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Economy of Greece vs Uruguay compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Greece has a GDP of $256B compared to $81B for Uruguay, ranking 53/197 and 81/197 by economy size, respectively.

Greece has $397B in government debt (154.8% of GDP), compared to $55.6B (68.7% of GDP) in Uruguay.

Greece vs Uruguay GDP by year

Greece
Uruguay
1x
Year GDP, current $
Greece Uruguay
2024 $256,238,371,778 $80,961,511,074
2023 $242,946,187,738 $77,991,666,838
2022 $217,990,189,601 $70,594,110,920
2021 $218,303,801,895 $60,739,084,241
2020 $191,362,985,555 $53,559,359,262
2019 $207,305,649,887 $62,222,313,619
2018 $213,298,873,494 $65,344,577,416
2017 $200,381,103,984 $65,005,997,963
2016 $193,097,239,006 $57,480,787,465
2015 $194,567,373,678 $57,680,327,999
2014 $233,911,581,521 $61,496,186,974
2013 $236,556,279,641 $61,337,621,934
2012 $238,841,140,018 $54,232,266,359
2011 $283,228,079,776 $50,342,406,067
2010 $296,417,644,404 $41,950,361,212
2009 $326,829,054,686 $32,708,319,078
2008 $351,121,399,546 $31,119,602,539
2007 $314,226,996,944 $23,797,773,024
2006 $269,073,415,334 $19,741,420,740
2005 $242,315,668,619 $17,362,857,684
2004 $234,979,615,898 $13,686,329,890
2003 $196,930,509,813 $12,045,638,352
2002 $150,253,800,086 $13,606,515,723
2001 $132,050,474,720 $20,898,761,742
2000 $125,760,166,225 $22,823,270,892
1999 $137,131,371,955 $23,983,945,191
1998 $139,612,812,176 $25,385,886,978
1997 $138,766,067,640 $23,969,739,234
1996 $142,502,984,145 $20,515,458,114
1995 $134,974,613,914 $19,297,663,097
1994 $114,980,063,202 $17,474,588,896
1993 $107,295,704,518 $15,002,136,971
1992 $114,608,178,405 $12,878,148,791
1991 $103,680,863,713 $11,206,176,651
1990 $96,529,587,274 $9,298,807,850
1989 $78,067,933,277 $8,438,951,476
1988 $75,200,610,137 $8,213,538,369
1987 $64,739,630,096 $7,367,494,080
1986 $55,595,445,472 $5,880,112,788
1985 $47,155,741,426 $4,732,017,873
1984 $47,352,146,312 $4,850,238,550
1983 $48,741,397,059 $5,102,276,308
1982 $53,858,346,939 $9,178,780,077
1981 $51,618,456,335 $11,048,301,421
1980 $56,039,256,595 $10,163,020,116
1979 $53,724,121,435 $7,181,182,224
1978 $43,654,480,519 $4,910,254,566
1977 $35,673,080,481 $4,114,670,014
1976 $30,719,552,239 $3,667,161,241
1975 $28,129,128,587 $3,538,278,047
1974 $24,998,715,909 $4,090,209,682
1973 $22,037,019,563 $3,964,296,443
1972 $16,650,659,091 $2,189,418,689
1971 $14,388,806,818 $2,807,258,065
1970 $12,957,113,636 $2,137,096,774
1969 $11,454,106,327 $2,004,435,484
1968 $9,950,331,206 $1,593,674,185
1967 $9,146,592,856 $1,597,713,469
1966 $8,472,021,467 $1,809,185,094
1965 $7,582,209,670 $1,890,767,156
1964 $6,576,906,345 $1,975,701,816
1963 $5,813,285,627 $1,539,681,491
1962 $5,140,542,929 $1,710,004,407
1961 $4,892,397,431 $1,547,388,781
1960 $4,274,890,307 $1,242,289,239

