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Economy of Spain vs Uruguay compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Spain has a GDP of $1.73T compared to $81B for Uruguay, ranking 15/197 and 81/197 by economy size, respectively.

Spain has $1.75T in government debt (101.6% of GDP), compared to $55.6B (68.7% of GDP) in Uruguay.

Spain vs Uruguay GDP by year

Spain
Uruguay
1x
Year GDP, current $
Spain Uruguay
2024 $1,725,671,652,742 $80,961,511,074
2023 $1,619,481,980,720 $77,991,666,838
2022 $1,448,850,658,407 $70,594,110,920
2021 $1,461,244,901,853 $60,739,084,241
2020 $1,289,783,836,971 $53,559,359,262
2019 $1,403,496,387,686 $62,222,313,619
2018 $1,431,642,809,327 $65,344,577,416
2017 $1,321,754,088,819 $65,005,997,963
2016 $1,243,015,667,917 $57,480,787,465
2015 $1,206,164,777,553 $57,680,327,999
2014 $1,380,244,561,362 $61,496,186,974
2013 $1,362,186,923,158 $61,337,621,934
2012 $1,330,994,811,670 $54,232,266,359
2011 $1,487,568,659,241 $50,342,406,067
2010 $1,427,989,078,917 $41,950,361,212
2009 $1,496,587,590,848 $32,708,319,078
2008 $1,636,115,447,613 $31,119,602,539
2007 $1,476,746,276,855 $23,797,773,024
2006 $1,261,846,683,275 $19,741,420,740
2005 $1,154,667,551,776 $17,362,857,684
2004 $1,069,829,382,515 $13,686,329,890
2003 $907,963,217,058 $12,045,638,352
2002 $708,938,227,244 $13,606,515,723
2001 $627,798,682,379 $20,898,761,742
2000 $598,102,854,756 $22,823,270,892
1999 $634,394,904,387 $23,983,945,191
1998 $618,731,484,575 $25,385,886,978
1997 $589,739,772,727 $23,969,739,234
1996 $642,251,412,058 $20,515,458,114
1995 $614,170,002,669 $19,297,663,097
1994 $530,183,651,720 $17,474,588,896
1993 $524,700,572,624 $15,002,136,971
1992 $630,465,353,486 $12,878,148,791
1991 $576,753,902,322 $11,206,176,651
1990 $536,175,326,477 $9,298,807,850
1989 $414,460,794,097 $8,438,951,476
1988 $375,891,716,898 $8,213,538,369
1987 $318,520,253,335 $7,367,494,080
1986 $251,141,555,186 $5,880,112,788
1985 $180,664,322,896 $4,732,017,873
1984 $171,979,977,230 $4,850,238,550
1983 $170,829,074,246 $5,102,276,308
1982 $195,856,752,991 $9,178,780,077
1981 $202,663,023,968 $11,048,301,421
1980 $232,600,556,974 $10,163,020,116
1979 $214,448,666,336 $7,181,182,224
1978 $160,484,969,618 $4,910,254,566
1977 $132,354,665,936 $4,114,670,014
1976 $118,422,534,195 $3,667,161,241
1975 $114,695,060,870 $3,538,278,047
1974 $97,204,522,642 $4,090,209,682
1973 $78,583,355,226 $3,964,296,443
1972 $59,090,176,029 $2,189,418,689
1971 $46,586,119,760 $2,807,258,065
1970 $40,963,715,237 $2,137,096,774
1969 $37,090,689,288 $2,004,435,484
1968 $32,394,326,464 $1,593,674,185
1967 $32,570,905,397 $1,597,713,469
1966 $29,559,436,183 $1,809,185,094
1965 $25,479,619,607 $1,890,767,156
1964 $21,966,876,027 $1,975,701,816
1963 $19,631,714,760 $1,539,681,491
1962 $16,609,632,791 $1,710,004,407
1961 $14,238,126,760 $1,547,388,781
1960 $12,424,514,014 $1,242,289,239

