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Economy of Italy vs Uruguay compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Italy has a GDP of $2.38T compared to $81B for Uruguay, ranking 8/197 and 81/197 by economy size, respectively.

Italy has $3.22T in government debt (135.3% of GDP), compared to $55.6B (68.7% of GDP) in Uruguay.

Italy vs Uruguay GDP by year

Italy
Uruguay
1x
Year GDP, current $
Italy Uruguay
2024 $2,380,825,077,244 $80,961,511,074
2023 $2,316,727,999,333 $77,991,666,838
2022 $2,104,067,630,319 $70,594,110,920
2021 $2,179,207,773,596 $60,739,084,241
2020 $1,907,481,094,079 $53,559,359,262
2019 $2,019,606,796,584 $62,222,313,619
2018 $2,099,435,266,459 $65,344,577,416
2017 $1,970,720,904,585 $65,005,997,963
2016 $1,887,111,188,177 $57,480,787,465
2015 $1,845,428,048,839 $57,680,327,999
2014 $2,173,255,507,986 $61,496,186,974
2013 $2,153,225,581,941 $61,337,621,934
2012 $2,097,929,495,122 $54,232,266,359
2011 $2,306,974,020,278 $50,342,406,067
2010 $2,144,936,254,535 $41,950,361,212
2009 $2,209,484,319,013 $32,708,319,078
2008 $2,417,508,414,187 $31,119,602,539
2007 $2,222,524,108,128 $23,797,773,024
2006 $1,958,563,654,386 $19,741,420,740
2005 $1,864,982,261,287 $17,362,857,684
2004 $1,812,808,753,295 $13,686,329,890
2003 $1,582,930,016,539 $12,045,638,352
2002 $1,281,746,271,196 $13,606,515,723
2001 $1,172,041,488,806 $20,898,761,742
2000 $1,149,661,363,439 $22,823,270,892
1999 $1,255,004,736,464 $23,983,945,191
1998 $1,272,729,786,997 $25,385,886,978
1997 $1,244,988,176,444 $23,969,739,234
1996 $1,314,776,508,972 $20,515,458,114
1995 $1,177,369,428,266 $19,297,663,097
1994 $1,101,750,159,702 $17,474,588,896
1993 $1,067,412,587,671 $15,002,136,971
1992 $1,323,204,350,354 $12,878,148,791
1991 $1,249,092,439,519 $11,206,176,651
1990 $1,183,945,130,899 $9,298,807,850
1989 $930,801,709,004 $8,438,951,476
1988 $893,663,934,841 $8,213,538,369
1987 $807,570,134,449 $7,367,494,080
1986 $641,862,313,287 $5,880,112,788
1985 $453,259,761,687 $4,732,017,873
1984 $438,896,930,791 $4,850,238,550
1983 $444,063,496,940 $5,102,276,308
1982 $428,257,421,618 $9,178,780,077
1981 $431,695,533,981 $11,048,301,421
1980 $478,356,755,596 $10,163,020,116
1979 $394,584,507,108 $7,181,182,224
1978 $315,784,469,541 $4,910,254,566
1977 $258,190,019,750 $4,114,670,014
1976 $225,235,205,862 $3,667,161,241
1975 $228,220,643,535 $3,538,278,047
1974 $200,024,444,775 $4,090,209,682
1973 $175,896,529,392 $3,964,296,443
1972 $145,594,833,997 $2,189,418,689
1971 $124,959,712,859 $2,807,258,065
1970 $113,656,669,765 $2,137,096,774
1969 $100,996,667,239 $2,004,435,484
1968 $91,485,448,148 $1,593,674,185
1967 $84,401,995,573 $1,597,713,469
1966 $76,622,444,787 $1,809,185,094
1965 $70,717,012,186 $1,890,767,156
1964 $65,720,771,779 $1,975,701,816
1963 $60,035,924,618 $1,539,681,491
1962 $52,413,872,628 $1,710,004,407
1961 $46,649,487,320 $1,547,388,781
1960 $42,012,422,612 $1,242,289,239

