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Economy of India vs Uruguay compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

India has a GDP of $3.96T compared to $85.3B for Uruguay, ranking 6/197 and 84/197 by economy size, respectively.

India has $3.33T in government debt (84.1% of GDP), compared to $56B (65.7% of GDP) in Uruguay.

India vs Uruguay GDP by year

India
Uruguay
1x
Year GDP, current $
India Uruguay
2025 $3,956,067,115,772 $85,347,696,278
2024 $3,760,813,470,501 $82,322,859,144
2023 $3,500,906,030,645 $79,208,725,900
2022 $3,249,938,492,013 $71,240,669,088
2021 $3,167,270,623,260 $60,739,061,281
2020 $2,674,851,578,587 $53,559,354,501
2019 $2,835,606,256,558 $62,222,324,965
2018 $2,702,929,641,649 $65,344,577,416
2017 $2,651,474,262,755 $65,006,039,810
2016 $2,294,796,885,663 $57,480,787,465
2015 $2,103,588,360,045 $57,680,327,999
2014 $2,039,126,479,155 $61,496,186,974
2013 $1,856,721,507,622 $61,337,621,934
2012 $1,827,637,590,410 $54,232,266,359
2011 $1,823,051,829,895 $50,342,406,067
2010 $1,675,615,519,485 $41,950,361,212
2009 $1,341,888,016,995 $32,708,319,078
2008 $1,198,895,139,006 $31,119,602,539
2007 $1,216,736,438,835 $23,797,773,024
2006 $940,259,888,788 $19,741,420,740
2005 $820,383,763,511 $17,362,857,684
2004 $709,152,728,831 $13,686,329,890
2003 $607,700,687,237 $12,045,638,352
2002 $514,939,140,319 $13,606,515,723
2001 $485,440,139,204 $20,898,761,742
2000 $468,395,521,654 $22,823,270,892
1999 $458,821,052,616 $23,983,945,191
1998 $421,351,317,225 $25,385,886,978
1997 $415,867,563,593 $23,969,739,234
1996 $392,896,866,205 $20,515,458,114
1995 $360,281,909,643 $19,297,663,097
1994 $327,274,843,459 $17,474,588,896
1993 $279,295,648,983 $15,002,136,971
1992 $288,208,070,278 $12,878,148,791
1991 $270,105,341,879 $11,206,176,651
1990 $320,979,026,420 $9,298,807,850
1989 $296,042,052,945 $8,438,951,476
1988 $296,589,670,896 $8,213,538,369
1987 $279,033,584,092 $7,367,494,080
1986 $248,985,994,041 $5,880,112,788
1985 $232,511,554,840 $4,732,017,873
1984 $212,157,645,178 $4,850,238,550
1983 $218,262,146,413 $5,102,276,308
1982 $200,715,624,831 $9,178,780,077
1981 $193,491,368,446 $11,048,301,421
1980 $186,328,579,302 $10,163,020,116
1979 $152,995,442,498 $7,181,182,224
1978 $137,302,319,829 $4,910,254,566
1977 $121,486,641,441 $4,114,670,014
1976 $102,716,451,980 $3,667,161,241
1975 $98,473,832,017 $3,538,278,047
1974 $99,526,597,934 $4,090,209,682
1973 $85,517,673,173 $3,964,296,443
1972 $71,464,700,667 $2,189,418,689
1971 $67,351,404,352 $2,807,258,065
1970 $62,422,483,055 $2,137,096,774
1969 $58,447,995,017 $2,004,435,484
1968 $53,085,455,871 $1,593,674,185
1967 $50,134,942,204 $1,597,713,469
1966 $45,581,230,504 $1,809,185,094
1965 $59,556,105,229 $1,890,767,156
1964 $56,480,289,941 $1,975,701,816
1963 $48,421,923,459 $1,539,681,491
1962 $42,161,481,858 $1,710,004,407
1961 $39,232,435,784 $1,547,388,781
1960 $37,029,883,876 $1,242,289,239