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/uruguay | CC BY

GDP per capita in Spain vs Uruguay by year

Spain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Uruguay
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Spain Uruguay
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $35,327 $57,965 $23,907 $36,418
2023 $33,493 $55,682 $23,019 $34,471
2022 $30,319 $51,399 $20,819 $33,001
2021 $30,799 $44,252 $17,882 $29,432
2020 $27,234 $39,328 $15,758 $25,725
2019 $29,787 $44,043 $18,316 $25,783
2018 $30,602 $41,015 $19,250 $24,386
2017 $28,381 $39,825 $19,185 $23,607
2016 $26,756 $37,613 $17,010 $22,841
2015 $25,982 $35,229 $17,126 $22,169
2014 $29,708 $33,761 $18,322 $21,868
2013 $29,229 $32,614 $18,335 $20,661
2012 $28,456 $31,870 $16,260 $19,495
2011 $31,825 $32,016 $15,132 $19,135
2010 $30,659 $31,805 $12,641 $17,873
2009 $32,280 $32,218 $9,881 $16,422
2008 $35,603 $33,350 $9,424 $15,694
2007 $32,652 $32,536 $7,222 $14,397
2006 $28,422 $30,749 $6,001 $13,179
2005 $26,451 $27,630 $5,284 $12,296
2004 $24,925 $26,160 $4,169 $11,103
2003 $21,522 $25,057 $3,671 $10,303
2002 $17,111 $24,378 $4,150 $10,030
2001 $15,368 $22,952 $6,383 $10,719
2000 $14,743 $21,582 $6,988 $10,929
1999 $15,708 $19,938 $7,371 $10,938
1998 $15,382 $19,083 $7,837 $11,002
1997 $14,722 $17,903 $7,436 $10,461
1996 $16,101 $16,971 $6,398 $9,524
1995 $15,461 $16,276 $6,050 $8,906
1994 $13,406 $15,582 $5,508 $8,897
1993 $13,330 $14,973 $4,753 $8,162
1992 $16,101 $14,855 $4,102 $7,808
1991 $14,801 $14,461 $3,589 $7,112
1990 $13,795 $13,676 $2,995 $6,683
1989 $10,674 - $2,734 -
1988 $9,696 - $2,677 -
1987 $8,234 - $2,416 -
1986 $6,509 - $1,939 -
1985 $4,696 - $1,568 -
1984 $4,487 - $1,615 -
1983 $4,475 - $1,707 -
1982 $5,156 - $3,085 -
1981 $5,367 - $3,728 -
1980 $6,204 - $3,443 -
1979 $5,766 - $2,443 -
1978 $4,353 - $1,678 -
1977 $3,625 - $1,414 -
1976 $3,277 - $1,268 -
1975 $3,208 - $1,232 -
1974 $2,748 - $1,433 -
1973 $2,246 - $1,397 -
1972 $1,708 - $776 -
1971 $1,361 - $1,000 -
1970 $1,211 - $766 -
1969 $1,109 - $723 -
1968 $978 - $579 -
1967 $997 - $585 -
1966 $916 - $668 -
1965 $797 - $705 -
1964 $695 - $745 -
1963 $627 - $587 -
1962 $535 - $659 -
1961 $463 - $604 -
1960 $408 - $491 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/uruguay | CC BY

Spain's GDP per capita is $35,327, ranking 32/197, compared to $23,907 in Uruguay, ranking 52/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Spain ranks 34th at $57,965, while Uruguay ranks 61st at $36,418.

Economic indicators

Spain Uruguay
Gross domestic product
$1.73T
2024
$81B
2024
GDP rank
15/197
2024
81/197
2024
GDP growth
3.46%
2023-2024
3.11%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$35,327
2024
$23,907
2024
GDP per capita rank
32/197
2024
52/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$57,965
2024
$36,418
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
34/197
2024
61/197
2024
Government debt
$1.75T
2024
$55.6B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
101.6%
2024
68.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$35,909
2024
$16,421
2024
Government debt per person rank
20/185
2024
38/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$25,470
2026
$12,433
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$754B
2024
$284M
1996
Number of millionaires
1,202,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
34
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.5%
2023
30%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
2.2%
2023
2.2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
45.3%
2024
31.1%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.77%
2023-2024
4.85%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
8.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
11.3%
2024
8.21%
2024
Population
48806901
3382789

