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Economy of Dominican Republic vs Netherlands compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

The Dominican Republic has a GDP of $127B compared to $1.33T for the Netherlands, ranking 65/197 and 18/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Dominican Republic has $75.2B in government debt (59% of GDP), compared to $578B (43.3% of GDP) in the Netherlands.

Dominican Republic vs Netherlands GDP by year

Dominican Republic
Netherlands
1x
Year GDP, current $
Dominican Republic Netherlands
2025 $127,407,463,759 $1,332,767,651,100
2024 $124,282,245,639 $1,213,936,238,063
2023 $120,456,239,154 $1,135,475,867,551
2022 $113,478,103,598 $1,046,540,797,549
2021 $94,850,719,517 $1,054,472,123,450
2020 $78,546,672,407 $932,560,861,701
2019 $89,146,130,745 $928,903,005,576
2018 $84,994,732,049 $929,733,599,797
2017 $79,070,274,743 $848,233,537,846
2016 $75,552,902,636 $797,163,949,290
2015 $70,966,782,572 $775,743,675,303
2014 $67,014,329,100 $901,556,501,756
2013 $62,555,417,415 $883,951,539,007
2012 $60,561,635,556 $845,689,017,066
2011 $57,948,261,616 $913,140,741,333
2010 $53,801,053,353 $852,464,982,433
2009 $48,223,781,477 $878,954,223,140
2008 $48,091,433,554 $957,901,566,041
2007 $43,965,458,509 $853,499,460,873
2006 $37,879,830,084 $737,593,995,289
2005 $35,777,560,684 $688,133,699,636
2004 $22,322,387,382 $661,224,886,143
2003 $21,403,167,848 $582,435,617,082
2002 $27,137,440,786 $475,529,972,123
2001 $25,601,823,688 $432,536,219,669
2000 $24,305,780,629 $417,649,282,154
1999 $22,136,579,397 $447,778,514,140
1998 $21,672,215,547 $438,612,530,549
1997 $20,017,450,041 $417,506,211,882
1996 $18,241,622,548 $451,372,549,020
1995 $16,637,370,839 $452,967,334,614
1994 $14,644,734,599 $379,688,232,232
1993 $13,081,042,400 $354,070,495,966
1992 $11,605,382,504 $363,497,050,125
1991 $9,824,483,340 $327,982,316,124
1990 $7,073,675,545 $318,799,003,994
1989 $6,686,593,060 $258,716,904,292
1988 $5,374,299,981 $262,295,966,105
1987 $5,827,050,753 $245,406,949,521
1986 $6,122,128,558 $201,157,708,221
1985 $5,044,579,979 $144,057,523,222
1984 $11,594,000,000 $144,124,462,912
1983 $9,220,600,000 $153,671,294,109
1982 $8,267,400,000 $158,712,765,536
1981 $7,561,300,000 $164,375,775,854
1980 $6,761,300,000 $195,439,301,707
1979 $5,498,800,000 $179,933,827,310
1978 $4,734,400,000 $156,089,077,205
1977 $4,587,100,000 $127,203,923,857
1976 $3,951,500,000 $109,329,386,564
1975 $3,599,200,000 $100,397,061,694
1974 $2,925,700,000 $87,371,810,804
1973 $2,344,800,000 $71,946,639,603
1972 $1,987,400,000 $54,787,070,173
1971 $1,666,500,000 $44,644,730,576
1970 $1,485,500,000 $38,220,884,519
1969 $1,230,500,000 $34,086,038,090
1968 $1,079,100,000 $30,097,635,751
1967 $1,034,800,000 $27,143,828,099
1966 $983,900,000 $24,741,480,717
1965 $888,100,000 $22,721,869,808
1964 $1,025,599,900 $20,232,048,553
1963 $940,799,900 $17,193,744,109
1962 $824,100,000 $15,847,582,341
1961 $654,100,200 $14,599,836,396
1960 $672,399,700 $13,282,979,015