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/uruguay | CC BY

GDP per capita in Greece vs Uruguay by year

Greece
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Uruguay
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Greece Uruguay
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $24,626 $44,327 $23,907 $36,418
2023 $23,344 $42,711 $23,019 $34,471
2022 $20,887 $39,612 $20,819 $33,001
2021 $20,655 $33,531 $17,882 $29,432
2020 $17,887 $29,533 $15,758 $25,725
2019 $19,335 $31,927 $18,316 $25,783
2018 $19,873 $29,792 $19,250 $24,386
2017 $18,632 $28,682 $19,185 $23,607
2016 $17,919 $27,505 $17,010 $22,841
2015 $17,981 $26,608 $17,126 $22,169
2014 $21,475 $26,450 $18,322 $21,868
2013 $21,573 $25,731 $18,335 $20,661
2012 $21,624 $24,583 $16,260 $19,495
2011 $25,505 $25,693 $15,132 $19,135
2010 $26,653 $27,839 $12,641 $17,873
2009 $29,425 $29,963 $9,881 $16,422
2008 $31,696 $30,441 $9,424 $15,694
2007 $28,441 $28,896 $7,222 $14,397
2006 $24,416 $28,076 $6,001 $13,179
2005 $22,054 $25,004 $5,284 $12,296
2004 $21,449 $24,826 $4,169 $11,103
2003 $18,021 $23,253 $3,671 $10,303
2002 $13,782 $21,985 $4,150 $10,030
2001 $12,157 $20,304 $6,383 $10,719
2000 $11,638 $18,820 $6,988 $10,929
1999 $12,743 $17,758 $7,371 $10,938
1998 $13,023 $17,434 $7,837 $11,002
1997 $13,016 $16,630 $7,436 $10,461
1996 $13,433 $15,778 $6,398 $9,524
1995 $12,779 $15,218 $6,050 $8,906
1994 $10,937 $14,667 $5,508 $8,897
1993 $10,257 $14,150 $4,753 $8,162
1992 $11,021 $14,130 $4,102 $7,808
1991 $10,047 $13,824 $3,589 $7,112
1990 $9,467 $13,126 $2,995 $6,683
1989 $7,738 - $2,734 -
1988 $7,492 - $2,677 -
1987 $6,474 - $2,416 -
1986 $5,578 - $1,939 -
1985 $4,747 - $1,568 -
1984 $4,785 - $1,615 -
1983 $4,950 - $1,707 -
1982 $5,502 - $3,085 -
1981 $5,305 - $3,728 -
1980 $5,812 - $3,443 -
1979 $5,627 - $2,443 -
1978 $4,629 - $1,678 -
1977 $3,832 - $1,414 -
1976 $3,343 - $1,268 -
1975 $3,109 - $1,232 -
1974 $2,789 - $1,433 -
1973 $2,468 - $1,397 -
1972 $1,873 - $776 -
1971 $1,629 - $1,000 -
1970 $1,474 - $766 -
1969 $1,306 - $723 -
1968 $1,138 - $579 -
1967 $1,053 - $585 -
1966 $984 - $668 -
1965 $887 - $705 -
1964 $773 - $745 -
1963 $686 - $587 -
1962 $608 - $659 -
1961 $583 - $604 -
1960 $513 - $491 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/uruguay | CC BY

Greece's GDP per capita is $24,626, ranking 49/197, compared to $23,907 in Uruguay, ranking 52/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Greece ranks 52nd at $44,327, while Uruguay ranks 61st at $36,418.

Economic indicators

Greece Uruguay
Gross domestic product
$256B
2024
$81B
2024
GDP rank
53/197
2024
81/197
2024
GDP growth
2.09%
2023-2024
3.11%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$24,626
2024
$23,907
2024
GDP per capita rank
49/197
2024
52/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$44,327
2024
$36,418
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
52/197
2024
61/197
2024
Government debt
$397B
2024
$55.6B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
154.8%
2024
68.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$38,119
2024
$16,421
2024
Government debt per person rank
16/185
2024
38/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$14,396
2026
$12,433
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$83.2B
2024
$284M
1996
Number of billionaires
16
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
26%
2023
30%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
2.7%
2023
2.2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
48%
2024
31.1%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.74%
2023-2024
4.85%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
8.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
10%
2024
8.21%
2024
Population
10181414
3382789