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Spain
Spending

Debt
Uruguay
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Spain Uruguay
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 45.3% 101.6% 31.1% 68.7%
2023 45.5% 105.1% 30.5% 64%
2022 46.4% 109.2% 30% 59.9%
2021 49.5% 115.6% 30.2% 64.1%
2020 51.4% 119.2% 32.8% 68.2%
2019 42% 97.6% 30.6% 59.6%
2018 41.5% 99.7% 30.3% 57.9%
2017 41% 101.1% 29.7% 55.8%
2016 42.1% 102% 29.7% 56.4%
2015 43.7% 102.4% 28.4% 57.8%
2014 45.1% 104.4% 29.1% 51.1%
2013 46.2% 100% 28.8% 50%
2012 49.2% 89.6% 27.7% 49.8%
2011 45.9% 69.5% 26.3% 41.3%
2010 45.8% 60.3% 27.4% 40.9%
2009 46.1% 53.1% 27.2% 46.2%
2008 41.3% 39.6% 26.3% 46.2%
2007 39.2% 35.7% 26.8% 52.8%
2006 38.4% 39% 26.8% 61.1%
2005 38.4% 42.4% 26.3% 66.2%
2004 38.8% 45.3% 26.6% 73.7%
2003 38.4% 47.7% 27.7% 91.9%
2002 38.6% 51.2% 27.6% 90.1%
2001 38.4% 54.1% 27.8% 39.4%
2000 39.1% 57.8% 26.6% 30.5%
1999 40% 60.9% 27.2% 24.1%
1998 41% 62.4% 27.3% 19.4%
1997 41.5% 64.3% 27.6% 18.8%
1996 42.9% 65.4% 26.5% 18.3%
1995 44.1% 61.6% 26.2% 18.5%
1994 44.8% 57% 29.5% 19.3%
1993 46.3% 54.6% 27.7% 20%
1992 43.9% 44.1% 23.6% 22.2%
1991 42.6% 41.9% 22.2% 20.4%
1990 41.1% 41.3% 21.1% 26.2%
1989 32.1% 39.2% 37% -
1988 28.6% 38.2% 26% 34.8%
1987 31.1% 42.1% 24.4% 37.3%
1986 28.4% 36.5% 25.1% 34.6%
1985 27.6% 31.5% 24.6% 29%
1984 27% 18.3% 25.6% 39.5%
1983 26% 13.4% 26.5% 21.2%
1982 21.5% 12% 29.5% 13.5%
1981 18.1% 10.9% 25% 4.32%
1980 16.3% 10.2% 21.8% 4.59%
1979 14.3% 9.88% 20.2% 3.98%
1978 14.3% 9.93% 22.9% 5.64%
1977 12.8% 8.75% 23.5% 7.26%
1976 11.5% 8.21% 24.2% 8.67%
1975 11.4% 11.9% 23% 8.13%
1974 11.4% 13.6% 23.8% 7.61%
1973 9.88% 16.3% 22.6% 7%
1972 12.5% 17.6% 24.6% 9.12%
1971 14% 17.9% 20.1% 9.3%
1970 12.3% 19.2% 15.1% 6.11%
1969 12.3% 18.8% 14.6% -
1968 12.8% 18.3% 14.1% -
1967 12.5% 17.6% 14.7% -
1966 11.8% 17.7% 14.1% -
1965 14% 18.1% 15.6% -
1964 12.7% 19.5% 14.3% -
1963 12.4% 21% 14.6% -
1962 10.6% 24.4% 16% -
1961 9.97% 26.7% 13% -
1960 11% 29.4% 9.9% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1998, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/uruguay | CC BY

In 2024, Spain's government spending was $782B, accounting for 45.3% of its GDP, while Uruguay spent $25.2B, or 31.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 101.6% in Spain and 68.7% in Uruguay, ranking 21/185 and 59/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Spain

