Skip to content

Economy of Dominican Republic vs India compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

The Dominican Republic has a GDP of $127B compared to $3.96T for India, ranking 65/197 and 6/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Dominican Republic has $75.2B in government debt (59% of GDP), compared to $3.33T (84.1% of GDP) in India.

Dominican Republic vs India GDP by year

Dominican Republic
India
1x
Year GDP, current $
Dominican Republic India
2025 $127,407,463,759 $3,956,067,115,772
2024 $124,282,245,639 $3,760,813,470,501
2023 $120,456,239,154 $3,500,906,030,645
2022 $113,478,103,598 $3,249,938,492,013
2021 $94,850,719,517 $3,167,270,623,260
2020 $78,546,672,407 $2,674,851,578,587
2019 $89,146,130,745 $2,835,606,256,558
2018 $84,994,732,049 $2,702,929,641,649
2017 $79,070,274,743 $2,651,474,262,755
2016 $75,552,902,636 $2,294,796,885,663
2015 $70,966,782,572 $2,103,588,360,045
2014 $67,014,329,100 $2,039,126,479,155
2013 $62,555,417,415 $1,856,721,507,622
2012 $60,561,635,556 $1,827,637,590,410
2011 $57,948,261,616 $1,823,051,829,895
2010 $53,801,053,353 $1,675,615,519,485
2009 $48,223,781,477 $1,341,888,016,995
2008 $48,091,433,554 $1,198,895,139,006
2007 $43,965,458,509 $1,216,736,438,835
2006 $37,879,830,084 $940,259,888,788
2005 $35,777,560,684 $820,383,763,511
2004 $22,322,387,382 $709,152,728,831
2003 $21,403,167,848 $607,700,687,237
2002 $27,137,440,786 $514,939,140,319
2001 $25,601,823,688 $485,440,139,204
2000 $24,305,780,629 $468,395,521,654
1999 $22,136,579,397 $458,821,052,616
1998 $21,672,215,547 $421,351,317,225
1997 $20,017,450,041 $415,867,563,593
1996 $18,241,622,548 $392,896,866,205
1995 $16,637,370,839 $360,281,909,643
1994 $14,644,734,599 $327,274,843,459
1993 $13,081,042,400 $279,295,648,983
1992 $11,605,382,504 $288,208,070,278
1991 $9,824,483,340 $270,105,341,879
1990 $7,073,675,545 $320,979,026,420
1989 $6,686,593,060 $296,042,052,945
1988 $5,374,299,981 $296,589,670,896
1987 $5,827,050,753 $279,033,584,092
1986 $6,122,128,558 $248,985,994,041
1985 $5,044,579,979 $232,511,554,840
1984 $11,594,000,000 $212,157,645,178
1983 $9,220,600,000 $218,262,146,413
1982 $8,267,400,000 $200,715,624,831
1981 $7,561,300,000 $193,491,368,446
1980 $6,761,300,000 $186,328,579,302
1979 $5,498,800,000 $152,995,442,498
1978 $4,734,400,000 $137,302,319,829
1977 $4,587,100,000 $121,486,641,441
1976 $3,951,500,000 $102,716,451,980
1975 $3,599,200,000 $98,473,832,017
1974 $2,925,700,000 $99,526,597,934
1973 $2,344,800,000 $85,517,673,173
1972 $1,987,400,000 $71,464,700,667
1971 $1,666,500,000 $67,351,404,352
1970 $1,485,500,000 $62,422,483,055
1969 $1,230,500,000 $58,447,995,017
1968 $1,079,100,000 $53,085,455,871
1967 $1,034,800,000 $50,134,942,204
1966 $983,900,000 $45,581,230,504
1965 $888,100,000 $59,556,105,229
1964 $1,025,599,900 $56,480,289,941
1963 $940,799,900 $48,421,923,459
1962 $824,100,000 $42,161,481,858
1961 $654,100,200 $39,232,435,784
1960 $672,399,700 $37,029,883,876