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/uruguay | CC BY

GDP per capita in Italy vs Uruguay by year

Italy
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Uruguay
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Italy Uruguay
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $40,385 $62,014 $23,907 $36,418
2023 $39,277 $60,030 $23,019 $34,471
2022 $35,654 $57,261 $20,819 $33,001
2021 $36,853 $49,825 $17,882 $29,432
2020 $32,091 $44,436 $15,758 $25,725
2019 $33,813 $46,662 $18,316 $25,783
2018 $34,904 $43,387 $19,250 $24,386
2017 $32,844 $42,142 $19,185 $23,607
2016 $31,392 $40,483 $17,010 $22,841
2015 $30,640 $37,384 $17,126 $22,169
2014 $36,028 $36,666 $18,322 $21,868
2013 $35,702 $36,459 $18,335 $20,661
2012 $34,854 $36,281 $16,260 $19,495
2011 $38,432 $36,392 $15,132 $19,135
2010 $35,857 $34,974 $12,641 $17,873
2009 $37,100 $34,502 $9,881 $16,422
2008 $40,829 $35,422 $9,424 $15,694
2007 $37,826 $34,108 $7,222 $14,397
2006 $33,537 $32,454 $6,001 $13,179
2005 $32,063 $30,138 $5,284 $12,296
2004 $31,348 $29,581 $4,169 $11,103
2003 $27,578 $29,249 $3,671 $10,303
2002 $22,451 $28,833 $4,150 $10,030
2001 $20,570 $28,134 $6,383 $10,719
2000 $20,190 $27,152 $6,988 $10,929
1999 $22,050 $25,655 $7,371 $10,938
1998 $22,365 $25,075 $7,837 $11,002
1997 $21,884 $23,937 $7,436 $10,461
1996 $23,123 $23,101 $6,398 $9,524
1995 $20,712 $22,446 $6,050 $8,906
1994 $19,382 $21,369 $5,508 $8,897
1993 $18,782 $20,485 $4,753 $8,162
1992 $23,297 $20,196 $4,102 $7,808
1991 $22,007 $19,596 $3,589 $7,112
1990 $20,874 $18,680 $2,995 $6,683
1989 $16,424 - $2,734 -
1988 $15,781 - $2,677 -
1987 $14,268 - $2,416 -
1986 $11,341 - $1,939 -
1985 $8,009 - $1,568 -
1984 $7,758 - $1,615 -
1983 $7,851 - $1,707 -
1982 $7,574 - $3,085 -
1981 $7,640 - $3,728 -
1980 $8,476 - $3,443 -
1979 $7,006 - $2,443 -
1978 $5,623 - $1,678 -
1977 $4,614 - $1,414 -
1976 $4,042 - $1,268 -
1975 $4,116 - $1,232 -
1974 $3,629 - $1,433 -
1973 $3,213 - $1,397 -
1972 $2,677 - $776 -
1971 $2,311 - $1,000 -
1970 $2,112 - $766 -
1969 $1,886 - $723 -
1968 $1,718 - $579 -
1967 $1,595 - $585 -
1966 $1,459 - $668 -
1965 $1,357 - $705 -
1964 $1,272 - $745 -
1963 $1,171 - $587 -
1962 $1,030 - $659 -
1961 $923 - $604 -
1960 $837 - $491 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/uruguay | CC BY

Italy's GDP per capita is $40,385, ranking 29/197, compared to $23,907 in Uruguay, ranking 52/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Italy ranks 31st at $62,014, while Uruguay ranks 61st at $36,418.

Economic indicators

Italy Uruguay
Gross domestic product
$2.38T
2024
$81B
2024
GDP rank
8/197
2024
81/197
2024
GDP growth
0.69%
2023-2024
3.11%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$40,385
2024
$23,907
2024
GDP per capita rank
29/197
2024
52/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$62,014
2024
$36,418
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
31/197
2024
61/197
2024
Government debt
$3.22T
2024
$55.6B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
135.3%
2024
68.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$54,652
2024
$16,421
2024
Government debt per person rank
6/185
2024
38/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$23,800
2026
$12,433
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$587B
2014
$284M
1996
Number of millionaires
1,344,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
74
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25.8%
2023
30%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2023
2.2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
50.6%
2024
31.1%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
0.98%
2023-2024
4.85%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
8.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.5%
2024
8.21%
2024
Population
58562681
3382789

