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Economy of Canada vs Uruguay compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Canada has a GDP of $2.32T compared to $85.3B for Uruguay, ranking 10/197 and 84/197 by economy size, respectively.

Canada has $2.63T in government debt (113.5% of GDP), compared to $56B (65.7% of GDP) in Uruguay.

Canada vs Uruguay GDP by year

Canada
Uruguay
1x
Year GDP, current $
Canada Uruguay
2025 $2,319,899,772,426 $85,347,696,278
2024 $2,270,076,189,683 $82,322,859,144
2023 $2,196,593,836,347 $79,208,725,900
2022 $2,200,562,785,046 $71,240,669,088
2021 $2,022,377,950,897 $60,739,061,281
2020 $1,655,686,966,882 $53,559,354,501
2019 $1,743,728,952,157 $62,222,324,965
2018 $1,725,330,736,238 $65,344,577,416
2017 $1,649,269,496,515 $65,006,039,810
2016 $1,527,996,250,641 $57,480,787,465
2015 $1,556,510,380,200 $57,680,327,999
2014 $1,805,751,688,809 $61,496,186,974
2013 $1,846,583,831,414 $61,337,621,934
2012 $1,828,359,477,072 $54,232,266,359
2011 $1,793,335,727,901 $50,342,406,067
2010 $1,617,349,192,091 $41,950,361,212
2009 $1,374,627,766,600 $32,708,319,078
2008 $1,552,993,439,550 $31,119,602,539
2007 $1,468,820,407,783 $23,797,773,024
2006 $1,319,291,255,289 $19,741,420,740
2005 $1,173,118,501,403 $17,362,857,684
2004 $1,026,691,006,918 $13,686,329,890
2003 $895,542,074,085 $12,045,638,352
2002 $760,650,608,552 $13,606,515,723
2001 $738,981,792,355 $20,898,761,742
2000 $744,773,415,932 $22,823,270,892
1999 $678,414,215,521 $23,983,945,191
1998 $633,999,325,918 $25,385,886,978
1997 $654,987,722,086 $23,969,739,234
1996 $630,607,994,133 $20,515,458,114
1995 $605,961,090,061 $19,297,663,097
1994 $579,944,346,807 $17,474,588,896
1993 $579,053,561,739 $15,002,136,971
1992 $594,387,358,319 $12,878,148,791
1991 $612,527,712,316 $11,206,176,651
1990 $596,075,591,361 $9,298,807,850
1989 $567,211,993,243 $8,438,951,476
1988 $509,380,027,627 $8,213,538,369
1987 $433,134,238,311 $7,367,494,080
1986 $379,006,836,992 $5,880,112,788
1985 $366,186,012,450 $4,732,017,873
1984 $356,718,400,124 $4,850,238,550
1983 $341,866,277,183 $5,102,276,308
1982 $314,647,807,409 $9,178,780,077
1981 $307,246,642,756 $11,048,301,421
1980 $274,776,566,028 $10,163,020,116
1979 $243,891,124,296 $7,181,182,224
1978 $219,369,542,386 $4,910,254,566
1977 $212,325,176,305 $4,114,670,014
1976 $207,271,612,576 $3,667,161,241
1975 $174,419,757,177 $3,538,278,047
1974 $160,949,188,139 $4,090,209,682
1973 $131,764,343,566 $3,964,296,443
1972 $113,463,848,874 $2,189,418,689
1971 $99,606,454,744 $2,807,258,065
1970 $88,192,257,632 $2,137,096,774
1969 $79,405,011,125 $2,004,435,484
1968 $72,048,833,006 $1,593,674,185
1967 $65,856,924,424 $1,597,713,469
1966 $61,252,415,405 $1,809,185,094
1965 $54,649,410,479 $1,890,767,156
1964 $49,503,663,836 $1,975,701,816
1963 $45,140,337,827 $1,539,681,491
1962 $42,336,211,556 $1,710,004,407
1961 $41,038,192,838 $1,547,388,781
1960 $40,563,768,947 $1,242,289,239