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/india | CC BY

GDP per capita in Dominican Republic vs India by year

Dominican Republic
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Dominican Republic India
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $11,059 - $2,702 -
2024 $10,876 $27,542 $2,592 $11,160
2023 $10,630 $25,840 $2,434 $10,323
2022 $10,104 $24,626 $2,280 $9,207
2021 $8,527 $22,053 $2,240 $8,050
2020 $7,135 $18,998 $1,907 $6,966
2019 $8,183 $19,767 $2,041 $7,151
2018 $7,883 $17,995 $1,966 $6,715
2017 $7,413 $16,846 $1,950 $6,145
2016 $7,160 $16,282 $1,708 $5,800
2015 $6,801 $14,804 $1,584 $5,425
2014 $6,496 $13,465 $1,554 $5,192
2013 $6,137 $12,414 $1,433 $5,014
2012 $6,014 $11,777 $1,429 $4,820
2011 $5,827 $11,695 $1,445 $4,455
2010 $5,479 $11,246 $1,348 $4,206
2009 $4,974 $10,382 $1,095 $3,887
2008 $5,024 $10,346 $993 $3,633
2007 $4,650 $9,951 $1,022 $3,508
2006 $4,055 $9,130 $802 $3,221
2005 $3,878 $8,215 $710 $2,937
2004 $2,452 $7,375 $624 $2,682
2003 $2,383 $7,098 $544 $2,461
2002 $3,066 $7,158 $469 $2,277
2001 $2,936 $6,848 $450 $2,200
2000 $2,831 $6,639 $443 $2,091
1999 $2,621 $6,305 $442 $2,006
1998 $2,608 $5,963 $414 $1,852
1997 $2,449 $5,618 $416 $1,759
1996 $2,271 $5,161 $401 $1,695
1995 $2,109 $4,871 $375 $1,579
1994 $1,892 $4,599 $348 $1,467
1993 $1,722 $4,474 $303 $1,374
1992 $1,558 $4,151 $319 $1,309
1991 $1,346 $3,722 $306 $1,239
1990 $989 $3,641 $371 $1,212
1989 $955 - $350 -
1988 $784 - $358 -
1987 $868 - $345 -
1986 $932 - $315 -
1985 $784 - $301 -
1984 $1,844 - $281 -
1983 $1,500 - $296 -
1982 $1,376 - $278.7 -
1981 $1,288 - $275 -
1980 $1,180 - $271.1 -
1979 $984 - $228 -
1978 $868 - $209.4 -
1977 $863 - $189.6 -
1976 $763 - $164.1 -
1975 $713 - $161.1 -
1974 $595 - $166.7 -
1973 $490 - $146.6 -
1972 $427 - $125.3 -
1971 $368 - $120.7 -
1970 $338 - $114.4 -
1969 $287.7 - $109.5 -
1968 $259.6 - $101.6 -
1967 $256.2 - $98 -
1966 $250.9 - $91 -
1965 $233.2 - $121.5 -
1964 $277.3 - $117.9 -
1963 $262.2 - $103.4 -
1962 $236.8 - $92.2 -
1961 $193.9 - $87.9 -
1960 $205.7 - $84.9 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/india | CC BY

The Dominican Republic's GDP per capita is $11,059, ranking 83/197, compared to $2,702 in India, ranking 149/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Dominican Republic ranks 76th at $27,542, while India ranks 130th at $11,160.

Economic indicators

Dominican Republic India
Gross domestic product
$127B
2025
$3.96T
2025
GDP rank
65/197
2025
6/197
2025
GDP growth
2.12%
2024-2025
7.57%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$11,059
2025
$2,702
2025
GDP per capita rank
83/197
2025
149/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$27,542
2024
$11,160
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
76/197
2024
130/197
2024
Government debt
$75.2B
2025
$3.33T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
59%
2025
84.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$6,525
2025
$2,272
2025
Government debt per person rank
73/185
2025
116/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$7,179
2026
$2,974
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$10.6T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
944,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
229
2026
Income share by richest 10%
29.5%
2024
22.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2024
4.5%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
19.3%
2025
28.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.87%
2024-2025
2.4%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
5.5%
2025
5.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.17%
2025
4.51%
2025
Population
11656588
1483314140