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Italy
Spending

Debt
Uruguay
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Italy Uruguay
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 50.6% 135.3% 31.1% 68.7%
2023 54% 134.6% 30.5% 64%
2022 54.9% 138.3% 30% 59.9%
2021 56% 145.8% 30.2% 64.1%
2020 56.8% 154.4% 32.8% 68.2%
2019 48.4% 133.9% 30.6% 59.6%
2018 48.3% 134.2% 30.3% 57.9%
2017 48.8% 133.7% 29.7% 55.8%
2016 49% 134.2% 29.7% 56.4%
2015 50.2% 134.8% 28.4% 57.8%
2014 50.7% 134.8% 29.1% 51.1%
2013 50.9% 131.9% 28.8% 50%
2012 50.5% 125.9% 27.7% 49.8%
2011 49% 119.1% 26.3% 41.3%
2010 49.8% 118.8% 27.4% 40.9%
2009 51.1% 116.1% 27.2% 46.2%
2008 47.8% 105.8% 26.3% 46.2%
2007 46.6% 103.5% 26.8% 52.8%
2006 47.6% 106.3% 26.8% 61.1%
2005 47.1% 106.2% 26.3% 66.2%
2004 46.7% 104.7% 26.6% 73.7%
2003 47% 105.1% 27.7% 91.9%
2002 46.5% 105.9% 27.6% 90.1%
2001 47.1% 108.5% 27.8% 39.4%
2000 46.4% 108.7% 26.6% 30.5%
1999 47.1% 113.1% 27.2% 24.1%
1998 48% 113.9% 27.3% 19.4%
1997 49.3% 116.5% 27.6% 18.8%
1996 51.3% 118.9% 26.5% 18.3%
1995 51.4% 119.1% 26.2% 18.5%
1994 55.1% 130.8% 29.5% 19.3%
1993 57.8% 124.1% 27.7% 20%
1992 56.8% 113% 23.6% 22.2%
1991 55.3% 105.3% 22.2% 20.4%
1990 54.2% 101.7% 21.1% 26.2%
1989 51.6% 91.8% 37% -
1988 50.4% 89.2% 26% 34.8%
1987 49.8% 87.4% 24.4% 37.3%
1986 50.5% 83.4% 25.1% 34.6%
1985 49.8% 79.1% 24.6% 29%
1984 49.1% 73.1% 25.6% 39.5%
1983 48.9% 67.8% 26.5% 21.2%
1982 46.7% 61.8% 29.5% 13.5%
1981 44.6% 57.3% 25% 4.32%
1980 40.8% 55.1% 21.8% 4.59%
1979 40.1% 58.9% 20.2% 3.98%
1978 40.9% 59.9% 22.9% 5.64%
1977 38.5% 56% 23.5% 7.26%
1976 38.1% 57.3% 24.2% 8.67%
1975 39.1% 57.9% 23% 8.13%
1974 34.8% 50.8% 23.8% 7.61%
1973 35.3% 51.1% 22.6% 7%
1972 36.4% 48.2% 24.6% 9.12%
1971 34.4% 42.4% 20.1% 9.3%
1970 32.3% 37.8% 15.1% 6.11%
1969 32.1% 37% 14.6% -
1968 32.6% 36.4% 14.1% -
1967 17.9% 33.3% 14.7% -
1966 19.1% 33.4% 14.1% -
1965 18.6% 28.4% 15.6% -
1964 18.2% 27.2% 14.3% -
1963 16.7% 27.2% 14.6% -
1962 17.5% 29% 16% -
1961 17.3% 30% 13% -
1960 16.5% 31.4% 9.9% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1998, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/uruguay | CC BY

In 2024, Italy's government spending was $1.2T, accounting for 50.6% of its GDP, while Uruguay spent $25.2B, or 31.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 135.3% in Italy and 68.7% in Uruguay, ranking 8/185 and 59/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Italy