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/uruguay | CC BY

GDP per capita in India vs Uruguay by year

India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Uruguay
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
India Uruguay
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $2,702 - $25,216 -
2024 $2,592 $11,160 $24,308 $36,418
2023 $2,434 $10,323 $23,379 $34,471
2022 $2,280 $9,207 $21,009 $33,001
2021 $2,240 $8,050 $17,882 $29,432
2020 $1,907 $6,966 $15,758 $25,725
2019 $2,041 $7,151 $18,316 $25,783
2018 $1,966 $6,715 $19,250 $24,386
2017 $1,950 $6,145 $19,185 $23,607
2016 $1,708 $5,800 $17,010 $22,841
2015 $1,584 $5,425 $17,126 $22,169
2014 $1,554 $5,192 $18,322 $21,868
2013 $1,433 $5,014 $18,335 $20,661
2012 $1,429 $4,820 $16,260 $19,495
2011 $1,445 $4,455 $15,132 $19,135
2010 $1,348 $4,206 $12,641 $17,873
2009 $1,095 $3,887 $9,881 $16,422
2008 $993 $3,633 $9,424 $15,694
2007 $1,022 $3,508 $7,222 $14,397
2006 $802 $3,221 $6,001 $13,179
2005 $710 $2,937 $5,284 $12,296
2004 $624 $2,682 $4,169 $11,103
2003 $544 $2,461 $3,671 $10,303
2002 $469 $2,277 $4,150 $10,030
2001 $450 $2,200 $6,383 $10,719
2000 $443 $2,091 $6,988 $10,929
1999 $442 $2,006 $7,371 $10,938
1998 $414 $1,852 $7,837 $11,002
1997 $416 $1,759 $7,436 $10,461
1996 $401 $1,695 $6,398 $9,524
1995 $375 $1,579 $6,050 $8,906
1994 $348 $1,467 $5,508 $8,897
1993 $303 $1,374 $4,753 $8,162
1992 $319 $1,309 $4,102 $7,808
1991 $306 $1,239 $3,589 $7,112
1990 $371 $1,212 $2,995 $6,683
1989 $350 - $2,734 -
1988 $358 - $2,677 -
1987 $345 - $2,416 -
1986 $315 - $1,939 -
1985 $301 - $1,568 -
1984 $281 - $1,615 -
1983 $296 - $1,707 -
1982 $278.7 - $3,085 -
1981 $275 - $3,728 -
1980 $271.1 - $3,443 -
1979 $228 - $2,443 -
1978 $209.4 - $1,678 -
1977 $189.6 - $1,414 -
1976 $164.1 - $1,268 -
1975 $161.1 - $1,232 -
1974 $166.7 - $1,433 -
1973 $146.6 - $1,397 -
1972 $125.3 - $776 -
1971 $120.7 - $1,000 -
1970 $114.4 - $766 -
1969 $109.5 - $723 -
1968 $101.6 - $579 -
1967 $98 - $585 -
1966 $91 - $668 -
1965 $121.5 - $705 -
1964 $117.9 - $745 -
1963 $103.4 - $587 -
1962 $92.2 - $659 -
1961 $87.9 - $604 -
1960 $84.9 - $491 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/uruguay | CC BY

India's GDP per capita is $2,702, ranking 149/197, compared to $25,216 in Uruguay, ranking 54/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), India ranks 130th at $11,160, while Uruguay ranks 61st at $36,418.

Economic indicators

India Uruguay
Gross domestic product
$3.96T
2025
$85.3B
2025
GDP rank
6/197
2025
84/197
2025
GDP growth
7.57%
2024-2025
1.78%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$2,702
2025
$25,216
2025
GDP per capita rank
149/197
2025
54/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$11,160
2024
$36,418
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
130/197
2024
61/197
2024
Government debt
$3.33T
2025
$56B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
84.1%
2025
65.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$2,272
2025
$16,559
2025
Government debt per person rank
116/185
2025
41/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,974
2026
$14,046
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$10.6T
2025
$284M
1996
Number of millionaires
944,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
229
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.1%
2022
30%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
4.5%
2022
2.2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
28.5%
2025
31.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.4%
2024-2025
4.65%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
5.25%
2025
5.75%
2026
Unemployment rate
4.51%
2025
8.21%
2024
Population
1483314140
3382672