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/uruguay | CC BY

GDP per capita in Canada vs Uruguay by year

Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Uruguay
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Canada Uruguay
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $55,698 - $25,216 -
2024 $55,016 $64,610 $24,308 $36,418
2023 $54,848 $64,219 $23,379 $34,471
2022 $56,497 $63,944 $21,009 $33,001
2021 $52,887 $56,995 $17,882 $29,432
2020 $43,538 $48,591 $15,758 $25,725
2019 $46,353 $50,499 $18,316 $25,783
2018 $46,539 $49,983 $19,250 $24,386
2017 $45,130 $48,317 $19,185 $23,607
2016 $42,314 $46,471 $17,010 $22,841
2015 $43,594 $44,668 $17,126 $22,169
2014 $50,961 $45,758 $18,322 $21,868
2013 $52,638 $44,301 $18,335 $20,661
2012 $52,670 $42,292 $16,260 $19,495
2011 $52,224 $41,667 $15,132 $19,135
2010 $47,561 $40,103 $12,641 $17,873
2009 $40,875 $38,863 $9,881 $16,422
2008 $46,710 $40,376 $9,424 $15,694
2007 $44,660 $39,573 $7,222 $14,397
2006 $40,505 $38,123 $6,001 $13,179
2005 $36,384 $36,328 $5,284 $12,296
2004 $32,146 $33,929 $4,169 $11,103
2003 $28,302 $32,350 $3,671 $10,303
2002 $24,256 $30,964 $4,150 $10,030
2001 $23,822 $30,241 $6,383 $10,719
2000 $24,271 $29,348 $6,988 $10,929
1999 $22,315 $27,841 $7,371 $10,938
1998 $21,025 $26,324 $7,837 $11,002
1997 $21,902 $25,264 $7,436 $10,461
1996 $21,297 $24,055 $6,398 $9,524
1995 $20,680 $23,474 $6,050 $8,906
1994 $19,998 $22,624 $5,508 $8,897
1993 $20,187 $21,432 $4,753 $8,162
1992 $20,950 $20,619 $4,102 $7,808
1991 $21,847 $20,220 $3,589 $7,112
1990 $21,526 $20,226 $2,995 $6,683
1989 $20,795 - $2,734 -
1988 $19,013 - $2,677 -
1987 $16,378 - $2,416 -
1986 $14,521 - $1,939 -
1985 $14,170 - $1,568 -
1984 $13,930 - $1,615 -
1983 $13,477 - $1,707 -
1982 $12,527 - $3,085 -
1981 $12,379 - $3,728 -
1980 $11,208 - $3,443 -
1979 $10,078 - $2,443 -
1978 $9,154 - $1,678 -
1977 $8,949 - $1,414 -
1976 $8,839 - $1,268 -
1975 $7,537 - $1,232 -
1974 $7,057 - $1,433 -
1973 $5,858 - $1,397 -
1972 $5,107 - $776 -
1971 $4,535 - $1,000 -
1970 $4,136 - $766 -
1969 $3,776 - $723 -
1968 $3,473 - $579 -
1967 $3,226 - $585 -
1966 $3,055 - $668 -
1965 $2,777 - $705 -
1964 $2,562 - $745 -
1963 $2,380 - $587 -
1962 $2,274 - $659 -
1961 $2,246 - $604 -
1960 $2,265 - $491 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/uruguay | CC BY

Canada's GDP per capita is $55,698, ranking 23/197, compared to $25,216 in Uruguay, ranking 54/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Canada ranks 28th at $64,610, while Uruguay ranks 61st at $36,418.

Economic indicators

Canada Uruguay
Gross domestic product
$2.32T
2025
$85.3B
2025
GDP rank
10/197
2025
84/197
2025
GDP growth
1.74%
2024-2025
1.78%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$55,698
2025
$25,216
2025
GDP per capita rank
23/197
2025
54/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$64,610
2024
$36,418
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
28/197
2024
61/197
2024
Government debt
$2.63T
2025
$56B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
113.5%
2025
65.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$63,220
2025
$16,559
2025
Government debt per person rank
5/185
2025
41/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$36,531
2026
$14,046
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$4.62T
2025
$284M
1996
Number of millionaires
2,098,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
82
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.6%
2022
30%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2022
2.2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44%
2025
31.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.07%
2024-2025
4.65%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
5.75%
2026
Unemployment rate
6.82%
2025
8.21%
2024
Population
42199836
3382672

