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Economy of Bahamas vs India compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

The Bahamas has a GDP of $15.8B compared to $3.96T for India, ranking 145/197 and 6/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Bahamas has $11.7B in government debt (73.8% of GDP), compared to $3.33T (84.1% of GDP) in India.

Bahamas vs India GDP by year

Bahamas
India
1x
Year GDP, current $
Bahamas India
2025 - $3,956,067,115,772
2024 $15,832,800,000 $3,760,813,470,501
2023 $15,271,300,000 $3,500,906,030,645
2022 $13,896,800,000 $3,249,938,492,013
2021 $12,037,000,000 $3,167,270,623,260
2020 $10,363,200,000 $2,674,851,578,587
2019 $13,277,000,000 $2,835,606,256,558
2018 $12,819,200,000 $2,702,929,641,649
2017 $12,446,900,000 $2,651,474,262,755
2016 $11,880,900,000 $2,294,796,885,663
2015 $11,837,600,000 $2,103,588,360,045
2014 $11,139,100,000 $2,039,126,479,155
2013 $10,475,300,000 $1,856,721,507,622
2012 $10,720,400,000 $1,827,637,590,410
2011 $10,070,450,000 $1,823,051,829,895
2010 $10,095,760,000 $1,675,615,519,485
2009 $9,981,960,000 $1,341,888,016,995
2008 $10,526,000,000 $1,198,895,139,006
2007 $10,618,340,000 $1,216,736,438,835
2006 $10,167,250,000 $940,259,888,788
2005 $9,836,200,000 $820,383,763,511
2004 $9,055,290,000 $709,152,728,831
2003 $8,870,090,000 $607,700,687,237
2002 $8,881,160,000 $514,939,140,319
2001 $8,317,830,000 $485,440,139,204
2000 $8,076,470,000 $468,395,521,654
1999 $7,683,870,000 $458,821,052,616
1998 $6,833,220,000 $421,351,317,225
1997 $6,332,360,000 $415,867,563,593
1996 $3,609,000,000 $392,896,866,205
1995 $3,429,000,000 $360,281,909,643
1994 $3,259,000,000 $327,274,843,459
1993 $3,092,000,000 $279,295,648,983
1992 $3,109,000,000 $288,208,070,278
1991 $3,111,160,000 $270,105,341,879
1990 $3,166,000,000 $320,979,026,420
1989 $3,062,000,000 $296,042,052,945
1988 $2,817,900,000 $296,589,670,896
1987 $2,713,999,900 $279,033,584,092
1986 $2,472,500,000 $248,985,994,041
1985 $2,320,699,900 $232,511,554,840
1984 $2,041,100,000 $212,157,645,178
1983 $1,732,800,000 $218,262,146,413
1982 $1,578,300,000 $200,715,624,831
1981 $1,426,500,000 $193,491,368,446
1980 $1,335,300,000 $186,328,579,302
1979 $1,139,800,100 $152,995,442,498
1978 $832,400,000 $137,302,319,829
1977 $713,000,000 $121,486,641,441
1976 $642,100,000 $102,716,451,980
1975 $596,200,000 $98,473,832,017
1974 $632,400,000 $99,526,597,934
1973 $670,900,000 $85,517,673,173
1972 $590,900,000 $71,464,700,667
1971 $573,400,000 $67,351,404,352
1970 $539,500,000 $62,422,483,055
1969 $538,700,000 $58,447,995,017
1968 $453,800,000 $53,085,455,871
1967 $398,000,000 $50,134,942,204
1966 $346,800,000 $45,581,230,504
1965 $300,272,048 $59,556,105,229
1964 $266,560,043 $56,480,289,941
1963 $237,650,038 $48,421,923,459
1962 $212,170,034 $42,161,481,858
1961 $190,022,030 $39,232,435,784
1960 $169,736,027 $37,029,883,876