Uruguay
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Italy Uruguay
2024 -3.45% -3.22%
2023 -7.24% -3.13%
2022 -8.11% -2.52%
2021 -8.88% -2.61%
2020 -9.38% -4.64%
2019 -1.45% -2.71%
2018 -2.19% -1.89%
2017 -2.51% -2.51%
2016 -2.4% -2.68%
2015 -2.46% -1.86%
2014 -2.82% -2.6%
2013 -2.87% -1.72%
2012 -2.99% -2.17%
2011 -3.52% -0.33%
2010 -4.16% -0.39%
2009 -5.06% -1.39%
2008 -2.58% -1.31%
2007 -1.33% -0.16%
2006 -3.61% -0.64%
2005 -4.1% -0.28%
2004 -3.46% -0.87%
2003 -3.23% -2.19%
2002 -2.88% -3.19%
2001 -3.18% -2.85%
2000 -2.42% -2.76%
1999 -1.77% -2.76%
1998 -2.99% -0.76%
1997 -2.98% -0.97%
1996 -6.61% -1.32%
1995 -7.2% -1.08%
1994 -8.84% -2.37%
1993 -9.76% -0.47%
1992 -10.1% 0.6%
1991 -11.1% 0.88%
1990 -11.1% 0.49%
1989 -11.4% -13.1%
1988 -11% -1.47%
1987 -11.5% -0.66%
1986 -12% -0.34%
1985 -12.4% -1.88%
1984 -11.5% -4.94%
1983 -10.1% -3.54%
1982 -10% -8.22%
1981 -10.9% -1.15%
1980 -6.97% 0.43%
1979 -8.23% 0.99%
1978 -8.47% -0.47%
1977 -6.96% -0.69%
1976 -7.88% -2.01%
1975 -10.3% -4.38%
1974 -6.24% -3.74%
1973 -6.36% -1.09%
1972 -6.84% -2.25%
1971 -4.71% -5.86%
1970 -3.22% -1.33%
1969 -2.85% -2.37%
1968 -2.55% -2.93%
1967 -0.97% -4.12%
1966 -1.59% -2.01%
1965 -2.67% -5.14%
1964 -2.35% -3.61%
1963 -0.3% -4.4%
1962 -0.95% -5.02%
1961 -0.57% -0.86%
1960 -0.28% 0.79%
1959 -1% 0.64%
1958 -0.98% -1.38%
1957 -1.09% -0.72%
1956 -1.46% 0.04%
1955 -2.03% -1.24%
1954 -1.84% -
1953 -2.33% -
1952 -4.08% -
1951 -3.86% -
1950 -2.42% -
1949 -2.82% -
1948 -4.58% -
1947 -6.62% -
1946 -9.82% -
1945 -16.9% -
1944 -35.1% -
1943 -16.1% -
1942 -26.9% -
1941 -25.1% -
1940 -24.3% -
1939 -9.49% -
1938 -5.97% -
1937 -5.78% -
1936 -7.93% -
1935 -9.83% -
1934 -2.5% -
1933 -4.85% -
1932 -3.06% -
1931 -2.14% -
1930 -0.55% -
1929 -0.59% -
1928 -2.09% -
1927 -1.71% -
1926 -0.09% -
1925 1.7% -
1924 1.19% -
1923 -3.21% -
1922 -11% -
1921 -7.77% -
1920 -5.89% -
1919 -11.2% -
1918 -22.7% -
1917 -27.6% -
1916 -28.2% -
1915 -25.8% -
1914 -12.4% -
1913 -0.86% -
1912 -1.86% -
1911 -0.63% -
1910 -0.32% -
1909 -0.69% -
1908 -1.31% -
1907 -0.51% -
1906 -0.69% -
1905 -1.57% -
1904 0.58% -
1903 0.32% -
1902 0.48% -
1901 0.36% -
1900 0.28% -
1899 -0.11% -
1898 -0.21% -
1897 0.009% -
1896 -0.43% -
1895 -0.69% -
1894 -0.23% -
1893 -0.49% -
1892 -0.25% -
1891 -1.41% -
1890 -0.32% -
1889 -1.32% -
1888 -2.11% -
1887 -1.94% -
1886 -0.5% -
1885 0.2% -
1884 -1.46% -
1883 -0.51% -
1882 -0.5% -
1881 -0.04% -
1880 0.38% -
1879 0.73% -
1878 0.09% -
1877 -0.009% -
1876 -0.05% -
1875 0.58% -
1874 -0.08% -
1873 0.21% -
1872 0% -
1871 -0.13% -
1870 -0.82% -
1869 0.33% -
1868 -0.79% -
1867 -1.45% -
1866 -3.1% -
1865 -2.72% -
1864 -3.06% -
1863 -4.16% -
1862 -3.96% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1862–1998, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/uruguay | CC BY

In 2024, Italy's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $82B, equivalent to 3.45% of GDP. This compares to Uruguay's deficit of $2.6B, or 3.22% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Italy recorded a fiscal deficit in 65 of those years, while Uruguay ran a deficit in 59 years. On average, Italy posted an annual deficit equal to 5.55% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.21% of GDP for Uruguay.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Italy

