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Economy of Barbados vs India compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Barbados has a GDP of $8.02B compared to $3.96T for India, ranking 157/197 and 6/197 by economy size, respectively.

Barbados has $7.55B in government debt (94.2% of GDP), compared to $3.33T (84.1% of GDP) in India.

Barbados vs India GDP by year

Barbados
India
1x
Year GDP, current $
Barbados India
2025 $8,016,550,000 $3,956,067,115,772
2024 $7,597,571,450 $3,760,813,470,501
2023 $7,223,248,150 $3,500,906,030,645
2022 $6,886,644,900 $3,249,938,492,013
2021 $5,948,900,600 $3,167,270,623,260
2020 $5,403,246,950 $2,674,851,578,587
2019 $6,166,710,800 $2,835,606,256,558
2018 $6,001,101,550 $2,702,929,641,649
2017 $5,847,381,600 $2,651,474,262,755
2016 $5,679,029,450 $2,294,796,885,663
2015 $5,699,619,150 $2,103,588,360,045
2014 $5,684,901,000 $2,039,126,479,155
2013 $5,660,059,700 $1,856,721,507,622
2012 $5,486,500,500 $1,827,637,590,410
2011 $5,563,162,050 $1,823,051,829,895
2010 $5,428,683,250 $1,675,615,519,485
2009 $4,466,809,600 $1,341,888,016,995
2008 $4,790,410,400 $1,198,895,139,006
2007 $4,675,767,950 $1,216,736,438,835
2006 $4,217,323,400 $940,259,888,788
2005 $3,819,500,000 $820,383,763,511
2004 $3,444,500,000 $709,152,728,831
2003 $3,209,500,000 $607,700,687,237
2002 $3,106,500,000 $514,939,140,319
2001 $3,054,500,000 $485,440,139,204
2000 $3,059,500,000 $468,395,521,654
1999 $2,951,822,205 $458,821,052,616
1998 $2,817,083,478 $421,351,317,225
1997 $2,498,384,130 $415,867,563,593
1996 $2,363,645,403 $392,896,866,205
1995 $2,216,974,096 $360,281,909,643
1994 $2,151,344,901 $327,274,843,459
1993 $2,063,342,117 $279,295,648,983
1992 $1,957,000,000 $288,208,070,278
1991 $2,020,583,702 $270,105,341,879
1990 $2,012,131,457 $320,979,026,420
1989 $2,006,165,167 $296,042,052,945
1988 $1,812,757,918 $296,589,670,896
1987 $1,704,370,308 $279,033,584,092
1986 $1,547,755,183 $248,985,994,041
1985 $1,409,536,121 $232,511,554,840
1984 $1,346,890,071 $212,157,645,178
1983 $1,236,016,507 $218,262,146,413
1982 $1,163,923,830 $200,715,624,831
1981 $1,114,204,743 $193,491,368,446
1980 $1,012,280,615 $186,328,579,302
1979 $670,362,452 $152,995,442,498
1978 $552,883,707 $137,302,319,829
1977 $495,097,668 $121,486,641,441
1976 $435,911,269 $102,716,451,980
1975 $402,178,605 $98,473,832,017
1974 $311,804,630 $99,526,597,934
1973 $260,767,828 $85,517,673,173
1972 $213,725,217 $71,464,700,667
1971 $186,826,503 $67,351,404,352
1970 $166,210,203 $62,422,483,055
1969 $141,393,142 $58,447,995,017
1968 $125,733,669 $53,085,455,871
1967 $125,554,009 $50,134,942,204
1966 $113,195,123 $45,581,230,504
1965 $105,021,997 $59,556,105,229
1964 $99,252,731 $56,480,289,941
1963 $99,893,761 $48,421,923,459
1962 $88,782,583 $42,161,481,858
1961 $85,363,759 $39,232,435,784
1960 $80,021,847 $37,029,883,876

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/india | CC BY

GDP per capita in Barbados vs India by year

Barbados
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Barbados India
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $28,365 - $2,702 -
2024 $26,897 $24,823 $2,592 $11,160
2023 $25,584 $23,660 $2,434 $10,323
2022 $24,393 $22,193 $2,280 $9,207
2021 $21,084 $17,683 $2,240 $8,050
2020 $19,181 $16,555 $1,907 $6,966
2019 $21,929 $19,971 $2,041 $7,151
2018 $21,378 $19,777 $1,966 $6,715
2017 $20,871 $18,437 $1,950 $6,145
2016 $20,311 $19,176 $1,708 $5,800
2015 $20,429 $19,186 $1,584 $5,425
2014 $20,424 $18,595 $1,554 $5,192
2013 $20,384 $19,032 $1,433 $5,014
2012 $19,811 $19,605 $1,429 $4,820
2011 $20,146 $20,316 $1,445 $4,455
2010 $19,723 $20,033 $1,348 $4,206
2009 $16,295 $20,324 $1,095 $3,887
2008 $17,566 $21,376 $993 $3,633
2007 $17,235 $20,949 $1,022 $3,508
2006 $15,620 $20,076 $802 $3,221
2005 $14,214 $18,450 $710 $2,937
2004 $12,886 $17,299 $624 $2,682
2003 $12,076 $16,707 $544 $2,461
2002 $11,760 $16,133 $469 $2,277
2001 $11,640 $15,866 $450 $2,200
2000 $11,675 $15,914 $443 $2,091
1999 $11,244 $14,873 $442 $2,006
1998 $10,734 $14,621 $414 $1,852
1997 $9,522 $13,941 $416 $1,759
1996 $9,012 $13,090 $401 $1,695
1995 $8,460 $12,375 $375 $1,579
1994 $8,223 $11,900 $348 $1,467
1993 $7,905 $11,448 $303 $1,374
1992 $7,519 $11,127 $319 $1,309
1991 $7,790 $11,576 $306 $1,239
1990 $7,781 $11,687 $371 $1,212
1989 $7,773 - $350 -
1988 $7,033 - $358 -
1987 $6,625 - $345 -
1986 $6,031 - $315 -
1985 $5,510 - $301 -
1984 $5,284 - $281 -
1983 $4,866 - $296 -
1982 $4,599 - $278.7 -
1981 $4,417 - $275 -
1980 $4,025 - $271.1 -
1979 $2,668 - $228 -
1978 $2,198 - $209.4 -
1977 $1,968 - $189.6 -
1976 $1,734 - $164.1 -
1975 $1,601 - $161.1 -
1974 $1,243 - $166.7 -
1973 $1,042 - $146.6 -
1972 $856 - $125.3 -
1971 $750 - $120.7 -
1970 $666 - $114.4 -
1969 $567 - $109.5 -
1968 $506 - $101.6 -
1967 $508 - $98 -
1966 $462 - $91 -
1965 $433 - $121.5 -
1964 $414 - $117.9 -
1963 $421 - $103.4 -
1962 $377 - $92.2 -
1961 $366 - $87.9 -
1960 $347 - $84.9 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/india | CC BY