Spending and national debt comparison by year

India
Spending

Debt
Uruguay
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
India Uruguay
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 28.5% 84.1% 31.5% 65.7%
2024 29.3% 84.8% 30.6% 67.6%
2023 29.7% 85% 30.1% 63%
2022 30% 84.6% 29.7% 59.4%
2021 30.7% 85.7% 30.2% 64.1%
2020 31.8% 90.6% 32.8% 68.2%
2019 27.4% 76.7% 30.6% 59.6%
2018 26.8% 71.7% 30.3% 57.9%
2017 26.6% 70.8% 29.7% 55.8%
2016 27.6% 69.8% 29.7% 56.4%
2015 27.3% 69.8% 28.4% 57.8%
2014 26.2% 67.6% 29.1% 51.1%
2013 26.5% 68% 28.8% 50%
2012 27.2% 68.1% 27.7% 49.8%
2011 27.3% 68.7% 26.3% 41.3%
2010 27.7% 67.7% 27.4% 40.9%
2009 28.1% 72.7% 27.2% 46.2%
2008 28.3% 74.3% 26.3% 46.2%
2007 26.1% 75.4% 26.8% 52.8%
2006 25.6% 77.9% 26.8% 61.1%
2005 26% 82.4% 26.3% 66.2%
2004 28.4% 84.9% 26.6% 73.7%
2003 29.9% 85.9% 27.7% 91.9%
2002 29.1% 84.3% 27.6% 90.1%
2001 28.3% 80.1% 27.8% 39.4%
2000 26.1% 74.9% 26.6% 30.5%
1999 25.8% 71.3% 27.2% 24.1%
1998 26% 69.3% 27.3% 19.4%
1997 25.2% 69% 27.6% 18.8%
1996 24.4% 67.1% 26.5% 18.3%
1995 25% 70.9% 26.2% 18.5%
1994 26.2% 74.8% 29.5% 19.3%
1993 26.2% 78.3% 27.7% 20%
1992 26.7% 78.8% 23.6% 22.2%
1991 26.8% 76.7% 22.2% 20.4%
1990 25.4% 50.8% 21.1% 26.2%
1989 25.7% 50.5% 37% -
1988 24.9% 48.9% 26% 34.8%
1987 22.5% 48.9% 24.4% 37.3%
1986 23.2% 47.9% 25.1% 34.6%
1985 21.6% 44.3% 24.6% 29%
1984 19.8% 41.6% 25.6% 39.5%
1983 17.8% 39.6% 26.5% 21.2%
1982 17.8% 41.7% 29.5% 13.5%
1981 16.6% 37.2% 25% 4.32%
1980 17.5% 38% 21.8% 4.59%
1979 15.6% 32.2% 20.2% 3.98%
1978 15% 30.8% 22.9% 5.64%
1977 13.9% 29.9% 23.5% 7.26%
1976 14.4% 31.3% 24.2% 8.67%
1975 12.7% 29.5% 23% 8.13%
1974 11.3% 29% 23.8% 7.61%
1973 12.9% 34.1% 22.6% 7%
1972 13.5% 37.2% 24.6% 9.12%
1971 12.4% 37.6% 20.1% 9.3%
1970 11.7% 38.1% 15.1% 6.11%
1969 11.5% 38.8% 14.6% -
1968 12.6% 40.3% 14.1% -
1967 13.8% 38.5% 14.7% -
1966 13.8% 36.2% 14.1% -
1965 13.7% 36.8% 15.6% -
1964 13.2% 33.8% 14.3% -
1963 12.3% 35.5% 14.6% -
1962 11.5% 36.2% 16% -
1961 11.8% 38.7% 13% -
1960 11.2% 36.5% 9.9% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/uruguay | CC BY

In 2025, India's government spending was $1.13T, accounting for 28.5% of its GDP, while Uruguay spent $26.9B, or 31.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 84.1% in India and 65.7% in Uruguay, ranking 38/185 and 66/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
India

