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Economy of India vs Suriname compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

India has a GDP of $3.91T compared to $4.42B for Suriname, ranking 5/197 and 164/197 by economy size, respectively.

India has $3.19T in government debt (81.6% of GDP), compared to $3.86B (87.3% of GDP) in Suriname.

India vs Suriname GDP by year

India
Suriname
1x
Year GDP, current $
India Suriname
2024 $3,909,891,533,858 $4,416,775,112
2023 $3,638,489,096,034 $3,472,693,412
2022 $3,346,107,287,731 $3,791,603,200
2021 $3,167,270,623,260 $3,107,923,198
2020 $2,674,851,578,587 $2,911,807,496
2019 $2,835,606,256,558 $4,016,040,575
2018 $2,702,929,641,649 $3,996,198,867
2017 $2,651,474,262,755 $3,591,679,431
2016 $2,294,796,885,663 $3,317,421,648
2015 $2,103,588,360,045 $5,126,237,646
2014 $2,039,126,479,155 $5,240,606,061
2013 $1,856,721,507,622 $5,145,757,576
2012 $1,827,637,590,410 $4,980,000,000
2011 $1,823,051,829,895 $4,422,276,622
2010 $1,675,615,519,485 $4,368,370,998
2009 $1,341,888,016,995 $3,875,409,836
2008 $1,198,895,139,006 $3,532,969,035
2007 $1,216,736,438,835 $2,936,612,022
2006 $940,259,888,788 $2,626,380,435
2005 $820,383,763,511 $1,793,410,397
2004 $709,152,728,831 $1,484,092,538
2003 $607,700,687,237 $1,274,190,311
2002 $514,939,140,319 $1,093,574,468
2001 $485,440,139,204 $834,279,358
2000 $468,395,521,654 $947,671,970
1999 $458,821,052,616 $886,290,698
1998 $421,351,317,225 $1,110,850,000
1997 $415,867,563,593 $926,422,500
1996 $392,896,866,205 $861,372,806
1995 $360,281,909,643 $691,590,498
1994 $327,274,843,459 $605,492,537
1993 $279,295,648,983 $428,764,706
1992 $288,208,070,278 $404,600,000
1991 $270,105,341,879 $448,100,000
1990 $320,979,026,420 $388,400,000
1989 $296,042,052,945 $542,600,000
1988 $296,589,670,896 $1,161,000,000
1987 $279,033,584,092 $980,000,000
1986 $248,985,994,041 $891,000,000
1985 $232,511,554,840 $873,000,000
1984 $212,157,645,178 $864,000,000
1983 $218,262,146,413 $883,500,000
1982 $200,715,624,831 $915,000,000
1981 $193,491,368,446 $889,000,000
1980 $186,328,579,302 $795,000,000
1979 $152,995,442,498 $782,500,000
1978 $137,302,319,829 $735,500,000
1977 $121,486,641,441 $641,500,000
1976 $102,716,451,980 $505,500,000
1975 $98,473,832,017 $465,500,000
1974 $99,526,597,934 $409,850,000
1973 $85,517,673,173 $339,450,000
1972 $71,464,700,667 $311,950,000
1971 $67,351,404,352 $301,000,000
1970 $62,422,483,055 $274,900,000
1969 $58,447,995,017 $259,650,000
1968 $53,085,455,871 $241,350,000
1967 $50,134,942,204 $220,700,000
1966 $45,581,230,504 $190,350,000
1965 $59,556,105,229 $154,150,000
1964 $56,480,289,941 $134,400,000
1963 $48,421,923,459 $125,950,000
1962 $42,161,481,858 $116,150,000
1961 $39,232,435,784 $107,700,000
1960 $37,029,883,876 $99,650,000