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/netherlands | CC BY

GDP per capita in Dominican Republic vs Netherlands by year

Dominican Republic
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Netherlands
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Dominican Republic Netherlands
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $11,059 - $73,684 -
2024 $10,876 $27,542 $67,465 $86,174
2023 $10,630 $25,840 $63,516 $81,729
2022 $10,104 $24,626 $59,123 $78,630
2021 $8,527 $22,053 $60,142 $68,574
2020 $7,135 $18,998 $53,468 $62,597
2019 $8,183 $19,767 $53,555 $62,345
2018 $7,883 $17,995 $53,955 $58,819
2017 $7,413 $16,846 $49,514 $56,038
2016 $7,160 $16,282 $46,809 $53,162
2015 $6,801 $14,804 $45,794 $50,957
2014 $6,496 $13,465 $53,457 $49,751
2013 $6,137 $12,414 $52,602 $49,622
2012 $6,014 $11,777 $50,474 $47,653
2011 $5,827 $11,695 $54,702 $47,004
2010 $5,479 $11,246 $51,306 $45,301
2009 $4,974 $10,382 $53,172 $44,959
2008 $5,024 $10,346 $58,247 $46,714
2007 $4,650 $9,951 $52,101 $44,203
2006 $4,055 $9,130 $45,124 $41,208
2005 $3,878 $8,215 $42,165 $37,778
2004 $2,452 $7,375 $40,611 $35,961
2003 $2,383 $7,098 $35,897 $34,286
2002 $3,066 $7,158 $29,447 $34,568
2001 $2,936 $6,848 $26,956 $33,259
2000 $2,831 $6,639 $26,225 $31,895
1999 $2,621 $6,305 $28,319 $29,316
1998 $2,608 $5,963 $27,924 $27,749
1997 $2,449 $5,618 $26,745 $26,062
1996 $2,271 $5,161 $29,064 $24,564
1995 $2,109 $4,871 $29,301 $23,480
1994 $1,892 $4,599 $24,683 $22,414
1993 $1,722 $4,474 $23,156 $21,443
1992 $1,558 $4,151 $23,939 $20,831
1991 $1,346 $3,722 $21,764 $20,177
1990 $989 $3,641 $21,322 $19,203
1989 $955 - $17,423 -
1988 $784 - $17,771 -
1987 $868 - $16,734 -
1986 $932 - $13,804 -
1985 $784 - $9,941 -
1984 $1,844 - $9,992 -
1983 $1,500 - $10,696 -
1982 $1,376 - $11,089 -
1981 $1,288 - $11,537 -
1980 $1,180 - $13,812 -
1979 $984 - $12,817 -
1978 $868 - $11,196 -
1977 $863 - $9,180 -
1976 $763 - $7,937 -
1975 $713 - $7,346 -
1974 $595 - $6,450 -
1973 $490 - $5,353 -
1972 $427 - $4,110 -
1971 $368 - $3,384 -
1970 $338 - $2,931 -
1969 $287.7 - $2,647 -
1968 $259.6 - $2,364 -
1967 $256.2 - $2,155 -
1966 $250.9 - $1,986 -
1965 $233.2 - $1,848 -
1964 $277.3 - $1,668 -
1963 $262.2 - $1,437 -
1962 $236.8 - $1,342 -
1961 $193.9 - $1,254 -
1960 $205.7 - $1,156 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/netherlands | CC BY

The Dominican Republic's GDP per capita is $11,059, ranking 83/197, compared to $73,684 in the Netherlands, ranking 12/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Dominican Republic ranks 76th at $27,542, while the Netherlands ranks 11th at $86,174.

Economic indicators

Dominican Republic Netherlands
Gross domestic product
$127B
2025
$1.33T
2025
GDP rank
65/197
2025
18/197
2025
GDP growth
2.12%
2024-2025
1.78%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$11,059
2025
$73,684
2025
GDP per capita rank
83/197
2025
12/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$27,542
2024
$86,174
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
76/197
2024
11/197
2024
Government debt
$75.2B
2025
$578B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
59%
2025
43.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$6,525
2025
$31,942
2025
Government debt per person rank
73/185
2025
23/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$7,179
2026
$46,674
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$1.1T
2017
Number of millionaires n/a
1,294,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
13
2026
Income share by richest 10%
29.5%
2024
21.4%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2024
3.6%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
19.3%
2025
45.1%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.87%
2024-2025
3.26%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
5.5%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
5.17%
2025
3.9%
2025
Population
11656588
18243998