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Canada
Spending

Debt
Uruguay
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Canada Uruguay
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 44% 113.5% 31.5% 65.7%
2024 44.3% 110% 30.6% 67.6%
2023 41.8% 105.1% 30.1% 63%
2022 40.4% 103.5% 29.7% 59.4%
2021 45.5% 112.6% 30.2% 64.1%
2020 52.4% 118.1% 32.8% 68.2%
2019 40.6% 90.1% 30.6% 59.6%
2018 40.7% 90.8% 30.3% 57.9%
2017 40.5% 91% 29.7% 55.8%
2016 40.8% 92.5% 29.7% 56.4%
2015 40% 92.3% 28.4% 57.8%
2014 38.4% 85.8% 29.1% 51.1%
2013 40% 87.7% 28.8% 50%
2012 40.9% 87% 27.7% 49.8%
2011 41.6% 84.3% 26.3% 41.3%
2010 43.1% 84% 27.4% 40.9%
2009 43.4% 81.8% 27.2% 46.2%
2008 38.8% 70.4% 26.3% 46.2%
2007 38.5% 67.2% 26.8% 52.8%
2006 38.7% 69.9% 26.8% 61.1%
2005 38.5% 70.6% 26.3% 66.2%
2004 39.1% 71.9% 26.6% 73.7%
2003 40.3% 75.9% 27.7% 91.9%
2002 40.4% 79.6% 27.6% 90.1%
2001 41.1% 81.5% 27.8% 39.4%
2000 40.6% 80.4% 26.6% 30.5%
1999 41.8% 89% 27.2% 24.1%
1998 43.4% 93.3% 27.3% 19.4%
1997 43.5% 95.3% 27.6% 18.8%
1996 45.9% 100.2% 26.5% 18.3%
1995 47.7% 100.1% 26.2% 18.5%
1994 49% 97.5% 29.5% 19.3%
1993 51.5% 94.7% 27.7% 20%
1992 52.5% 88.2% 23.6% 22.2%
1991 51.4% 81.7% 22.2% 20.4%
1990 48.1% 73.7% 21.1% 26.2%
1989 45.8% 72.2% 37% -
1988 45.4% 71.1% 26% 34.8%
1987 46.1% 71.4% 24.4% 37.3%
1986 47.6% 71% 25.1% 34.6%
1985 48.3% 66.9% 24.6% 29%
1984 47.5% 61.7% 25.6% 39.5%
1983 47.9% 58.4% 26.5% 21.2%
1982 47.3% 52.7% 29.5% 13.5%
1981 42.5% 46.9% 25% 4.32%
1980 41.6% 45.6% 21.8% 4.59%
1979 40% 45.3% 20.2% 3.98%
1978 41.6% 48% 22.9% 5.64%
1977 41.4% 45.1% 23.5% 7.26%
1976 40.2% 43.6% 24.2% 8.67%
1975 41.1% 45.2% 23% 8.13%
1974 37.6% 45.8% 23.8% 7.61%
1973 36% 48% 22.6% 7%
1972 37.5% 53.5% 24.6% 9.12%
1971 37.3% 55.3% 20.1% 9.3%
1970 36% 54.3% 15.1% 6.11%
1969 33.9% 53% 14.6% -
1968 33.8% 55.9% 14.1% -
1967 32.9% 56.9% 14.7% -
1966 30.8% 56.6% 14.1% -
1965 29.8% 60.1% 15.6% -
1964 29.7% 63.7% 14.3% -
1963 30.3% 67% 14.6% -
1962 30.6% 67.2% 16% -
1961 30.6% 68.2% 13% -
1960 14.9% 66.1% 9.9% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/uruguay | CC BY

In 2025, Canada's government spending was $1.02T, accounting for 44% of its GDP, while Uruguay spent $26.9B, or 31.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 113.5% in Canada and 65.7% in Uruguay, ranking 14/185 and 66/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Canada