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Greece
Spending

Debt
Uruguay
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Greece Uruguay
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 48% 154.8% 31.1% 68.7%
2023 49.5% 165.2% 30.5% 64%
2022 52.8% 178.4% 30% 59.9%
2021 56.7% 197.8% 30.2% 64.1%
2020 59.3% 209.9% 32.8% 68.2%
2019 47.6% 183.7% 30.6% 59.6%
2018 48.6% 189.6% 30.3% 57.9%
2017 48.5% 182.6% 29.7% 55.8%
2016 50.3% 183.7% 29.7% 56.4%
2015 51.9% 180% 28.4% 57.8%
2014 51.5% 182.8% 29.1% 51.1%
2013 53% 180.5% 28.8% 50%
2012 54.9% 164.3% 27.7% 49.8%
2011 55.1% 175.1% 26.3% 41.3%
2010 53.1% 147.8% 27.4% 40.9%
2009 54.8% 128.5% 27.2% 46.2%
2008 51.5% 110.9% 26.3% 46.2%
2007 47.8% 104.6% 26.8% 52.8%
2006 45.9% 105.3% 26.8% 61.1%
2005 46.6% 109.9% 26.3% 66.2%
2004 48.8% 105.5% 26.6% 73.7%
2003 47.9% 104.3% 27.7% 91.9%
2002 47.1% 107.9% 27.6% 90.1%
2001 47.5% 110.5% 27.8% 39.4%
2000 48.2% 108.9% 26.6% 30.5%
1999 48% 102.8% 27.2% 24.1%
1998 46.7% 100.8% 27.3% 19.4%
1997 45.1% 102.6% 27.6% 18.8%
1996 46.1% 103.7% 26.5% 18.3%
1995 46.6% 100.4% 26.2% 18.5%
1994 36.9% 99.7% 29.5% 19.3%
1993 38.6% 101.7% 27.7% 20%
1992 36.9% 81.1% 23.6% 22.2%
1991 35.2% 75.7% 22.2% 20.4%
1990 38.5% 74.2% 21.1% 26.2%
1989 34.8% 60.7% 37% -
1988 33.8% 57.9% 26% 34.8%
1987 34% 53.2% 24.4% 37.3%
1986 33.8% 47.8% 25.1% 34.6%
1985 34.2% 47.3% 24.6% 29%
1984 32% 40.6% 25.6% 39.5%
1983 30.2% 34.1% 26.5% 21.2%
1982 28.7% 29.7% 29.5% 13.5%
1981 28.1% 27.1% 25% 4.32%
1980 24.5% 22.8% 21.8% 4.59%
1979 24.1% 22.7% 20.2% 3.98%
1978 30.1% 32.3% 22.9% 5.64%
1977 30.1% 24.5% 23.5% 7.26%
1976 29.1% 23.7% 24.2% 8.67%
1975 28.7% 24.1% 23% 8.13%
1974 25.3% 22.5% 23.8% 7.61%
1973 24.3% 22% 22.6% 7%
1972 26.8% 26.5% 24.6% 9.12%
1971 25.8% 25% 20.1% 9.3%
1970 25.2% 24.7% 15.1% 6.11%
1969 29.7% 25.8% 14.6% -
1968 26.3% 23% 14.1% -
1967 24.6% 21.1% 14.7% -
1966 22.8% 19% 14.1% -
1965 21.7% 16.5% 15.6% -
1964 20.4% 21.3% 14.3% -
1963 19.5% 22.6% 14.6% -
1962 19.7% 16.6% 16% -
1961 19.3% 14.4% 13% -
1960 20% 13.4% 9.9% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1998, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/uruguay | CC BY

In 2024, Greece's government spending was $123B, accounting for 48% of its GDP, while Uruguay spent $25.2B, or 31.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 154.8% in Greece and 68.7% in Uruguay, ranking 7/185 and 59/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Greece

