1979 32% 41.2% 20.2% 3.98%
1978 32.6% 42.5% 22.9% 5.64%
1977 33.4% 43.6% 23.5% 7.26%
1976 34.2% 44.8% 24.2% 8.67%
1975 35.2% 44.6% 23% 8.13%
1974 32.9% 41.4% 23.8% 7.61%
1973 31.9% 42.6% 22.6% 7%
1972 32.8% 45.4% 24.6% 9.12%
1971 32.3% 47% 20.1% 9.3%
1970 31.5% 46.4% 15.1% 6.11%
1969 29.3% 45.9% 14.6% -
1968 29.1% 48.5% 14.1% -
1967 28.3% 50.4% 14.7% -
1966 26.3% 50.6% 14.1% -
1965 25.4% 53.7% 15.6% -
1964 25.6% 56.7% 14.3% -
1963 26% 58.8% 14.6% -
1962 26% 60.2% 16% -
1961 25.9% 62.3% 13% -
1960 24.9% 61.7% 9.9% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1999–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/united-states/uruguay | CC BY

In 2024, the United States' government spending was $10.9T, accounting for 37.9% of its GDP, while Uruguay spent $25.2B, or 31.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 122.3% in the United States and 68.7% in Uruguay, ranking 12/185 and 59/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
United States

Uruguay
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
United States Uruguay
2024 -8.03% -3.22%
2023 -7.8% -3.13%
2022 -3.72% -2.52%
2021 -11.4% -2.61%
2020 -14.1% -4.64%
2019 -5.81% -2.71%
2018 -5.33% -1.89%
2017 -4.79% -2.51%
2016 -4.36% -2.68%
2015 -3.53% -1.86%
2014 -4.03% -2.6%
2013 -4.56% -1.72%
2012 -8.11% -2.17%
2011 -9.72% -0.33%
2010 -11% -0.39%
2009 -13.2% -1.39%
2008 -6.61% -1.31%
2007 -2.91% -0.16%
2006 -2.04% -0.64%
2005 -3.07% -0.28%
2004 -4.24% -0.87%
2003 -4.77% -2.19%
2002 -3.82% -3.19%
2001 -0.54% -2.85%
2000 3.62% -2.76%
1999 2.71% -2.76%
1998 2.18% -0.76%
1997 0.88% -0.97%
1996 -0.46% -1.32%
1995 -1.7% -1.08%
1994 -2.05% -2.37%
1993 -3.35% -0.47%
1992 -3.98% 0.6%
1991 -2.72% 0.88%
1990 -1.64% 0.49%
1989 -0.8% -13.1%
1988 -1.06% -1.47%
1987 -1.53% -0.66%
1986 -2.81% -0.34%
1985 -2.63% -1.88%
1984 -2.97% -4.94%
1983 -4.26% -3.54%
1982 -3.78% -8.22%
1981 -1.58% -1.15%
1980 -2.17% 0.43%
1979 -0.79% 0.99%
1978 -1.7% -0.47%
1977 -2.57% -0.69%
1976 -3.63% -2.01%
1975 -5.4% -4.38%
1974 -1.27% -3.74%
1973 -0.86% -1.09%
1972 -1.86% -2.25%
1971 -2.63% -5.86%
1970 -1.21% -1.33%
1969 2.11% -2.37%
1968 1.23% -2.93%
1967 0.47% -4.12%
1966 2.07% -2.01%
1965 2.38% -5.14%
1964 2.18% -3.61%
1963 2.87% -4.4%
1962 2.32% -5.02%
1961 2.28% -0.86%
1960 3.2% 0.79%
1959 -9.06% 0.64%
1958 -8.68% -1.38%
1957 -6.72% -0.72%
1956 -6.02% 0.04%
1955 -7.4% -1.24%
1954 -5.55% -
1953 -5.76% -
1952 -5.41% -
1951 -6.93% -
1950 -8.22% -
1949 -7.94% -
1948 -4.16% -
1947 -3.99% -
1946 -6.45% -
1945 -14.1% -
1944 -13.4% -
1943 -19.3% -
1942 -16.3% -
1941 -10.2% -
1940 -9.73% -
1939 -11.9% -
1938 -10.4% -
1937 -9.22% -
1936 -12.1% -
1935 -13.3% -
1934 -14.9% -
1933 -14.3% -
1932 -12.7% -
1931 -9.76% -
1930 -5.46% -
1929 -4.58% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1929–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1999–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/united-states/uruguay | CC BY