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/suriname | CC BY

GDP per capita in India vs Suriname by year

India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Suriname
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
India Suriname
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $2,695 $11,160 $6,962 $21,801
2023 $2,530 $10,323 $5,522 $21,110
2022 $2,347 $9,207 $6,084 $20,079
2021 $2,240 $8,050 $5,030 $18,458
2020 $1,907 $6,966 $4,755 $16,947
2019 $2,041 $7,151 $6,630 $19,772
2018 $1,966 $6,715 $6,666 $17,855
2017 $1,950 $6,145 $6,050 $17,568
2016 $1,708 $5,800 $5,644 $14,475
2015 $1,584 $5,425 $8,814 $16,544
2014 $1,554 $5,192 $9,108 $16,598
2013 $1,433 $5,014 $9,043 $16,173
2012 $1,429 $4,820 $8,851 $15,185
2011 $1,445 $4,455 $7,950 $13,926
2010 $1,348 $4,206 $7,944 $13,039
2009 $1,095 $3,887 $7,130 $12,393
2008 $993 $3,633 $6,576 $12,097
2007 $1,022 $3,508 $5,530 $11,530
2006 $802 $3,221 $5,003 $10,803
2005 $710 $2,937 $3,453 $10,014
2004 $624 $2,682 $2,888 $9,389
2003 $544 $2,461 $2,516 $8,552
2002 $469 $2,277 $2,202 $8,046
2001 $450 $2,200 $1,715 $7,865
2000 $443 $2,091 $1,988 $7,535
1999 $442 $2,006 $1,898 $7,367
1998 $414 $1,852 $2,429 $7,521
1997 $416 $1,759 $2,068 $7,422
1996 $401 $1,695 $1,963 $7,048
1995 $375 $1,579 $1,610 $7,000
1994 $348 $1,467 $1,434 $6,973
1993 $303 $1,374 $1,022 $6,650
1992 $319 $1,309 $969 $6,992
1991 $306 $1,239 $1,080 $6,852
1990 $371 $1,212 $942 $6,493
1989 $350 - $1,329 -
1988 $358 - $2,886 -
1987 $345 - $2,469 -
1986 $315 - $2,271 -
1985 $301 - $2,256 -
1984 $281 - $2,261 -
1983 $296 - $2,333 -
1982 $278.7 - $2,430 -
1981 $275 - $2,368 -
1980 $271.1 - $2,118 -
1979 $228 - $2,072 -
1978 $209.4 - $1,928 -
1977 $189.6 - $1,666 -
1976 $164.1 - $1,302 -
1975 $161.1 - $1,190 -
1974 $166.7 - $1,041 -
1973 $146.6 - $858 -
1972 $125.3 - $785 -
1971 $120.7 - $768 -
1970 $114.4 - $724 -
1969 $109.5 - $708 -
1968 $101.6 - $681 -
1967 $98 - $644 -
1966 $91 - $575 -
1965 $121.5 - $482 -
1964 $117.9 - $435 -
1963 $103.4 - $424 -
1962 $92.2 - $409 -
1961 $87.9 - $395 -
1960 $84.9 - $378 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/suriname | CC BY

India's GDP per capita is $2,695, ranking 143/197, compared to $6,962 in Suriname, ranking 102/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), India ranks 130th at $11,160, while Suriname ranks 89th at $21,801.

Economic indicators

India Suriname
Gross domestic product
$3.91T
2024
$4.42B
2024
GDP rank
5/197
2024
164/197
2024
GDP growth
6.49%
2023-2024
1.72%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,695
2024
$6,962
2024
GDP per capita rank
143/197
2024
102/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$11,160
2024
$21,801
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
130/197
2024
89/197
2024
Government debt
$3.19T
2024
$3.86B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
81.6%
2024
87.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,200
2024
$6,077
2024
Government debt per person rank
118/185
2024
74/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,596
2026
$3,263
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$5.13T
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
917,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
205
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.1%
2022
30.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
4.5%
2022
2.2%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
28.4%
2024
29.2%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.95%
2023-2024
16.2%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
5.25%
2025
10%
2013
Unemployment rate
4.17%
2024
7.92%
2016
Population
1480351380
646767