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/india | CC BY

GDP per capita in Bahamas vs India by year

Bahamas
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Bahamas India
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 - - $2,702 -
2024 $39,455 $41,198 $2,592 $11,160
2023 $38,232 $39,090 $2,434 $10,323
2022 $34,957 $36,791 $2,280 $9,207
2021 $30,368 $31,065 $2,240 $8,050
2020 $26,179 $27,205 $1,907 $6,966
2019 $33,640 $36,116 $2,041 $7,151
2018 $32,642 $35,228 $1,966 $6,715
2017 $31,875 $34,282 $1,950 $6,145
2016 $30,617 $32,285 $1,708 $5,800
2015 $30,719 $32,138 $1,584 $5,425
2014 $29,137 $31,726 $1,554 $5,192
2013 $27,643 $30,294 $1,433 $5,014
2012 $28,552 $31,036 $1,429 $4,820
2011 $27,091 $30,074 $1,445 $4,455
2010 $27,473 $29,625 $1,348 $4,206
2009 $27,513 $29,197 $1,095 $3,887
2008 $29,392 $30,679 $993 $3,633
2007 $30,052 $31,232 $1,022 $3,508
2006 $29,185 $30,402 $802 $3,221
2005 $28,602 $29,143 $710 $2,937
2004 $26,650 $27,660 $624 $2,682
2003 $26,429 $27,031 $544 $2,461
2002 $26,782 $27,171 $469 $2,277
2001 $25,372 $26,351 $450 $2,200
2000 $24,940 $25,422 $443 $2,091
1999 $24,041 $24,184 $442 $2,006
1998 $21,667 $22,556 $414 $1,852
1997 $20,368 $21,606 $416 $1,759
1996 $11,784 $21,287 $401 $1,695
1995 $11,375 $20,377 $375 $1,579
1994 $10,991 $19,441 $348 $1,467
1993 $10,613 $18,781 $303 $1,374
1992 $10,873 $18,636 $319 $1,309
1991 $11,082 $19,296 $306 $1,239
1990 $11,473 $19,817 $371 $1,212
1989 $11,291 - $350 -
1988 $10,576 - $358 -
1987 $10,361 - $345 -
1986 $9,601 - $315 -
1985 $9,167 - $301 -
1984 $8,202 - $281 -
1983 $7,081 - $296 -
1982 $6,559 - $278.7 -
1981 $6,029 - $275 -
1980 $5,743 - $271.1 -
1979 $4,994 - $228 -
1978 $3,720 - $209.4 -
1977 $3,253 - $189.6 -
1976 $2,993 - $164.1 -
1975 $2,841 - $161.1 -
1974 $3,080 - $166.7 -
1973 $3,341 - $146.6 -
1972 $3,014 - $125.3 -
1971 $3,004 - $120.7 -
1970 $2,916 - $114.4 -
1969 $3,027 - $109.5 -
1968 $2,668 - $101.6 -
1967 $2,453 - $98 -
1966 $2,239 - $91 -
1965 $2,030 - $121.5 -
1964 $1,883 - $117.9 -
1963 $1,759 - $103.4 -
1962 $1,651 - $92.2 -
1961 $1,555 - $87.9 -
1960 $1,459 - $84.9 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/india | CC BY

The Bahamas' GDP per capita is $39,455, ranking 30/197, compared to $2,702 in India, ranking 149/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Bahamas ranks 57th at $41,198, while India ranks 130th at $11,160.

Economic indicators

Bahamas India
Gross domestic product
$15.8B
2024
$3.96T
2025
GDP rank
145/197
2024
6/197
2025
GDP growth
3.38%
2023-2024
7.57%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$39,455
2024
$2,702
2025
GDP per capita rank
30/197
2024
149/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$41,198
2024
$11,160
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
57/197
2024
130/197
2024
Government debt
$11.7B
2024
$3.33T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
73.8%
2025
84.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$29,123
2024
$2,272
2025
Government debt per person rank
25/185
2024
116/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$36,621
2026
$2,974
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$10.6T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
944,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
229
2026
Income share by richest 10% n/a
22.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
4.5%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
21.5%
2025
28.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.41%
2023-2024
2.4%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4%
2016
5.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
10.3%
2023
4.51%
2025
Population
405486
1483314140