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Dominican Republic
Spending

Debt
India
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Dominican Republic India
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 19.3% 59% 28.5% 84.1%
2024 19.5% 58.8% 29.3% 84.8%
2023 19.1% 60.5% 29.7% 85%
2022 18.5% 59.6% 30% 84.6%
2021 18.4% 62.8% 30.7% 85.7%
2020 22.2% 71.8% 31.8% 90.6%
2019 17.8% 53.5% 27.4% 76.7%
2018 16.5% 50.8% 26.8% 71.7%
2017 17.3% 49.5% 26.6% 70.8%
2016 17% 46.7% 27.6% 69.8%
2015 16.7% 44.8% 27.3% 69.8%
2014 17% 45% 26.2% 67.6%
2013 18.5% 46.8% 26.5% 68%
2012 19.8% 42.4% 27.2% 68.1%
2011 16% 39.1% 27.3% 68.7%
2010 16.1% 37.4% 27.7% 67.7%
2009 16.2% 36.8% 28.1% 72.7%
2008 18.5% 33.6% 28.3% 74.3%
2007 16.3% 32.9% 26.1% 75.4%
2006 17% 36% 25.6% 77.9%
2005 15.5% 38.3% 26% 82.4%
2004 17.3% 34.3% 28.4% 84.9%
2003 17.2% 48.2% 29.9% 85.9%
2002 16.5% 21.5% 29.1% 84.3%
2001 14.9% 20.4% 28.3% 80.1%
2000 14.1% 16.7% 26.1% 74.9%
1999 13.4% 16% 25.8% 71.3%
1998 12.6% 13.2% 26% 69.3%
1997 13.2% 13.8% 25.2% 69%
1996 11.4% 23% 24.4% 67.1%
1995 11% 25.7% 25% 70.9%
1994 12.1% 28.5% 26.2% 74.8%
1993 13% 36.1% 26.2% 78.3%
1992 10.4% 38.5% 26.7% 78.8%
1991 8.65% 47.3% 26.8% 76.7%
1990 9.1% 84.7% 25.4% 50.8%
1989 11.3% 62.5% 25.7% 50.5%
1988 12.8% 77% 24.9% 48.9%
1987 11.2% 86.9% 22.5% 48.9%
1986 10.4% 63.8% 23.2% 47.9%
1985 9.8% 66.3% 21.6% 44.3%
1984 9.32% 28.9% 19.8% 41.6%
1983 10.2% 32.9% 17.8% 39.6%
1982 10.2% 33.1% 17.8% 41.7%
1981 12.1% 29.8% 16.6% 37.2%
1980 12.8% 15.2% 17.5% 38%
1979 13.8% 24% 15.6% 32.2%
1978 12.3% 20.9% 15% 30.8%
1977 11.4% 16.4% 13.9% 29.9%
1976 12.5% 15.6% 14.4% 31.3%
1975 13.7% 13.1% 12.7% 29.5%
1974 14.6% 14.6% 11.3% 29%
1973 13.7% 14.6% 12.9% 34.1%
1972 14.1% 16.4% 13.5% 37.2%
1971 13.8% 17.8% 12.4% 37.6%
1970 13.3% 18% 11.7% 38.1%
1969 15.5% 17.4% 11.5% 38.8%
1968 15.5% 18.1% 12.6% 40.3%
1967 15% 16.2% 13.8% 38.5%
1966 15.2% 14.5% 13.8% 36.2%
1965 12.8% - 13.7% 36.8%
1964 16.7% - 13.2% 33.8%
1963 15.1% - 12.3% 35.5%
1962 15.7% - 11.5% 36.2%
1961 20% - 11.8% 38.7%
1960 20.1% - 11.2% 36.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/india | CC BY

In 2025, the Dominican Republic's government spending was $24.6B, accounting for 19.3% of its GDP, while India spent $1.13T, or 28.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 59% in the Dominican Republic and 84.1% in India, ranking 80/185 and 38/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Dominican Republic