Spending and national debt comparison by year

India
Spending

Debt
Suriname
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
India Suriname
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 28.4% 81.6% 29.2% 87.3%
2023 27.9% 80.7% 29% 98.2%
2022 29.1% 82.2% 29.5% 116.9%
2021 29.9% 83.5% 32% 115.8%
2020 31% 88.4% 30.2% 146.4%
2019 26.8% 75.1% 40.5% 84%
2018 26.3% 70.4% 29.5% 68.6%
2017 26.2% 69.7% 28.7% 73%
2016 27.2% 68.9% 27.9% 75.4%
2015 27.1% 69% 29.9% 41.2%
2014 26.2% 67.1% 25.2% 25.2%
2013 26.6% 67.7% 26.2% 27.9%
2012 27.4% 68% 25.1% 20.1%
2011 27.6% 68.7% 21% 18.7%
2010 28% 67.7% 21% 17.3%
2009 28.5% 72.7% 24% 14.6%
2008 29.3% 74.3% 20.5% 14.8%
2007 26.9% 75.4% 22.6% 16.4%
2006 26.9% 77.9% 22.2% 22.5%
2005 26.9% 82.4% 22.2% 27.1%
2004 28.4% 84.9% 20.8% 29.4%
2003 29.9% 85.9% 19.2% 31.5%
2002 29.1% 84.3% 22.2% 37.4%
2001 28.3% 80.1% 21.8% 37.2%
2000 26.1% 74.9% 24.4% 48.4%
1999 25.8% 71.3% 19.6% 32.3%
1998 26% 69.3% 30.3% 21.6%
1997 25.2% 69% 21.1% 16.8%
1996 24.4% 67.1% 21.4% 11.8%
1995 25% 70.9% 20.2% 16.3%
1994 26.2% 74.8% 19.8% 30.5%
1993 26.2% 78.3% 21.2% 51.1%
1992 26.7% 78.8% 24.4% 64.4%
1991 27.3% 76.7% 26.6% 75.7%
1990 25.8% 50.8% 22.7% 72.9%
1989 25.7% 50.5% - -
1988 24.9% 48.9% - -
1987 22.5% 48.9% - -
1986 23.2% 47.9% - -
1985 21.6% 44.3% - -
1984 19.8% 41.6% - -
1983 17.8% 39.6% - -
1982 17.8% 41.7% - -
1981 16.6% 37.2% - -
1980 17.5% 38% - -
1979 15.6% 32.2% - -
1978 15% 30.8% - -
1977 13.9% 29.9% - -
1976 14.4% 31.3% - -
1975 12.7% 29.5% - -
1974 11.3% 29% - -
1973 12.9% 34.1% - -
1972 13.5% 37.2% - -
1971 12.4% 37.6% - -
1970 11.7% 38.1% - -
1969 11.5% 38.8% - -
1968 12.6% 40.3% - -
1967 13.8% 38.5% - -
1966 13.8% 36.2% - -
1965 13.7% 36.8% - -
1964 13.2% 33.8% - -
1963 12.3% 35.5% - -
1962 11.5% 36.2% - -
1961 11.8% 38.7% - -
1960 11.2% 36.5% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/suriname | CC BY

In 2024, India's government spending was $1.11T, accounting for 28.4% of its GDP, while Suriname spent $1.29B, or 29.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 81.6% in India and 87.3% in Suriname, ranking 43/185 and 37/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
India