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Dominican Republic
Spending

Debt
Netherlands
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Dominican Republic Netherlands
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 19.3% 59% 45.1% 43.3%
2024 19.5% 58.8% 44.4% 43.7%
2023 19.1% 60.5% 44% 45.8%
2022 18.5% 59.6% 43.3% 48.4%
2021 18.4% 62.8% 45.9% 50.5%
2020 22.2% 71.8% 47.8% 53.4%
2019 17.8% 53.5% 42.1% 47.7%
2018 16.5% 50.8% 42.4% 51.6%
2017 17.3% 49.5% 42.8% 56%
2016 17% 46.7% 43.9% 60.9%
2015 16.7% 44.8% 45.3% 63.8%
2014 17% 45% 46.7% 67.2%
2013 18.5% 46.8% 47.5% 67.2%
2012 19.8% 42.4% 47.6% 65.7%
2011 16% 39.1% 47.8% 61.2%
2010 16.1% 37.4% 48.9% 58.9%
2009 16.2% 36.8% 48.4% 56.3%
2008 18.5% 33.6% 44.3% 54.4%
2007 16.3% 32.9% 43.3% 42.7%
2006 17% 36% 44% 45%
2005 15.5% 38.3% 43.4% 49.6%
2004 17.3% 34.3% 44.7% 50.1%
2003 17.2% 48.2% 45.8% 49.8%
2002 16.5% 21.5% 44.8% 48.7%
2001 14.9% 20.4% 44.1% 49.4%
2000 14.1% 16.7% 43.2% 52.2%
1999 13.4% 16% 44.3% 58.6%
1998 12.6% 13.2% 44.6% 62.7%
1997 13.2% 13.8% 45.7% 65.7%
1996 11.4% 23% 47.3% 71.2%
1995 11% 25.7% 53.9% 73%
1994 12.1% 28.5% 49.4% 73.5%
1993 13% 36.1% 50.9% 76.7%
1992 10.4% 38.5% 50.2% 75.6%
1991 8.65% 47.3% 49.6% 74.8%
1990 9.1% 84.7% 48.8% 75%
1989 11.3% 62.5% 54.5% 73.7%
1988 12.8% 77% 56.4% 73.7%
1987 11.2% 86.9% 58.5% 71.3%
1986 10.4% 63.8% 57% 68.9%
1985 9.8% 66.3% 57.3% 67.1%
1984 9.32% 28.9% 58.1% 61.9%
1983 10.2% 32.9% 59.1% 58.4%
1982 10.2% 33.1% 59.1% 52.4%
1981 12.1% 29.8% 56.8% 46.9%
1980 12.8% 15.2% 55.2% 43.6%
1979 13.8% 24% 53.7% 39.5%
1978 12.3% 20.9% 52.3% 38.1%
1977 11.4% 16.4% 50.6% 34.9%
1976 12.5% 15.6% 50.8% 35.2%
1975 13.7% 13.1% 50.8% 36.1%
1974 14.6% 14.6% 46.4% 36.3%
1973 13.7% 14.6% 44.6% 38.1%
1972 14.1% 16.4% 44.9% 41.3%
1971 13.8% 17.8% 44.6% 43.7%
1970 13.3% 18% 43.2% 46.1%
1969 15.5% 17.4% 42.1% 48.2%
1968 15.5% 18.1% 25.4% 54.4%
1967 15% 16.2% 24.1% 55%
1966 15.2% 14.5% 24.4% 55.6%
1965 12.8% - 23.4% 55.8%
1964 16.7% - 22.3% 57.1%
1963 15.1% - 21.9% 61.7%
1962 15.7% - 22.1% 63.8%
1961 20% - 22.2% 65.9%
1960 20.1% - 20.4% 66.7%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/netherlands | CC BY

In 2025, the Dominican Republic's government spending was $24.6B, accounting for 19.3% of its GDP, while the Netherlands spent $602B, or 45.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 59% in the Dominican Republic and 43.3% in the Netherlands, ranking 80/185 and 121/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Dominican Republic