Uruguay
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Spain Uruguay
2024 -3.15% -3.22%
2023 -3.52% -3.13%
2022 -4.63% -2.52%
2021 -6.66% -2.61%
2020 -10% -4.64%
2019 -3.04% -2.71%
2018 -2.58% -1.89%
2017 -3.1% -2.51%
2016 -4.26% -2.68%
2015 -5.26% -1.86%
2014 -6.07% -2.6%
2013 -7.49% -1.72%
2012 -11.5% -2.17%
2011 -9.69% -0.33%
2010 -9.49% -0.39%
2009 -11.2% -1.39%
2008 -4.56% -1.31%
2007 1.88% -0.16%
2006 2.12% -0.64%
2005 1.23% -0.28%
2004 -0.1% -0.87%
2003 -0.37% -2.19%
2002 -0.32% -3.19%
2001 -0.45% -2.85%
2000 -1.16% -2.76%
1999 -1.24% -2.76%
1998 -2.63% -0.76%
1997 -3.86% -0.97%
1996 -5.87% -1.32%
1995 -6.79% -1.08%
1994 -6.31% -2.37%
1993 -6.89% -0.47%
1992 -4.26% 0.6%
1991 -4.58% 0.88%
1990 -3.9% 0.49%
1989 -3.24% -13.1%
1988 -2.95% -1.47%
1987 -3.52% -0.66%
1986 -5.18% -0.34%
1985 -6.04% -1.88%
1984 -5.25% -4.94%
1983 -4.77% -3.54%
1982 -5.76% -8.22%
1981 -2.88% -1.15%
1980 -2.55% 0.43%
1979 -1.51% 0.99%
1978 -1.63% -0.47%
1977 -0.24% -0.69%
1976 0.43% -2.01%
1975 0.26% -4.38%
1974 0.11% -3.74%
1973 1.09% -1.09%
1972 0.24% -2.25%
1971 -0.96% -5.86%
1970 0.09% -1.33%
1969 -0.06% -2.37%
1968 -0.55% -2.93%
1967 -0.32% -4.12%
1966 0.07% -2.01%
1965 -0.04% -5.14%
1964 0.18% -3.61%
1963 -0.54% -4.4%
1962 1.27% -5.02%
1961 1.9% -0.86%
1960 0.69% 0.79%
1959 0.54% 0.64%
1958 0.23% -1.38%
1957 1.13% -0.72%
1956 -0.05% 0.04%
1955 0.6% -1.24%
1954 0.7% -
1953 1.02% -
1952 0.81% -
1951 -0.24% -
1950 -0.44% -
1949 -0.35% -
1948 -1.21% -
1947 -1.09% -
1946 -2.24% -
1945 -4.56% -
1944 -5.44% -
1943 -7.73% -
1942 -2.48% -
1941 -4.34% -
1940 -3.54% -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 -0.49% -
1934 -1.17% -
1933 -0.72% -
1932 -0.3% -
1931 0.1% -
1930 0.3% -
1929 -0.07% -
1928 -0.31% -
1927 -0.54% -
1926 -0.65% -
1925 -1.19% -
1924 -1.76% -
1923 -1.89% -
1922 -2.26% -
1921 -3.33% -
1920 -2.4% -
1919 -1.82% -
1918 -1.8% -
1917 -1.49% -
1916 -1.15% -
1915 -2.97% -
1914 -1.04% -
1913 -0.09% -
1912 -0.33% -
1911 0.19% -
1910 0.09% -
1909 -0.29% -
1908 0.59% -
1907 0.66% -
1906 0.91% -
1905 0.71% -
1904 0.52% -
1903 0.28% -
1902 0.74% -
1901 0.69% -
1900 1.04% -
1899 2.75% -
1898 0.13% -
1897 -0.64% -
1896 0.46% -
1895 0.83% -
1894 -0.08% -
1893 0.87% -
1892 -0.67% -
1891 -0.41% -
1890 -0.4% -
1889 -0.38% -
1888 -0.97% -
1887 -0.73% -
1886 -0.08% -
1885 -0.78% -
1884 -0.23% -
1883 -0.38% -
1882 0.38% -
1881 0.08% -
1880 -0.02% -
1879 -0.52% -
1878 -0.08% -
1877 0.11% -
1876 0.1% -
1875 -1.42% -
1874 -0.1% -
1873 2.22% -
1872 -2.27% -
1871 -2.64% -
1870 -3.42% -
1869 -2.64% -
1868 -1.46% -
1867 -0.79% -
1866 -0.83% -
1865 -1.84% -
1864 -2.48% -
1863 -1.55% -
1862 -1.76% -
1861 -1.77% -
1860 -0.94% -
1859 0.39% -
1858 -0.44% -
1857 -0.41% -
1856 -0.46% -
1855 -0.76% -
1854 -0.32% -
1853 -0.02% -
1852 -0.11% -
1851 -0.25% -
1850 0.31% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1998, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/uruguay | CC BY

In 2024, Spain's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $54.3B, equivalent to 3.15% of GDP. This compares to Uruguay's deficit of $2.6B, or 3.22% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Spain recorded a fiscal deficit in 51 of those years, while Uruguay ran a deficit in 59 years. On average, Spain posted an annual deficit equal to 2.94% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.21% of GDP for Uruguay.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Spain