Suriname
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
India Suriname
2024 -7.9% -2.42%
2023 -7.4% -1.68%
2022 -8.97% -2.69%
2021 -9.45% -5.66%
2020 -12.9% -12%
2019 -7.69% -20.2%
2018 -6.34% -8.56%
2017 -6.23% -8.62%
2016 -7.12% -10.2%
2015 -7.21% -8.29%
2014 -7.07% -2.65%
2013 -7% -2.64%
2012 -7.55% -0.38%
2011 -8.35% 2.32%
2010 -8.79% -0.15%
2009 -9.7% 2.03%
2008 -9.17% 2.39%
2007 -4.59% 5.01%
2006 -6.38% 0.59%
2005 -7.49% -3.39%
2004 -9.22% -1.2%
2003 -11.4% -0.11%
2002 -11.1% -3.3%
2001 -11% 3.49%
2000 -8.41% -7.76%
1999 -8.7% -4.92%
1998 -9.74% -6.39%
1997 -8.28% -0.32%
1996 -6.71% 3.42%
1995 -6.81% 1.17%
1994 -8% -1.89%
1993 -8.57% -4.68%
1992 -7.89% -6.45%
1991 -7.9% -9.8%
1990 -8.07% -3.04%
1989 -7.68% -
1988 -7.01% -
1987 -9.53% -
1986 -10.6% -
1985 -9.58% -
1984 -8.54% -
1983 -7.28% -
1982 -6.78% -
1981 -6.07% -
1980 -7.27% -
1979 -4.87% -
1978 -4.45% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -4.1% -
1975 -3.11% -
1974 -2.3% -
1973 -3.53% -
1972 -3.14% -
1971 -2.9% -
1970 -2.35% -
1969 -2.66% -
1968 -3.98% -
1967 -4.97% -
1966 -4.18% -
1965 -4.49% -
1964 -4.41% -
1963 -4.16% -
1962 -3.3% -
1961 -4.1% -
1960 -4.05% -
1959 -5.29% -
1958 -5.08% -
1957 -3.35% -
1956 -2.93% -
1955 -2.77% -
1954 -2.61% -
1953 -1.83% -
1952 0.03% -
1951 -0.5% -
1950 -1.01% -
1949 -0.73% -
1948 -0.82% -
1947 -0.86% -
1946 -2.89% -
1945 -4.4% -
1944 -3.32% -
1943 -3.48% -
1942 -3.62% -
1941 -0.37% -
1940 -0.59% -
1939 -0.32% -
1938 -0.16% -
1937 -0.1% -
1936 -0.45% -
1935 -0.4% -
1934 -0.09% -
1933 0% -
1932 0.03% -
1931 -0.68% -
1930 -1.02% -
1929 -0.91% -
1928 -0.87% -
1927 -0.98% -
1926 -0.88% -
1925 -0.67% -
1924 -0.3% -
1923 -0.66% -
1922 -1.05% -
1921 -1.45% -
1920 -1.57% -
1919 -1.04% -
1918 -0.48% -
1917 -5.69% -
1916 0.25% -
1915 -0.51% -
1914 -0.98% -
1913 -0.85% -
1912 -0.58% -
1911 -0.42% -
1910 -0.85% -
1909 -0.7% -
1908 -1.25% -
1907 -1.22% -
1906 -0.8% -
1905 -2% -
1904 -0.53% -
1903 -0.56% -
1902 -0.56% -
1901 -0.27% -
1900 -1.06% -
1899 -0.56% -
1898 -0.49% -
1897 -1.02% -
1896 -1% -
1895 -0.41% -
1894 -0.5% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -0.56% -
1891 -0.64% -
1890 -0.8% -
1889 -0.45% -
1888 -1.94% -
1887 -1.28% -
1886 -0.75% -
1885 -1.48% -
1884 -1.22% -
1883 -0.81% -
1882 -0.77% -
1881 -0.05% -
1880 -0.69% -
1879 -0.39% -
1878 -0.12% -
1877 -0.84% -
1876 -0.8% -
1875 -0.87% -
1874 -0.15% -
1873 -0.28% -
1872 0.31% -
1871 0.42% -
1870 0.19% -
1869 0.01% -
1868 -0.38% -
1867 -0.12% -
1866 -0.31% -
1865 0.21% -
1864 -0.11% -
1863 -0.06% -
1862 0.15% -
1861 -0.16% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/suriname | CC BY

In 2024, India's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $309B, equivalent to 7.9% of GDP. This compares to Suriname's deficit of $107M, or 2.42% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, India recorded a fiscal deficit in 35 of those years, while Suriname ran a deficit in 27 years. On average, India posted an annual deficit equal to 8.26% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.4% of GDP for Suriname.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
India