Uruguay
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
India Uruguay
2025 -7.44% -3.36%
2024 -7.85% -3.16%
2023 -8.37% -3.09%
2022 -9.23% -2.5%
2021 -9.7% -2.61%
2020 -13.2% -4.64%
2019 -7.86% -2.71%
2018 -6.46% -1.89%
2017 -6.33% -2.51%
2016 -7.21% -2.68%
2015 -7.28% -1.86%
2014 -6.9% -2.6%
2013 -6.78% -1.72%
2012 -7.32% -2.17%
2011 -8.03% -0.33%
2010 -8.53% -0.39%
2009 -9.26% -1.39%
2008 -8.15% -1.31%
2007 -3.73% -0.16%
2006 -5.11% -0.64%
2005 -6.64% -0.28%
2004 -9.22% -0.87%
2003 -11.4% -2.19%
2002 -11.1% -3.19%
2001 -11% -2.85%
2000 -8.41% -2.76%
1999 -8.7% -2.76%
1998 -9.74% -0.76%
1997 -8.28% -0.97%
1996 -6.71% -1.32%
1995 -6.81% -1.08%
1994 -8% -2.37%
1993 -8.57% -0.47%
1992 -7.89% 0.6%
1991 -7.44% 0.88%
1990 -7.63% 0.49%
1989 -7.68% -13.1%
1988 -7.01% -1.47%
1987 -9.53% -0.66%
1986 -10.6% -0.34%
1985 -9.58% -1.88%
1984 -8.54% -4.94%
1983 -7.28% -3.54%
1982 -6.78% -8.22%
1981 -6.07% -1.15%
1980 -7.27% 0.43%
1979 -4.87% 0.99%
1978 -4.45% -0.47%
1977 -4.1% -0.69%
1976 -4.1% -2.01%
1975 -3.11% -4.38%
1974 -2.3% -3.74%
1973 -3.53% -1.09%
1972 -3.14% -2.25%
1971 -2.9% -5.86%
1970 -2.35% -1.33%
1969 -2.66% -2.37%
1968 -3.98% -2.93%
1967 -4.97% -4.12%
1966 -4.18% -2.01%
1965 -4.49% -5.14%
1964 -4.41% -3.61%
1963 -4.16% -4.4%
1962 -3.3% -5.02%
1961 -4.1% -0.86%
1960 -4.05% 0.79%
1959 -5.29% 0.64%
1958 -5.08% -1.38%
1957 -3.35% -0.72%
1956 -2.93% 0.04%
1955 -2.77% -1.24%
1954 -2.61% -
1953 -1.83% -
1952 0.03% -
1951 -0.5% -
1950 -1.01% -
1949 -0.73% -
1948 -0.82% -
1947 -0.86% -
1946 -2.89% -
1945 -4.4% -
1944 -3.32% -
1943 -3.48% -
1942 -3.62% -
1941 -0.37% -
1940 -0.59% -
1939 -0.32% -
1938 -0.16% -
1937 -0.1% -
1936 -0.45% -
1935 -0.4% -
1934 -0.09% -
1933 0% -
1932 0.03% -
1931 -0.68% -
1930 -1.02% -
1929 -0.91% -
1928 -0.87% -
1927 -0.98% -
1926 -0.88% -
1925 -0.67% -
1924 -0.3% -
1923 -0.66% -
1922 -1.05% -
1921 -1.45% -
1920 -1.57% -
1919 -1.04% -
1918 -0.48% -
1917 -5.69% -
1916 0.25% -
1915 -0.51% -
1914 -0.98% -
1913 -0.85% -
1912 -0.58% -
1911 -0.42% -
1910 -0.85% -
1909 -0.7% -
1908 -1.25% -
1907 -1.22% -
1906 -0.8% -
1905 -2% -
1904 -0.53% -
1903 -0.56% -
1902 -0.56% -
1901 -0.27% -
1900 -1.06% -
1899 -0.56% -
1898 -0.49% -
1897 -1.02% -
1896 -1% -
1895 -0.41% -
1894 -0.5% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -0.56% -
1891 -0.64% -
1890 -0.8% -
1889 -0.45% -
1888 -1.94% -
1887 -1.28% -
1886 -0.75% -
1885 -1.48% -
1884 -1.22% -
1883 -0.81% -
1882 -0.77% -
1881 -0.05% -
1880 -0.69% -
1879 -0.39% -
1878 -0.12% -
1877 -0.84% -
1876 -0.8% -
1875 -0.87% -
1874 -0.15% -
1873 -0.28% -
1872 0.31% -
1871 0.42% -
1870 0.19% -
1869 0.01% -
1868 -0.38% -
1867 -0.12% -
1866 -0.31% -
1865 0.21% -
1864 -0.11% -
1863 -0.06% -
1862 0.15% -
1861 -0.16% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/uruguay | CC BY

In 2025, India's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $294B, equivalent to 7.44% of GDP. This compares to Uruguay's deficit of $2.86B, or 3.36% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, India recorded a fiscal deficit in 66 of those years, while Uruguay ran a deficit in 60 years. On average, India posted an annual deficit equal to 6.78% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.23% of GDP for Uruguay.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
India