Netherlands
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Dominican Republic Netherlands
2025 -3.56% -1.84%
2024 -3.09% -0.94%
2023 -3.28% -0.37%
2022 -3.25% 0.002%
2021 -2.92% -2.26%
2020 -7.94% -3.72%
2019 -3.46% 1.91%
2018 -2.17% 1.49%
2017 -3.12% 1.35%
2016 -3.11% 0.23%
2015 -0.03% -1.84%
2014 -2.76% -2.17%
2013 -4.41% -2.87%
2012 -6.26% -3.83%
2011 -3.07% -4.42%
2010 -2.97% -5.3%
2009 -2.9% -5.06%
2008 -3.43% -0.06%
2007 0.28% -0.16%
2006 -1.69% 0.04%
2005 -0.71% -0.51%
2004 -3.6% -1.82%
2003 -4.24% -3.19%
2002 -2.28% -2.23%
2001 -0.73% -0.47%
2000 -0.86% 1.14%
1999 -0.79% 0.28%
1998 -0.29% -1.34%
1997 -0.64% -1.6%
1996 0.14% -1.91%
1995 0.82% -8.72%
1994 -0.39% -3.53%
1993 -0.16% -3.13%
1992 2.35% -3.12%
1991 0.11% -2.05%
1990 0.39% -4.08%
1989 -0.09% -5%
1988 -1.68% -4.23%
1987 -0.75% -5.39%
1986 -0.57% -4.62%
1985 -1.27% -3.6%
1984 -0.95% -5.25%
1983 -1.74% -5.47%
1982 -2.4% -6.17%
1981 -1.92% -4.92%
1980 -1.82% -3.95%
1979 -3.26% -2.46%
1978 -0.82% -2.09%
1977 0.15% -0.75%
1976 -0.22% -2.02%
1975 1.37% -2.82%
1974 -0.93% -0.26%
1973 -0.53% 0.54%
1972 -1.73% -0.7%
1971 -0.85% -1.58%
1970 -0.68% -1.52%
1969 -0.99% -1.14%
1968 -0.99% -3.06%
1967 -1.68% -1.97%
1966 -2.14% -2.37%
1965 -1.84% -1.15%
1964 -1.36% -1.2%
1963 -0.39% -0.54%
1962 -1.17% -1.38%
1961 -3% -0.38%
1960 -0.61% 0.9%
1959 -0.29% -0.74%
1958 -1.29% -0.89%
1957 0.21% 0.3%
1956 -0.05% -0.83%
1955 1.47% -0.25%
1954 1.43% 0.76%
1953 2.79% -2.95%
1952 0% 2.19%
1951 -2.58% 2.13%
1950 -3.66% 0.81%
1949 - 2.3%
1948 - -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -3.19%
1938 - -0.37%
1937 - 0.02%
1936 - -0.41%
1935 - -0.69%
1934 - -0.92%
1933 - -2.55%
1932 - -1.97%
1931 - -1.66%
1930 - -0.55%
1929 - -1.16%
1928 - -0.62%
1927 - -0.33%
1926 - -0.78%
1925 - -2.04%
1924 - -3.37%
1923 - -2.62%
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -0.45%
1912 - -0.47%
1911 - -0.13%
1910 - -0.93%
1909 - -0.34%
1908 - -0.57%
1907 - 0.03%
1906 - 0.16%
1905 - 0.1%
1904 - -0.72%
1903 - 0.09%
1902 - -0.14%
1901 - 0.03%
1900 - 0.06%
1899 - -0.13%
1898 - -0.48%
1897 - -0.45%
1896 - 0.08%
1895 - -0.06%
1894 - 0.12%
1893 - -0.76%
1892 - -1.72%
1891 - -0.06%
1890 - -0.06%
1889 - 0.04%
1888 - -0.31%
1887 - -0.37%
1886 - -0.08%
1885 - -0.55%
1884 - 0%
1883 - -2.1%
1882 - -1.11%
1881 - -1.06%
1880 - 0.21%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/netherlands | CC BY

In 2025, the Dominican Republic's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $4.53B, equivalent to 3.56% of GDP. This compares to the Netherlands' deficit of $24.5B, or 1.84% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, the Dominican Republic recorded a fiscal deficit in 58 of those years, while the Netherlands ran a deficit in 56 years. On average, the Dominican Republic posted an annual deficit equal to 1.65% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.13% of GDP for the Netherlands.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Dominican Republic