Uruguay
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Italy Uruguay
2024 0.98% 4.85%
2023 5.62% 5.87%
2022 8.2% 9.1%
2021 1.87% 7.75%
2020 -0.14% 9.76%
2019 0.61% 7.88%
2018 1.14% 7.61%
2017 1.23% 6.22%
2016 -0.09% 9.64%
2015 0.04% 8.67%
2014 0.24% 8.88%
2013 1.22% 8.58%
2012 3.04% 8.1%
2011 2.78% 8.09%
2010 1.53% 6.7%
2009 0.77% 7.06%
2008 3.35% 7.88%
2007 1.83% 8.11%
2006 2.09% 6.4%
2005 1.99% 4.7%
2004 2.21% 9.16%
2003 2.67% 19.4%
2002 2.47% 14%
2001 2.79% 4.36%
2000 2.54% 4.76%
1999 1.66% 5.66%
1998 1.96% 10.8%
1997 2.04% 19.8%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/uruguay | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Italy has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.02%, compared with 8.56% in Uruguay. In 2024, inflation was 0.98% in Italy and 4.85% in Uruguay.

Top exports between countries

Italy
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $204M
Machinery & equipment $102M
Textiles & consumer goods $24.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $21.1M
Transport & tourism services $12.3M
Metals $8.89M
Precious metals & jewellery $6.48M
Raw materials & minerals $5.58M
Raw agricultural goods $4.9M
Business & finance services $2.84M
Uruguay
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $68.6M
Textiles & consumer goods $19.1M
Wood & paper products $5.9M
Raw agricultural goods $2.41M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $564K
Raw materials & minerals $447K
Machinery & equipment $411K
Chemicals & pharma $396K
Metals $389K
Precious metals & jewellery $120K

Balance of trade

Italy Uruguay
Current account balance
$25.8B
2024
-$633M
2024
Current account balance ranking
19/190
2024
111/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.08%
2024
-0.78%
2024
Goods imports
$562B
2024
$13B
2024
Goods exports
$621B
2024
$16.3B
2024
Service imports
$160B
2024
$6.22B
2024
Service exports
$155B
2024
$7.1B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.3%
2024
23.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.5%
2024
28.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Italy Uruguay
Economic freedom 63.3 69.8
Economic freedom ranking 80/197 39/197
Property rights 84.8 87.4
Government integrity 60.8 79
Judicial effectiveness 80.9 80.9
Tax burden 57.5 73.3
Government spending 15.3 72
Fiscal health 17.2 76.6
Business freedom 74.5 83.8
Labor freedom 70.6 61.7
Monetary freedom 79.1 70.2
Trade freedom 79.4 73.2
Investment freedom 80 50
Financial freedom 60 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Italy
Uruguay
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Italy Uruguay
2026 63.3 69.8
2025 60.9 70.2
2024 60.1 69.8
2023 62.3 70.2
2022 65.4 70
2021 64.9 69.3
2020 63.8 69.1
2019 62.2 68.6
2018 62.5 69.2
2017 62.5 69.7
2016 61.2 68.8
2015 61.7 68.6
2014 60.9 69.3
2013 60.6 69.7
2012 58.8 69.9
2011 60.3 70
2010 62.7 69.8
2009 61.4 69.1
2008 62.6 67.9
2007 62.8 68.4
2006 62 65.3
2005 64.9 66.9
2004 64.2 66.7
2003 64.3 69.8
2002 63.6 68.7
2001 63 70.7
2000 61.9 69.3
1999 61.6 68.5
1998 59.1 68.6
1997 58.1 67.5
1996 60.8 63.7
1995 61.2 62.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/uruguay | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Italy is 63.3, ranking 80/197, compared to 69.8 for Uruguay, ranking 39/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Italy Uruguay
Services, % of GDP
65%
2024
65.3%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
22.3%
2024
16.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2%
2024
6.42%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.28T
2024
$73.3B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$61,620
2024
$34,170
2024
Total reserves including gold
$291B
2024
$17.4B
2024
Total reserves ranking
12/177
2024
66/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$19B
2024
$2.58B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$26.9B
2024
-$3.94B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$45.9B
2024
-$1.37B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
20.1%
2021
17.3%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.6%
2024
15.6%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/uruguay | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1862–1998, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.