Uruguay
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Greece Uruguay
2024 1.34% -3.22%
2023 -1.35% -3.13%
2022 -2.46% -2.52%
2021 -7.58% -2.61%
2020 -10.3% -4.64%
2019 -0.09% -2.71%
2018 0.78% -1.89%
2017 1.05% -2.51%
2016 0.28% -2.68%
2015 -3.03% -1.86%
2014 -4.29% -2.6%
2013 -4.06% -1.72%
2012 -6.94% -2.17%
2011 -10.5% -0.33%
2010 -11.4% -0.39%
2009 -15.4% -1.39%
2008 -10.3% -1.31%
2007 -6.81% -0.16%
2006 -6.04% -0.64%
2005 -6.33% -0.28%
2004 -9.05% -0.87%
2003 -8.05% -2.19%
2002 -6.2% -3.19%
2001 -5.64% -2.85%
2000 -4.21% -2.76%
1999 -6.02% -2.76%
1998 -6.48% -0.76%
1997 -6.25% -0.97%
1996 -8.35% -1.32%
1995 -9.87% -1.08%
1994 -8.48% -2.37%
1993 -11.5% -0.47%
1992 -10.6% 0.6%
1991 -9.63% 0.88%
1990 -13.3% 0.49%
1989 -11.9% -13.1%
1988 -9.63% -1.47%
1987 -8.09% -0.66%
1986 -8.62% -0.34%
1985 -9.56% -1.88%
1984 -7.19% -4.94%
1983 -6.17% -3.54%
1982 -5.49% -8.22%
1981 -7.08% -1.15%
1980 -2.5% 0.43%
1979 -2.34% 0.99%
1978 -5.39% -0.47%
1977 -5.21% -0.69%
1976 -5.05% -2.01%
1975 -5.3% -4.38%
1974 -4.39% -3.74%
1973 -3.71% -1.09%
1972 -4.16% -2.25%
1971 -3.32% -5.86%
1970 -3.24% -1.33%
1969 -6.65% -2.37%
1968 -3.39% -2.93%
1967 -2.59% -4.12%
1966 -2.17% -2.01%
1965 -2.55% -5.14%
1964 -2.89% -3.61%
1963 -2.25% -4.4%
1962 -2.4% -5.02%
1961 -2.69% -0.86%
1960 -3.3% 0.79%
1959 -2.77% 0.64%
1958 -2.27% -1.38%
1957 -2.45% -0.72%
1956 -0.39% 0.04%
1955 -3.57% -1.24%
1954 -2.87% -
1953 -3.01% -
1952 -7.21% -
1951 -11.5% -
1950 -12.7% -
1949 -10.4% -
1948 -7.65% -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 0.48% -
1938 1.78% -
1937 1.06% -
1936 0.95% -
1935 0.72% -
1934 0.88% -
1933 -2.79% -
1932 -1.78% -
1931 -4% -
1930 -2.23% -
1929 -18.7% -
1928 -0.27% -
1927 2.65% -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -8.96% -
1912 -7.43% -
1911 -4.61% -
1910 -1.53% -
1909 -2.64% -
1908 -1.54% -
1907 -1.23% -
1906 0.66% -
1905 0.91% -
1904 -0.04% -
1903 -0.22% -
1902 -1.67% -
1901 0.1% -
1900 0.41% -
1899 0.86% -
1898 -34.5% -
1897 -8.46% -
1896 0.82% -
1895 0.37% -
1894 2.91% -
1893 0.14% -
1892 -2.28% -
1891 -6.48% -
1890 -11.2% -
1889 -15.7% -
1888 -3.59% -
1887 -4.88% -
1886 -11.5% -
1885 -12.1% -
1884 -7.16% -
1883 -2.42% -
1882 -1.69% -
1881 -14.5% -
1880 -13.5% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1998, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/uruguay | CC BY

In 2024, Greece's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3.43B, equivalent to 1.34% of GDP. This compares to Uruguay's deficit of $2.6B, or 3.22% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Greece recorded a fiscal deficit in 61 of those years, while Uruguay ran a deficit in 59 years. On average, Greece posted an annual deficit equal to 5.79% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.21% of GDP for Uruguay.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Greece