In 2024, the United States' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $2.31T, equivalent to 8.03% of GDP. This compares to Uruguay's deficit of $2.6B, or 3.22% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, the United States recorded a fiscal deficit in 51 of those years, while Uruguay ran a deficit in 59 years. On average, the United States posted an annual deficit equal to 2.75% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.21% of GDP for Uruguay.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
United States

Uruguay
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
United States Uruguay
2024 2.95% 4.85%
2023 4.12% 5.87%
2022 8% 9.1%
2021 4.7% 7.75%
2020 1.23% 9.76%
2019 1.81% 7.88%
2018 2.44% 7.61%
2017 2.13% 6.22%
2016 1.26% 9.64%
2015 0.12% 8.67%
2014 1.62% 8.88%
2013 1.46% 8.58%
2012 2.07% 8.1%
2011 3.16% 8.09%
2010 1.64% 6.7%
2009 -0.36% 7.06%
2008 3.84% 7.88%
2007 2.85% 8.11%
2006 3.23% 6.4%
2005 3.39% 4.7%
2004 2.68% 9.16%
2003 2.27% 19.4%
2002 1.59% 14%
2001 2.83% 4.36%
2000 3.38% 4.76%
1999 2.19% 5.66%
1998 1.55% 10.8%
1997 2.34% 19.8%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/united-states/uruguay | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, the United States has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.52%, compared with 8.56% in Uruguay. In 2024, inflation was 2.95% in the United States and 4.85% in Uruguay.

Top exports between countries

United States
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $556M
Raw materials & minerals $396M
Chemicals & pharma $382M
Textiles & consumer goods $126M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $71.4M
Miscellaneous $64.6M
Raw agricultural goods $15.4M
Precious metals & jewellery $12.8M
Metals $10.6M
Wood & paper products $6.75M
Uruguay
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $614M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $148M
Wood & paper products $87.1M
Machinery & equipment $45.2M
Raw agricultural goods $33.1M
Precious metals & jewellery $12.2M
Chemicals & pharma $10.5M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.16M
Metals $299K
Raw materials & minerals $104K

Balance of trade

United States Uruguay
Current account balance
-$1.19T
2024
-$633M
2024
Current account balance ranking
190/190
2024
111/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-4.12%
2024
-0.78%
2024
Goods imports
$3.3T
2024
$13B
2024
Goods exports
$2.08T
2024
$16.3B
2024
Service imports
$841B
2024
$6.22B
2024
Service exports
$1.15T
2024
$7.1B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
14.3%
2024
23.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
11.1%
2024
28.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

United States Uruguay
Economic freedom 72.8 69.8
Economic freedom ranking 27/197 39/197
Property rights 91.6 87.4
Government integrity 77.1 79
Judicial effectiveness 76.4 80.9
Tax burden 75.3 73.3
Government spending 57.9 72
Fiscal health 18.5 76.6
Business freedom 88.6 83.8
Labor freedom 76.3 61.7
Monetary freedom 84.2 70.2
Trade freedom 67.6 73.2
Investment freedom 80 50
Financial freedom 80 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

United States
Uruguay
1x
Year Economic freedom index
United States Uruguay
2026 72.8 69.8
2025 70.2 70.2
2024 70.1 69.8
2023 70.6 70.2
2022 72.1 70
2021 74.8 69.3
2020 76.6 69.1
2019 76.8 68.6
2018 75.7 69.2
2017 75.1 69.7
2016 75.4 68.8
2015 76.2 68.6
2014 75.5 69.3
2013 76 69.7
2012 76.3 69.9
2011 77.8 70
2010 78 69.8
2009 80.7 69.1
2008 81 67.9
2007 81.2 68.4
2006 81.2 65.3
2005 79.9 66.9
2004 78.7 66.7
2003 78.2 69.8
2002 78.4 68.7
2001 79.1 70.7
2000 76.4 69.3
1999 75.5 68.5
1998 75.4 68.6
1997 75.6 67.5
1996 76.7 63.7
1995 76.7 62.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/united-states/uruguay | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the United States is 72.8, ranking 27/197, compared to 69.8 for Uruguay, ranking 39/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

United States Uruguay
Services, % of GDP
79.7%
2024
65.3%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.3%
2024
16.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.85%
2024
6.42%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$28.4T
2024
$73.3B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$85,980
2024
$34,170
2024
Total reserves including gold
$910B
2024
$17.4B
2024
Total reserves ranking
3/177
2024
66/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$25.1B
2024
$2.58B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$297B
2024
-$3.94B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$322B
2024
-$1.37B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.1%
2020
17.3%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.8%
2024
15.6%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1929–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1999–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.