Uruguay
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
India Uruguay
2025 2.4% 4.65%
2024 4.95% 4.85%
2023 5.65% 5.87%
2022 6.7% 9.1%
2021 5.13% 7.75%
2020 6.62% 9.76%
2019 3.73% 7.88%
2018 3.94% 7.61%
2017 3.33% 6.22%
2016 4.95% 9.64%
2015 4.91% 8.67%
2014 6.67% 8.88%
2013 10% 8.58%
2012 9.48% 8.1%
2011 8.91% 8.09%
2010 12% 6.7%
2009 10.9% 7.06%
2008 8.35% 7.88%
2007 6.37% 8.11%
2006 5.8% 6.4%
2005 4.25% 4.7%
2004 3.77% 9.16%
2003 3.81% 19.4%
2002 4.3% 14%
2001 3.78% 4.36%
2000 4.01% 4.76%
1999 4.67% 5.66%
1998 13.2% 10.8%
1997 7.16% 19.8%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/uruguay | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, India has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.2%, compared with 8.43% in Uruguay. In 2025, inflation was 2.4% in India and 4.65% in Uruguay.

Top exports between countries

India
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $80.9M
Chemicals & pharma $68.4M
Textiles & consumer goods $34.9M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $27.9M
Raw materials & minerals $6.68M
Metals $2.85M
Raw agricultural goods $1.98M
Wood & paper products $1.79M
Animal & marine products $411K
Precious metals & jewellery $137K
Uruguay
Export category Export value
Wood & paper products $61.1M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.75M
Metals $5.14M
Machinery & equipment $4.99M
Raw agricultural goods $3.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.32M
Animal & marine products $1.79M
Chemicals & pharma $438K
Precious metals & jewellery $65K

Balance of trade

India Uruguay
Current account balance
-$16.5B
2025
-$374M
2025
Current account balance ranking
182/190
2025
100/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.42%
2025
-0.44%
2025
Goods imports
$761B
2025
$13.6B
2025
Goods exports
$450B
2025
$16.1B
2025
Service imports
$203B
2025
$5.96B
2025
Service exports
$412B
2025
$7.39B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
24%
2025
22.6%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.3%
2025
27.1%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

India Uruguay
Economic freedom 52.5 69.8
Economic freedom ranking 146/197 39/197
Property rights 48.3 87.4
Government integrity 37.8 79
Judicial effectiveness 52.6 80.9
Tax burden 71.2 73.3
Government spending 75.7 72
Fiscal health 6.7 76.6
Business freedom 67.4 83.8
Labor freedom 59 61.7
Monetary freedom 70.9 70.2
Trade freedom 61 73.2
Investment freedom 40 50
Financial freedom 40 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

India
Uruguay
1x
Year Economic freedom index
India Uruguay
2026 52.5 69.8
2025 53 70.2
2024 52.9 69.8
2023 52.9 70.2
2022 53.9 70
2021 56.5 69.3
2020 56.5 69.1
2019 55.2 68.6
2018 54.5 69.2
2017 52.6 69.7
2016 56.2 68.8
2015 54.6 68.6
2014 55.7 69.3
2013 55.2 69.7
2012 54.6 69.9
2011 54.6 70
2010 53.8 69.8
2009 54.4 69.1
2008 54.1 67.9
2007 53.9 68.4
2006 52.2 65.3
2005 54.2 66.9
2004 51.5 66.7
2003 51.2 69.8
2002 51.2 68.7
2001 49 70.7
2000 47.4 69.3
1999 50.2 68.5
1998 49.7 68.6
1997 49.7 67.5
1996 47.4 63.7
1995 45.1 62.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/uruguay | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for India is 52.5, ranking 146/197, compared to 69.8 for Uruguay, ranking 39/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

India Uruguay
Services, % of GDP
49.3%
2025
65.2%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
25.2%
2025
16.9%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
16.2%
2025
6.38%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$4.04T
2025
$81.3B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$11,600
2025
$36,330
2025
Total reserves including gold
$700B
2025
$19B
2025
Total reserves ranking
5/177
2025
67/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$3.41B
2025
-$457M
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$27.1B
2024
-$3.94B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$24.2B
2024
-$1.37B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.47%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
21.9%
2011
17.3%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
34.6%
2025
16.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/uruguay | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.