India
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Dominican Republic India
2025 -3.56% -7.44%
2024 -3.09% -7.85%
2023 -3.28% -8.37%
2022 -3.25% -9.23%
2021 -2.92% -9.7%
2020 -7.94% -13.2%
2019 -3.46% -7.86%
2018 -2.17% -6.46%
2017 -3.12% -6.33%
2016 -3.11% -7.21%
2015 -0.03% -7.28%
2014 -2.76% -6.9%
2013 -4.41% -6.78%
2012 -6.26% -7.32%
2011 -3.07% -8.03%
2010 -2.97% -8.53%
2009 -2.9% -9.26%
2008 -3.43% -8.15%
2007 0.28% -3.73%
2006 -1.69% -5.11%
2005 -0.71% -6.64%
2004 -3.6% -9.22%
2003 -4.24% -11.4%
2002 -2.28% -11.1%
2001 -0.73% -11%
2000 -0.86% -8.41%
1999 -0.79% -8.7%
1998 -0.29% -9.74%
1997 -0.64% -8.28%
1996 0.14% -6.71%
1995 0.82% -6.81%
1994 -0.39% -8%
1993 -0.16% -8.57%
1992 2.35% -7.89%
1991 0.11% -7.44%
1990 0.39% -7.63%
1989 -0.09% -7.68%
1988 -1.68% -7.01%
1987 -0.75% -9.53%
1986 -0.57% -10.6%
1985 -1.27% -9.58%
1984 -0.95% -8.54%
1983 -1.74% -7.28%
1982 -2.4% -6.78%
1981 -1.92% -6.07%
1980 -1.82% -7.27%
1979 -3.26% -4.87%
1978 -0.82% -4.45%
1977 0.15% -4.1%
1976 -0.22% -4.1%
1975 1.37% -3.11%
1974 -0.93% -2.3%
1973 -0.53% -3.53%
1972 -1.73% -3.14%
1971 -0.85% -2.9%
1970 -0.68% -2.35%
1969 -0.99% -2.66%
1968 -0.99% -3.98%
1967 -1.68% -4.97%
1966 -2.14% -4.18%
1965 -1.84% -4.49%
1964 -1.36% -4.41%
1963 -0.39% -4.16%
1962 -1.17% -3.3%
1961 -3% -4.1%
1960 -0.61% -4.05%
1959 -0.29% -5.29%
1958 -1.29% -5.08%
1957 0.21% -3.35%
1956 -0.05% -2.93%
1955 1.47% -2.77%
1954 1.43% -2.61%
1953 2.79% -1.83%
1952 0% 0.03%
1951 -2.58% -0.5%
1950 -3.66% -1.01%
1949 - -0.73%
1948 - -0.82%
1947 - -0.86%
1946 - -2.89%
1945 - -4.4%
1944 - -3.32%
1943 - -3.48%
1942 - -3.62%
1941 - -0.37%
1940 - -0.59%
1939 - -0.32%
1938 - -0.16%
1937 - -0.1%
1936 - -0.45%
1935 - -0.4%
1934 - -0.09%
1933 - 0%
1932 - 0.03%
1931 - -0.68%
1930 - -1.02%
1929 - -0.91%
1928 - -0.87%
1927 - -0.98%
1926 - -0.88%
1925 - -0.67%
1924 - -0.3%
1923 - -0.66%
1922 - -1.05%
1921 - -1.45%
1920 - -1.57%
1919 - -1.04%
1918 - -0.48%
1917 - -5.69%
1916 - 0.25%
1915 - -0.51%
1914 - -0.98%
1913 - -0.85%
1912 - -0.58%
1911 - -0.42%
1910 - -0.85%
1909 - -0.7%
1908 - -1.25%
1907 - -1.22%
1906 - -0.8%
1905 - -2%
1904 - -0.53%
1903 - -0.56%
1902 - -0.56%
1901 - -0.27%
1900 - -1.06%
1899 - -0.56%
1898 - -0.49%
1897 - -1.02%
1896 - -1%
1895 - -0.41%
1894 - -0.5%
1893 - -0.59%
1892 - -0.56%
1891 - -0.64%
1890 - -0.8%
1889 - -0.45%
1888 - -1.94%
1887 - -1.28%
1886 - -0.75%
1885 - -1.48%
1884 - -1.22%
1883 - -0.81%
1882 - -0.77%
1881 - -0.05%
1880 - -0.69%
1879 - -0.39%
1878 - -0.12%
1877 - -0.84%
1876 - -0.8%
1875 - -0.87%
1874 - -0.15%
1873 - -0.28%
1872 - 0.31%
1871 - 0.42%
1870 - 0.19%
1869 - 0.01%
1868 - -0.38%
1867 - -0.12%
1866 - -0.31%
1865 - 0.21%
1864 - -0.11%
1863 - -0.06%
1862 - 0.15%
1861 - -0.16%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/india | CC BY

In 2025, the Dominican Republic's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $4.53B, equivalent to 3.56% of GDP. This compares to India's deficit of $294B, or 7.44% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, the Dominican Republic recorded a fiscal deficit in 58 of those years, while India ran a deficit in 66 years. On average, the Dominican Republic posted an annual deficit equal to 1.65% of GDP, compared to deficit of 6.78% of GDP for India.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Dominican Republic