Netherlands
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Dominican Republic Netherlands
2025 3.87% 3.26%
2024 3.3% 3.35%
2023 4.79% 3.84%
2022 8.81% 10%
2021 8.24% 2.68%
2020 3.78% 1.27%
2019 1.81% 2.63%
2018 3.56% 1.7%
2017 3.28% 1.38%
2016 1.61% 0.32%
2015 0.84% 0.6%
2014 3% 0.98%
2013 4.83% 2.51%
2012 3.69% 2.46%
2011 5.8% 2.34%
2010 6.33% 1.28%
2009 1.44% 1.19%
2008 10.6% 2.49%
2007 6.14% 1.61%
2006 7.57% 1.1%
2005 4.19% 1.69%
2004 51.5% 1.26%
2003 27.4% 2.09%
2002 5.22% 3.29%
2001 8.88% 4.16%
2000 7.72% 2.36%
1999 6.47% 2.16%
1998 4.83% 1.96%
1997 8.3% 2.11%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/netherlands | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, the Dominican Republic has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 7.51%, compared with 2.35% in the Netherlands. In 2025, inflation was 3.87% in the Dominican Republic and 3.26% in the Netherlands.

Top exports between countries

Dominican Republic
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $166M
Raw agricultural goods $131M
Machinery & equipment $70.8M
Chemicals & pharma $57.2M
Raw materials & minerals $32.4M
Textiles & consumer goods $19.5M
Animal & marine products $1.87M
Metals $1.06M
Wood & paper products $690K
Miscellaneous $1K
Netherlands
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $79.5M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $38.3M
Animal & marine products $37.8M
Chemicals & pharma $32.7M
Raw agricultural goods $27.1M
Wood & paper products $7.34M
Raw materials & minerals $7.26M
Metals $6.95M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.59M
Miscellaneous $956K

Balance of trade

Dominican Republic Netherlands
Current account balance
-$1.49B
2025
$111B
2024
Current account balance ranking
128/190
2025
6/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.17%
2025
+9.14%
2024
Goods imports
$29.8B
2025
$606B
2024
Goods exports
$16B
2025
$693B
2024
Service imports
$5.65B
2025
$262B
2024
Service exports
$14.4B
2025
$308B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
27.9%
2025
69.5%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
23.6%
2025
80.7%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Dominican Republic Netherlands
Economic freedom 63.8 78.5
Economic freedom ranking 77/197 11/197
Property rights 53.9 96
Government integrity 39.8 86.8
Judicial effectiveness 58 96.1
Tax burden 84.4 54
Government spending 89.1 42.2
Fiscal health 76.6 95.9
Business freedom 71.4 85
Labor freedom 53.2 59.3
Monetary freedom 72.1 77
Trade freedom 67.4 79.4
Investment freedom 60 90
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Dominican Republic
Netherlands
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Dominican Republic Netherlands
2026 63.8 78.5
2025 64.3 78.2
2024 62.9 77.3
2023 62.6 78
2022 63 79.5
2021 62.1 76.8
2020 60.9 77
2019 61 76.8
2018 61.6 76.2
2017 62.9 75.8
2016 61 74.6
2015 61 73.7
2014 61.3 74.2
2013 59.7 73.5
2012 60.2 73.3
2011 60 74.7
2010 60.3 75
2009 59.2 77
2008 57.7 77.4
2007 56.8 75.5
2006 56.3 75.4
2005 55.1 72.9
2004 54.6 74.5
2003 57.8 74.6
2002 58.6 75.1
2001 59.1 73
2000 59 70.4
1999 58.1 70.2
1998 58.1 69.2
1997 53.5 70.4
1996 58.1 69.7
1995 55.8 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/netherlands | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Dominican Republic is 63.8, ranking 77/197, compared to 78.5 for the Netherlands, ranking 11/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Dominican Republic Netherlands
Services, % of GDP
60.1%
2025
70.4%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
28.4%
2025
17.7%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
4.6%
2025
1.68%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$122B
2025
$1.24T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$26,980
2025
$85,480
2025
Total reserves including gold
$14.8B
2025
$118B
2025
Total reserves ranking
71/177
2025
27/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$5.03B
2025
$11.1B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$4.48B
2024
-$17.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$47.3M
2024
-$5.93B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.61%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
17.3%
2025
14.5%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.7%
2025
19.8%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/netherlands | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.