Uruguay
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Canada Uruguay
2025 -1.77% -3.36%
2024 -2.12% -3.16%
2023 -0.16% -3.09%
2022 0.62% -2.5%
2021 -3.06% -2.61%
2020 -10.9% -4.64%
2019 -0.02% -2.71%
2018 0.36% -1.89%
2017 -0.11% -2.51%
2016 -0.45% -2.68%
2015 -0.06% -1.86%
2014 0.17% -2.6%
2013 -1.49% -1.72%
2012 -2.52% -2.17%
2011 -3.31% -0.33%
2010 -4.74% -0.39%
2009 -3.88% -1.39%
2008 0.18% -1.31%
2007 1.82% -0.16%
2006 1.83% -0.64%
2005 1.55% -0.28%
2004 0.77% -0.87%
2003 -0.13% -2.19%
2002 -0.23% -3.19%
2001 0.53% -2.85%
2000 2.64% -2.76%
1999 1.66% -2.76%
1998 0.14% -0.76%
1997 0.04% -0.97%
1996 -3.05% -1.32%
1995 -5.49% -1.08%
1994 -6.94% -2.37%
1993 -8.93% -0.47%
1992 -9.2% 0.6%
1991 -8.36% 0.88%
1990 -5.91% 0.49%
1989 -4.6% -13.1%
1988 -4.33% -1.47%
1987 -5.42% -0.66%
1986 -7.14% -0.34%
1985 -8.59% -1.88%
1984 -7.78% -4.94%
1983 -8.17% -3.54%
1982 -7.03% -8.22%
1981 -2.83% -1.15%
1980 -4.07% 0.43%
1979 -3.41% 0.99%
1978 -4.77% -0.47%
1977 -4.1% -0.69%
1976 -2.78% -2.01%
1975 -3.54% -4.38%
1974 1.1% -3.74%
1973 0.6% -1.09%
1972 -0.97% -2.25%
1971 -1.02% -5.86%
1970 -0.36% -1.33%
1969 1.2% -2.37%
1968 -0.45% -2.93%
1967 -0.82% -4.12%
1966 -0.07% -2.01%
1965 -0.25% -5.14%
1964 -0.68% -3.61%
1963 -2.31% -4.4%
1962 -2.6% -5.02%
1961 -2.75% -0.86%
1960 -0.85% 0.79%
1959 -1.08% 0.64%
1958 -1.69% -1.38%
1957 -0.11% -0.72%
1956 0.77% 0.04%
1955 -0.11% -1.24%
1954 -0.57% -
1953 0.3% -
1952 0.09% -
1951 1.1% -
1950 1.09% -
1949 0.78% -
1948 3.84% -
1947 5.02% -
1946 3.14% -
1945 -17.9% -
1944 -21.6% -
1943 -23.1% -
1942 -20.8% -
1941 -4.79% -
1940 -5.62% -
1939 -2.11% -
1938 -0.97% -
1937 -0.34% -
1936 -1.68% -
1935 -3.72% -
1934 -2.93% -
1933 -3.83% -
1932 -5.79% -
1931 -2.43% -
1930 -1.47% -
1929 0.78% -
1928 1.12% -
1927 0.92% -
1926 0.81% -
1925 0.55% -
1924 0.007% -
1923 0.79% -
1922 -0.75% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -1.82% -
1919 -8.94% -
1918 -8.98% -
1917 -7.83% -
1916 -8.14% -
1915 -6.17% -
1914 -4.63% -
1913 -0.82% -
1912 1.03% -
1911 0.004% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 -0.67% -
1908 -2.78% -
1907 -0.83% -
1906 0.22% -
1905 -0.07% -
1904 -0.44% -
1903 0.07% -
1902 0.91% -
1901 -0.34% -
1900 -0.33% -
1899 0.1% -
1898 -0.3% -
1897 -0.35% -
1896 -0.48% -
1895 -0.85% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 -0.66% -
1892 -0.07% -
1891 3.23% -
1890 -0.04% -
1889 0% -
1888 -0.48% -
1887 -1.18% -
1886 -0.73% -
1885 -4.82% -
1884 -2.43% -
1883 -3.88% -
1882 -0.78% -
1881 0.32% -
1880 -0.62% -
1879 -2.11% -
1878 -0.63% -
1877 -1.63% -
1876 -2.06% -
1875 -1.88% -
1874 -1.57% -
1873 -1.74% -
1872 -3.93% -
1871 -1.09% -
1870 0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/uruguay | CC BY

In 2025, Canada's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $41B, equivalent to 1.77% of GDP. This compares to Uruguay's deficit of $2.86B, or 3.36% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Canada recorded a fiscal deficit in 50 of those years, while Uruguay ran a deficit in 60 years. On average, Canada posted an annual deficit equal to 2.41% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.23% of GDP for Uruguay.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Canada