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Bahamas
Spending

Debt
India
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Bahamas India
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 21.5% 73.8% 28.5% 84.1%
2024 21% 73.8% 29.3% 84.8%
2023 23.2% 78.3% 29.7% 85%
2022 25.6% 84.7% 30% 84.6%
2021 28.9% 90.7% 30.7% 85.7%
2020 24.8% 71.9% 31.8% 90.6%
2019 20.3% 60.3% 27.4% 76.7%
2018 19.4% 61.5% 26.8% 71.7%
2017 23.1% 54.6% 26.6% 70.8%
2016 19.4% 51.1% 27.6% 69.8%
2015 18.4% 49.9% 27.3% 69.8%
2014 18.1% 47.7% 26.2% 67.6%
2013 18.1% 44.2% 26.5% 68%
2012 17% 37.6% 27.2% 68.1%
2011 17.1% 35.3% 27.3% 68.7%
2010 15.4% 33.9% 27.7% 67.7%
2009 15.2% 30.1% 28.1% 72.7%
2008 14.3% 25.3% 28.3% 74.3%
2007 13.6% 23.5% 26.1% 75.4%
2006 13.2% 23.2% 25.6% 77.9%
2005 12.9% 23% 26% 82.4%
2004 12.5% 21.6% 28.4% 84.9%
2003 11.8% 20.8% 29.9% 85.9%
2002 11.6% 19.4% 29.1% 84.3%
2001 11.4% 18.5% 28.3% 80.1%
2000 11.6% 19.2% 26.1% 74.9%
1999 9.3% 19.8% 25.8% 71.3%
1998 12% 20.8% 26% 69.3%
1997 12.9% 21.5% 25.2% 69%
1996 11.5% 20.7% 24.4% 67.1%
1995 11.5% 21% 25% 70.9%
1994 11.7% 20.9% 26.2% 74.8%
1993 11.5% 19.7% 26.2% 78.3%
1992 11.8% 17.9% 26.7% 78.8%
1991 11.9% 15.3% 26.8% 76.7%
1990 11.4% 13.2% 25.4% 50.8%
1989 - - 25.7% 50.5%
1988 - - 24.9% 48.9%
1987 - - 22.5% 48.9%
1986 - - 23.2% 47.9%
1985 - - 21.6% 44.3%
1984 - - 19.8% 41.6%
1983 - - 17.8% 39.6%
1982 - - 17.8% 41.7%
1981 - - 16.6% 37.2%
1980 - - 17.5% 38%
1979 - - 15.6% 32.2%
1978 - - 15% 30.8%
1977 - - 13.9% 29.9%
1976 - - 14.4% 31.3%
1975 - - 12.7% 29.5%
1974 - - 11.3% 29%
1973 - - 12.9% 34.1%
1972 - - 13.5% 37.2%
1971 - - 12.4% 37.6%
1970 - - 11.7% 38.1%
1969 - - 11.5% 38.8%
1968 - - 12.6% 40.3%
1967 - - 13.8% 38.5%
1966 - - 13.8% 36.2%
1965 - - 13.7% 36.8%
1964 - - 13.2% 33.8%
1963 - - 12.3% 35.5%
1962 - - 11.5% 36.2%
1961 - - 11.8% 38.7%
1960 - - 11.2% 36.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/india | CC BY

In 2025, the Bahamas' government spending was $3.32B, accounting for 21.5% of its GDP, while India spent $1.13T, or 28.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 73.8% in the Bahamas and 84.1% in India, ranking 52/185 and 38/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Bahamas