Uruguay
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Greece Uruguay
2024 2.74% 4.85%
2023 3.46% 5.87%
2022 9.65% 9.1%
2021 1.22% 7.75%
2020 -1.25% 9.76%
2019 0.25% 7.88%
2018 0.63% 7.61%
2017 1.12% 6.22%
2016 -0.83% 9.64%
2015 -1.74% 8.67%
2014 -1.31% 8.88%
2013 -0.92% 8.58%
2012 1.5% 8.1%
2011 3.33% 8.09%
2010 4.71% 6.7%
2009 1.21% 7.06%
2008 4.15% 7.88%
2007 2.9% 8.11%
2006 3.2% 6.4%
2005 3.55% 4.7%
2004 2.9% 9.16%
2003 3.53% 19.4%
2002 3.63% 14%
2001 3.37% 4.36%
2000 3.15% 4.76%
1999 2.64% 5.66%
1998 4.77% 10.8%
1997 5.54% 19.8%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/uruguay | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Greece has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.4%, compared with 8.56% in Uruguay. In 2024, inflation was 2.74% in Greece and 4.85% in Uruguay.

Top exports between countries

Greece
Export category Export value
Transport & tourism services $57.8M
Raw materials & minerals $9.14M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.05M
Raw agricultural goods $1.28M
Textiles & consumer goods $845K
Machinery & equipment $708K
Chemicals & pharma $553K
Metals $189K
Business & finance services $114K
Wood & paper products $75K
Uruguay
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $418K
Metals $279K
Wood & paper products $246K
Raw agricultural goods $218K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $72K
Machinery & equipment $24K
Textiles & consumer goods $5K
Precious metals & jewellery $4K
Raw materials & minerals $1K

Balance of trade

Greece Uruguay
Current account balance
-$18.2B
2024
-$633M
2024
Current account balance ranking
182/190
2024
111/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-7.11%
2024
-0.78%
2024
Goods imports
$91.2B
2024
$13B
2024
Goods exports
$52.6B
2024
$16.3B
2024
Service imports
$31.1B
2024
$6.22B
2024
Service exports
$55.8B
2024
$7.1B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
47.7%
2024
23.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
42.1%
2024
28.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Greece Uruguay
Economic freedom 63.2 69.8
Economic freedom ranking 82/197 39/197
Property rights 78 87.4
Government integrity 54.8 79
Judicial effectiveness 68 80.9
Tax burden 59.9 73.3
Government spending 24.7 72
Fiscal health 78.9 76.6
Business freedom 77.8 83.8
Labor freedom 59.7 61.7
Monetary freedom 72.6 70.2
Trade freedom 79.4 73.2
Investment freedom 55 50
Financial freedom 50 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Greece
Uruguay
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Greece Uruguay
2026 63.2 69.8
2025 60.6 70.2
2024 55.1 69.8
2023 56.9 70.2
2022 61.5 70
2021 60.9 69.3
2020 59.9 69.1
2019 57.7 68.6
2018 57.3 69.2
2017 55 69.7
2016 53.2 68.8
2015 54 68.6
2014 55.7 69.3
2013 55.4 69.7
2012 55.4 69.9
2011 60.3 70
2010 62.7 69.8
2009 60.8 69.1
2008 60.6 67.9
2007 58.7 68.4
2006 60.1 65.3
2005 59 66.9
2004 59.1 66.7
2003 58.8 69.8
2002 59.1 68.7
2001 63.4 70.7
2000 61 69.3
1999 61 68.5
1998 60.6 68.6
1997 59.6 67.5
1996 60.5 63.7
1995 61.2 62.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/uruguay | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Greece is 63.2, ranking 82/197, compared to 69.8 for Uruguay, ranking 39/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Greece Uruguay
Services, % of GDP
68%
2024
65.3%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
15%
2024
16.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.77%
2024
6.42%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$236B
2024
$73.3B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$43,340
2024
$34,170
2024
Total reserves including gold
$15.2B
2024
$17.4B
2024
Total reserves ranking
67/177
2024
66/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$4.52B
2024
$2.58B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$6.74B
2024
-$3.94B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.22B
2024
-$1.37B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
18.8%
2021
17.3%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
18.3%
2024
15.6%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1998, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.