Uruguay
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Canada Uruguay
2025 2.07% 4.65%
2024 2.38% 4.85%
2023 3.88% 5.87%
2022 6.8% 9.1%
2021 3.4% 7.75%
2020 0.72% 9.76%
2019 1.95% 7.88%
2018 2.27% 7.61%
2017 1.6% 6.22%
2016 1.43% 9.64%
2015 1.13% 8.67%
2014 1.91% 8.88%
2013 0.94% 8.58%
2012 1.52% 8.1%
2011 2.91% 8.09%
2010 1.78% 6.7%
2009 0.3% 7.06%
2008 2.37% 7.88%
2007 2.14% 8.11%
2006 2% 6.4%
2005 2.21% 4.7%
2004 1.86% 9.16%
2003 2.76% 19.4%
2002 2.26% 14%
2001 2.53% 4.36%
2000 2.72% 4.76%
1999 1.73% 5.66%
1998 1% 10.8%
1997 1.62% 19.8%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/uruguay | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Canada has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.14%, compared with 8.43% in Uruguay. In 2025, inflation was 2.07% in Canada and 4.65% in Uruguay.

Top exports between countries

Canada
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $57.4M
Raw materials & minerals $36.8M
Textiles & consumer goods $12.5M
Transport & tourism services $6M
Business & finance services $4.8M
IT & IP services $4M
Chemicals & pharma $3.76M
Raw agricultural goods $2.91M
Animal & marine products $822K
Wood & paper products $809K
Uruguay
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $62.3M
Wood & paper products $2.13M
Raw agricultural goods $1.95M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $390K
Chemicals & pharma $332K
Machinery & equipment $250K
Textiles & consumer goods $138K
Precious metals & jewellery $46K
Raw materials & minerals $27K
Metals $6K

Balance of trade

Canada Uruguay
Current account balance
-$22B
2025
-$374M
2025
Current account balance ranking
184/190
2025
100/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.95%
2025
-0.44%
2025
Goods imports
$577B
2025
$13.6B
2025
Goods exports
$555B
2025
$16.1B
2025
Service imports
$169B
2025
$5.96B
2025
Service exports
$172B
2025
$7.39B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.2%
2025
22.6%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
31.3%
2025
27.1%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Canada Uruguay
Economic freedom 75.6 69.8
Economic freedom ranking 17/197 39/197
Property rights 85.9 87.4
Government integrity 85.5 79
Judicial effectiveness 96 80.9
Tax burden 74.7 73.3
Government spending 45.9 72
Fiscal health 79.7 76.6
Business freedom 84.2 83.8
Labor freedom 68.3 61.7
Monetary freedom 73.8 70.2
Trade freedom 83.2 73.2
Investment freedom 60 50
Financial freedom 70 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Canada
Uruguay
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Canada Uruguay
2026 75.6 69.8
2025 75.5 70.2
2024 72.4 69.8
2023 73.7 70.2
2022 76.6 70
2021 77.9 69.3
2020 78.2 69.1
2019 77.7 68.6
2018 77.7 69.2
2017 78.5 69.7
2016 78 68.8
2015 79.1 68.6
2014 80.2 69.3
2013 79.4 69.7
2012 79.9 69.9
2011 80.8 70
2010 80.4 69.8
2009 80.5 69.1
2008 80.2 67.9
2007 78 68.4
2006 77.4 65.3
2005 75.8 66.9
2004 75.3 66.7
2003 74.8 69.8
2002 74.6 68.7
2001 71.2 70.7
2000 70.5 69.3
1999 69.3 68.5
1998 68.5 68.6
1997 67.9 67.5
1996 70.3 63.7
1995 69.4 62.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/uruguay | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Canada is 75.6, ranking 17/197, compared to 69.8 for Uruguay, ranking 39/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Canada Uruguay
Services, % of GDP
64.1%
2022
65.2%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
27.4%
2022
16.9%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.93%
2022
6.38%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$2.35T
2025
$81.3B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$66,820
2025
$36,330
2025
Total reserves including gold
$126B
2025
$19B
2025
Total reserves ranking
26/177
2025
67/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$11.9B
2025
-$457M
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$63.1B
2024
-$3.94B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.4B
2024
-$1.37B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2020
17.3%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2025
16.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/uruguay | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2019–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.