India
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Bahamas India
2025 -0.49% -7.44%
2024 -1.2% -7.85%
2023 -3.65% -8.37%
2022 -5.53% -9.23%
2021 -11.9% -9.7%
2020 -7.11% -13.2%
2019 -1.68% -7.86%
2018 -3.28% -6.46%
2017 -6.05% -6.33%
2016 -2.61% -7.21%
2015 -3.34% -7.28%
2014 -4.51% -6.9%
2013 -5.1% -6.78%
2012 -3.25% -7.32%
2011 -2.87% -8.03%
2010 -2.57% -8.53%
2009 -2.39% -9.26%
2008 -0.82% -8.15%
2007 -0.77% -3.73%
2006 -0.44% -5.11%
2005 -1.16% -6.64%
2004 -1.95% -9.22%
2003 -1.63% -11.4%
2002 -1.67% -11.1%
2001 0.3% -11%
2000 0.09% -8.41%
1999 1.78% -8.7%
1998 -0.43% -9.74%
1997 -1.6% -8.28%
1996 -0.15% -6.71%
1995 0.18% -6.81%
1994 -0.4% -8%
1993 -1.05% -8.57%
1992 -2.23% -7.89%
1991 -2.27% -7.44%
1990 -2.64% -7.63%
1989 - -7.68%
1988 - -7.01%
1987 - -9.53%
1986 - -10.6%
1985 - -9.58%
1984 - -8.54%
1983 - -7.28%
1982 - -6.78%
1981 - -6.07%
1980 - -7.27%
1979 - -4.87%
1978 - -4.45%
1977 - -4.1%
1976 - -4.1%
1975 - -3.11%
1974 - -2.3%
1973 - -3.53%
1972 - -3.14%
1971 - -2.9%
1970 - -2.35%
1969 - -2.66%
1968 - -3.98%
1967 - -4.97%
1966 - -4.18%
1965 - -4.49%
1964 - -4.41%
1963 - -4.16%
1962 - -3.3%
1961 - -4.1%
1960 - -4.05%
1959 - -5.29%
1958 - -5.08%
1957 - -3.35%
1956 - -2.93%
1955 - -2.77%
1954 - -2.61%
1953 - -1.83%
1952 - 0.03%
1951 - -0.5%
1950 - -1.01%
1949 - -0.73%
1948 - -0.82%
1947 - -0.86%
1946 - -2.89%
1945 - -4.4%
1944 - -3.32%
1943 - -3.48%
1942 - -3.62%
1941 - -0.37%
1940 - -0.59%
1939 - -0.32%
1938 - -0.16%
1937 - -0.1%
1936 - -0.45%
1935 - -0.4%
1934 - -0.09%
1933 - 0%
1932 - 0.03%
1931 - -0.68%
1930 - -1.02%
1929 - -0.91%
1928 - -0.87%
1927 - -0.98%
1926 - -0.88%
1925 - -0.67%
1924 - -0.3%
1923 - -0.66%
1922 - -1.05%
1921 - -1.45%
1920 - -1.57%
1919 - -1.04%
1918 - -0.48%
1917 - -5.69%
1916 - 0.25%
1915 - -0.51%
1914 - -0.98%
1913 - -0.85%
1912 - -0.58%
1911 - -0.42%
1910 - -0.85%
1909 - -0.7%
1908 - -1.25%
1907 - -1.22%
1906 - -0.8%
1905 - -2%
1904 - -0.53%
1903 - -0.56%
1902 - -0.56%
1901 - -0.27%
1900 - -1.06%
1899 - -0.56%
1898 - -0.49%
1897 - -1.02%
1896 - -1%
1895 - -0.41%
1894 - -0.5%
1893 - -0.59%
1892 - -0.56%
1891 - -0.64%
1890 - -0.8%
1889 - -0.45%
1888 - -1.94%
1887 - -1.28%
1886 - -0.75%
1885 - -1.48%
1884 - -1.22%
1883 - -0.81%
1882 - -0.77%
1881 - -0.05%
1880 - -0.69%
1879 - -0.39%
1878 - -0.12%
1877 - -0.84%
1876 - -0.8%
1875 - -0.87%
1874 - -0.15%
1873 - -0.28%
1872 - 0.31%
1871 - 0.42%
1870 - 0.19%
1869 - 0.01%
1868 - -0.38%
1867 - -0.12%
1866 - -0.31%
1865 - 0.21%
1864 - -0.11%
1863 - -0.06%
1862 - 0.15%
1861 - -0.16%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/india | CC BY

In 2024, the Bahamas' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $190M, equivalent to 1.2% of GDP. This compares to India's deficit of $295B, or 7.85% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, the Bahamas recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while India ran a deficit in 35 years. On average, the Bahamas posted an annual deficit equal to 2.4% of GDP, compared to deficit of 8.14% of GDP for India.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Bahamas