Suriname
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
India Suriname
2024 4.95% 16.2%
2023 5.65% 51.6%
2022 6.7% 52.4%
2021 5.13% 59.1%
2020 6.62% 34.9%
2019 3.73% -
2018 3.94% -
2017 3.33% 22%
2016 4.95% 55.4%
2015 4.91% 6.89%
2014 6.67% 3.38%
2013 10% 1.92%
2012 9.48% 5.01%
2011 8.91% 17.7%
2010 12% 6.94%
2009 10.9% -0.13%
2008 8.35% 14.7%
2007 6.37% 6.43%
2006 5.8% 11.3%
2005 4.25% 9.9%
2004 3.77% 9.99%
2003 3.81% 23%
2002 4.3% 15.5%
2001 3.78% 38.6%
2000 4.01% 59.4%
1999 4.67% 98.8%
1998 13.2% 19%
1997 7.16% 7.15%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/suriname | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, India has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.33%, compared with 24.9% in Suriname. In 2024, inflation was 4.95% in India and 16.2% in Suriname.

Top exports between countries

India
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $7.4M
Chemicals & pharma $4.57M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.55M
Metals $3.17M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.7M
Raw agricultural goods $2.39M
Raw materials & minerals $950K
Animal & marine products $496K
Wood & paper products $165K
Precious metals & jewellery $71K
Suriname
Export category Export value
Wood & paper products $29.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.16M
Metals $769K
Animal & marine products $68K
Machinery & equipment $35K
Raw materials & minerals $16K
Chemicals & pharma $14K
Raw agricultural goods $11K
Miscellaneous $8K
Precious metals & jewellery $2K

Balance of trade

India Suriname
Current account balance
-$32.1B
2024
$9.31M
2024
Current account balance ranking
186/190
2024
76/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.82%
2024
+0.21%
2024
Goods imports
$727B
2024
$1.65B
2024
Goods exports
$447B
2024
$2.58B
2024
Service imports
$197B
2024
$921M
2024
Service exports
$375B
2024
$211M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
23.5%
2024
38.4%
2010
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
21.2%
2024
52.5%
2010

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

India Suriname
Economic freedom 52.5 53
Economic freedom ranking 146/197 143/197
Property rights 48.3 40.5
Government integrity 37.8 41
Judicial effectiveness 52.6 46.5
Tax burden 71.2 69.1
Government spending 75.7 74.3
Fiscal health 6.7 76.6
Business freedom 67.4 56.9
Labor freedom 59 69
Monetary freedom 70.9 56.4
Trade freedom 61 65.2
Investment freedom 40 20
Financial freedom 40 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

India
Suriname
1x
Year Economic freedom index
India Suriname
2026 52.5 53
2025 53 50.9
2024 52.9 46.7
2023 52.9 46.1
2022 53.9 48.1
2021 56.5 46.4
2020 56.5 49.5
2019 55.2 48.1
2018 54.5 48.1
2017 52.6 48
2016 56.2 53.8
2015 54.6 54.2
2014 55.7 54.2
2013 55.2 52
2012 54.6 52.6
2011 54.6 53.1
2010 53.8 52.5
2009 54.4 54.1
2008 54.1 54.3
2007 53.9 54.8
2006 52.2 55.1
2005 54.2 51.9
2004 51.5 47.9
2003 51.2 46.9
2002 51.2 48
2001 49 44.3
2000 47.4 45.8
1999 50.2 40.1
1998 49.7 39.9
1997 49.7 35.9
1996 47.4 36.7
1995 45.1 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/suriname | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for India is 52.5, ranking 146/197, compared to 53 for Suriname, ranking 143/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

India Suriname
Services, % of GDP
49.9%
2024
50.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
35.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
16.3%
2024
6.77%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$3.84T
2024
$3.61B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$11,000
2024
$20,000
2024
Total reserves including gold
$643B
2024
$1.63B
2024
Total reserves ranking
5/177
2024
132/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$2.89B
2024
$26.5M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$27.1B
2024
-$37.6M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$24.2B
2024
-$11.1M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.38%
2024
20.5%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
21.9%
2011
70%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
32.9%
2024
36.2%
2010

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/suriname | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.