India
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Dominican Republic India
2025 3.87% 2.4%
2024 3.3% 4.95%
2023 4.79% 5.65%
2022 8.81% 6.7%
2021 8.24% 5.13%
2020 3.78% 6.62%
2019 1.81% 3.73%
2018 3.56% 3.94%
2017 3.28% 3.33%
2016 1.61% 4.95%
2015 0.84% 4.91%
2014 3% 6.67%
2013 4.83% 10%
2012 3.69% 9.48%
2011 5.8% 8.91%
2010 6.33% 12%
2009 1.44% 10.9%
2008 10.6% 8.35%
2007 6.14% 6.37%
2006 7.57% 5.8%
2005 4.19% 4.25%
2004 51.5% 3.77%
2003 27.4% 3.81%
2002 5.22% 4.3%
2001 8.88% 3.78%
2000 7.72% 4.01%
1999 6.47% 4.67%
1998 4.83% 13.2%
1997 8.3% 7.16%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/india | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, the Dominican Republic has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 7.51%, compared with 6.2% in India. In 2025, inflation was 3.87% in the Dominican Republic and 2.4% in India.

Top exports between countries

Dominican Republic
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $1.53B
Metals $33.7M
Machinery & equipment $22.5M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $14.9M
Wood & paper products $12M
Chemicals & pharma $1.35M
Raw agricultural goods $819K
Textiles & consumer goods $427K
Raw materials & minerals $30K
Miscellaneous $8K
India
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $121M
Machinery & equipment $114M
Textiles & consumer goods $68.1M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $37.1M
Animal & marine products $33.9M
Metals $10.5M
Raw materials & minerals $10.1M
Raw agricultural goods $8.98M
Precious metals & jewellery $2.53M
Wood & paper products $1.98M

Balance of trade

Dominican Republic India
Current account balance
-$1.49B
2025
-$16.5B
2025
Current account balance ranking
128/190
2025
182/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.17%
2025
-0.42%
2025
Goods imports
$29.8B
2025
$761B
2025
Goods exports
$16B
2025
$450B
2025
Service imports
$5.65B
2025
$203B
2025
Service exports
$14.4B
2025
$412B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
27.9%
2025
24%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
23.6%
2025
22.3%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Dominican Republic India
Economic freedom 63.8 52.5
Economic freedom ranking 77/197 146/197
Property rights 53.9 48.3
Government integrity 39.8 37.8
Judicial effectiveness 58 52.6
Tax burden 84.4 71.2
Government spending 89.1 75.7
Fiscal health 76.6 6.7
Business freedom 71.4 67.4
Labor freedom 53.2 59
Monetary freedom 72.1 70.9
Trade freedom 67.4 61
Investment freedom 60 40
Financial freedom 40 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Dominican Republic
India
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Dominican Republic India
2026 63.8 52.5
2025 64.3 53
2024 62.9 52.9
2023 62.6 52.9
2022 63 53.9
2021 62.1 56.5
2020 60.9 56.5
2019 61 55.2
2018 61.6 54.5
2017 62.9 52.6
2016 61 56.2
2015 61 54.6
2014 61.3 55.7
2013 59.7 55.2
2012 60.2 54.6
2011 60 54.6
2010 60.3 53.8
2009 59.2 54.4
2008 57.7 54.1
2007 56.8 53.9
2006 56.3 52.2
2005 55.1 54.2
2004 54.6 51.5
2003 57.8 51.2
2002 58.6 51.2
2001 59.1 49
2000 59 47.4
1999 58.1 50.2
1998 58.1 49.7
1997 53.5 49.7
1996 58.1 47.4
1995 55.8 45.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/india | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Dominican Republic is 63.8, ranking 77/197, compared to 52.5 for India, ranking 146/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Dominican Republic India
Services, % of GDP
60.1%
2025
49.3%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
28.4%
2025
25.2%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
4.6%
2025
16.2%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$122B
2025
$4.04T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$26,980
2025
$11,600
2025
Total reserves including gold
$14.8B
2025
$700B
2025
Total reserves ranking
71/177
2025
5/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$5.03B
2025
-$3.41B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$4.48B
2024
$27.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$47.3M
2024
$24.2B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.61%
2024
2.47%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
17.3%
2025
21.9%
2011
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.7%
2025
34.6%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/india | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.