India
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Bahamas India
2025 - 2.4%
2024 0.41% 4.95%
2023 3.05% 5.65%
2022 5.61% 6.7%
2021 2.9% 5.13%
2020 0.04% 6.62%
2019 2.49% 3.73%
2018 2.27% 3.94%
2017 1.52% 3.33%
2016 -0.35% 4.95%
2015 1.86% 4.91%
2014 1.51% 6.67%
2013 0.72% 10%
2012 1.97% 9.48%
2011 3.2% 8.91%
2010 1.34% 12%
2009 2.06% 10.9%
2008 4.49% 8.35%
2007 2.49% 6.37%
2006 2.39% 5.8%
2005 1.59% 4.25%
2004 0.98% 3.77%
2003 3.03% 3.81%
2002 2.17% 4.3%
2001 2.04% 3.78%
2000 1.61% 4.01%
1999 1.25% 4.67%
1998 1.34% 13.2%
1997 0.54% 7.16%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/india | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, the Bahamas has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.95%, compared with 6.33% in India. In 2024, inflation was 0.41% in the Bahamas and 2.4% in India.

Top exports between countries

Bahamas
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $3.39M
Precious metals & jewellery $61K
Machinery & equipment $25K
Metals $15K
India
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $46.7M
Machinery & equipment $13.4M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.12M
Chemicals & pharma $2.02M
Animal & marine products $1.04M
Precious metals & jewellery $513K
Metals $280K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $138K
Wood & paper products $137K
Raw agricultural goods $68K

Balance of trade

Bahamas India
Current account balance
-$1.05B
2024
-$16.5B
2025
Current account balance ranking
120/190
2024
182/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-6.65%
2024
-0.42%
2025
Goods imports
$4.6B
2024
$761B
2025
Goods exports
$874M
2024
$450B
2025
Service imports
$2.47B
2024
$203B
2025
Service exports
$5.9B
2024
$412B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.5%
2024
24%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
37.8%
2024
22.3%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Bahamas India
Economic freedom 65.1 52.5
Economic freedom ranking 66/197 146/197
Property rights 62.7 48.3
Government integrity 67.1 37.8
Judicial effectiveness 79.8 52.6
Tax burden 96.1 71.2
Government spending 83.8 75.7
Fiscal health 9.1 6.7
Business freedom 69.4 67.4
Labor freedom 66.5 59
Monetary freedom 77.2 70.9
Trade freedom 59.4 61
Investment freedom 50 40
Financial freedom 60 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Bahamas
India
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Bahamas India
2026 65.1 52.5
2025 63.2 53
2024 62.5 52.9
2023 62.6 52.9
2022 68.7 53.9
2021 64.6 56.5
2020 64.5 56.5
2019 62.9 55.2
2018 63.3 54.5
2017 61.1 52.6
2016 70.9 56.2
2015 68.7 54.6
2014 69.8 55.7
2013 70.1 55.2
2012 68 54.6
2011 68 54.6
2010 67.3 53.8
2009 70.3 54.4
2008 71.1 54.1
2007 72 53.9
2006 72.3 52.2
2005 72.6 54.2
2004 72.1 51.5
2003 73.5 51.2
2002 74.4 51.2
2001 74.8 49
2000 73.9 47.4
1999 74.7 50.2
1998 74.5 49.7
1997 74.5 49.7
1996 74 47.4
1995 71.8 45.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/india | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Bahamas is 65.1, ranking 66/197, compared to 52.5 for India, ranking 146/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Bahamas India
Services, % of GDP
77.2%
2024
49.3%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
9.63%
2024
25.2%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.51%
2024
16.2%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$14.9B
2024
$4.04T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$39,610
2024
$11,600
2025
Total reserves including gold
$2.63B
2024
$700B
2025
Total reserves ranking
123/177
2024
5/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$77.6M
2024
-$3.41B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$241M
2024
$27.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$163M
2024
$24.2B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
2.47%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.3%
2020
21.9%
2011
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
26.8%
2024
34.6%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.