Uruguay
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Spain Uruguay
2024 2.77% 4.85%
2023 3.53% 5.87%
2022 8.39% 9.1%
2021 3.09% 7.75%
2020 -0.32% 9.76%
2019 0.7% 7.88%
2018 1.67% 7.61%
2017 1.96% 6.22%
2016 -0.2% 9.64%
2015 -0.5% 8.67%
2014 -0.15% 8.88%
2013 1.41% 8.58%
2012 2.45% 8.1%
2011 3.2% 8.09%
2010 1.8% 6.7%
2009 -0.29% 7.06%
2008 4.08% 7.88%
2007 2.79% 8.11%
2006 3.52% 6.4%
2005 3.37% 4.7%
2004 3.04% 9.16%
2003 3.04% 19.4%
2002 3.07% 14%
2001 3.59% 4.36%
2000 3.43% 4.76%
1999 2.31% 5.66%
1998 1.83% 10.8%
1997 1.97% 19.8%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/uruguay | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Spain has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.34%, compared with 8.56% in Uruguay. In 2024, inflation was 2.77% in Spain and 4.85% in Uruguay.

Top exports between countries

Spain
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $82M
Chemicals & pharma $80M
Textiles & consumer goods $38.4M
Raw materials & minerals $31.7M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $29.9M
Metals $24.8M
Wood & paper products $9.86M
Miscellaneous $7.79M
Animal & marine products $6.95M
Raw agricultural goods $5.68M
Uruguay
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $39.8M
Animal & marine products $35.8M
Wood & paper products $9.48M
Chemicals & pharma $4.11M
Machinery & equipment $3.01M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.7M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.16M
Metals $1.85M
Raw materials & minerals $195K
Precious metals & jewellery $176K

Balance of trade

Spain Uruguay
Current account balance
$54.9B
2024
-$633M
2024
Current account balance ranking
13/190
2024
111/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+3.18%
2024
-0.78%
2024
Goods imports
$456B
2024
$13B
2024
Goods exports
$419B
2024
$16.3B
2024
Service imports
$111B
2024
$6.22B
2024
Service exports
$220B
2024
$7.1B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.9%
2024
23.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
37.1%
2024
28.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Spain Uruguay
Economic freedom 66.8 69.8
Economic freedom ranking 59/197 39/197
Property rights 88 87.4
Government integrity 64.2 79
Judicial effectiveness 74.3 80.9
Tax burden 58.2 73.3
Government spending 37.3 72
Fiscal health 57.3 76.6
Business freedom 82.6 83.8
Labor freedom 61.7 61.7
Monetary freedom 78.2 70.2
Trade freedom 79.4 73.2
Investment freedom 60 50
Financial freedom 60 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Spain
Uruguay
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Spain Uruguay
2026 66.8 69.8
2025 66.3 70.2
2024 63.3 69.8
2023 65 70.2
2022 68.2 70
2021 69.9 69.3
2020 66.9 69.1
2019 65.7 68.6
2018 65.1 69.2
2017 63.6 69.7
2016 68.5 68.8
2015 67.6 68.6
2014 67.2 69.3
2013 68 69.7
2012 69.1 69.9
2011 70.2 70
2010 69.6 69.8
2009 70.1 69.1
2008 69.1 67.9
2007 69.2 68.4
2006 68.2 65.3
2005 67 66.9
2004 68.9 66.7
2003 68.8 69.8
2002 68.8 68.7
2001 68.1 70.7
2000 65.9 69.3
1999 65.1 68.5
1998 62.6 68.6
1997 59.6 67.5
1996 59.6 63.7
1995 62.8 62.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/uruguay | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Spain is 66.8, ranking 59/197, compared to 69.8 for Uruguay, ranking 39/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Spain Uruguay
Services, % of GDP
68.9%
2024
65.3%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
19.5%
2024
16.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.75%
2024
6.42%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$1.64T
2024
$73.3B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$57,670
2024
$34,170
2024
Total reserves including gold
$108B
2024
$17.4B
2024
Total reserves ranking
26/177
2024
66/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$28.7B
2024
$2.58B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$42.8B
2024
-$3.94B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$71.5B
2024
-$1.37B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
20.2%
2022
17.3%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.2%
2024
15.6%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/spain/uruguay | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1998, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.