Barbados' GDP per capita is $28,365, ranking 48/197, compared to $2,702 in India, ranking 149/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Barbados ranks 84th at $24,823, while India ranks 130th at $11,160.

Economic indicators

Barbados India
Gross domestic product
$8.02B
2025
$3.96T
2025
GDP rank
157/197
2025
6/197
2025
GDP growth
2.7%
2024-2025
7.57%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$28,365
2025
$2,702
2025
GDP per capita rank
48/197
2025
149/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$24,823
2024
$11,160
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
84/197
2024
130/197
2024
Government debt
$7.55B
2025
$3.33T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
94.2%
2025
84.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$26,731
2025
$2,272
2025
Government debt per person rank
28/185
2025
116/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$19,127
2026
$2,974
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.78B
2020
$10.6T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
944,000
2026
Number of billionaires
1
2026
229
2026
Income share by richest 10%
25.8%
2016
22.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.5%
2016
4.5%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
27%
2025
28.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.85%
2024-2025
2.4%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
2%
2020
5.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.03%
2024
4.51%
2025
Population
282789
1483314140

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Barbados
Spending

Debt
India
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Barbados India
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 27% 94.2% 28.5% 84.1%
2024 28.1% 98.9% 29.3% 84.8%
2023 26.5% 104.1% 29.7% 85%
2022 26.9% 104% 30% 84.6%
2021 27.1% 108.6% 30.7% 85.7%
2020 30.6% 129.6% 31.8% 90.6%
2019 22.2% 101.6% 27.4% 76.7%
2018 25% 107.2% 26.8% 71.7%
2017 28% 134.6% 26.6% 70.8%
2016 28.6% 127.1% 27.6% 69.8%
2015 29.2% 122.5% 27.3% 69.8%
2014 27.4% 115.1% 26.2% 67.6%
2013 29.1% 111.7% 26.5% 68%
2012 28.9% 103.5% 27.2% 68.1%
2011 26.5% 94.4% 27.3% 68.7%
2010 28% 90.3% 27.7% 67.7%
2009 27.8% 83.5% 28.1% 72.7%
2008 27.1% 69.8% 28.3% 74.3%
2007 26.1% 64.9% 26.1% 75.4%
2006 25% 64.1% 25.6% 77.9%
2005 26.4% 62.7% 26% 82.4%
2004 26.2% 61% 28.4% 84.9%
2003 27.7% 61.8% 29.9% 85.9%
2002 29.1% 62% 29.1% 84.3%
2001 20.7% 59% 28.3% 80.1%
2000 19.7% 53.6% 26.1% 74.9%
1999 18.5% 47% 25.8% 71.3%
1998 17.8% 47.2% 26% 69.3%
1997 19.6% 52% 25.2% 69%
1996 19.1% 52.3% 24.4% 67.1%
1995 17.3% 52% 25% 70.9%
1994 15.9% 51.4% 26.2% 74.8%
1993 - - 26.2% 78.3%
1992 - - 26.7% 78.8%
1991 - - 26.8% 76.7%
1990 - - 25.4% 50.8%
1989 - - 25.7% 50.5%
1988 - - 24.9% 48.9%
1987 - - 22.5% 48.9%
1986 - - 23.2% 47.9%
1985 - - 21.6% 44.3%
1984 - - 19.8% 41.6%
1983 - - 17.8% 39.6%
1982 - - 17.8% 41.7%
1981 - - 16.6% 37.2%
1980 - - 17.5% 38%
1979 - - 15.6% 32.2%
1978 - - 15% 30.8%
1977 - - 13.9% 29.9%
1976 - - 14.4% 31.3%
1975 - - 12.7% 29.5%
1974 - - 11.3% 29%
1973 - - 12.9% 34.1%
1972 - - 13.5% 37.2%
1971 - - 12.4% 37.6%
1970 - - 11.7% 38.1%
1969 - - 11.5% 38.8%
1968 - - 12.6% 40.3%
1967 - - 13.8% 38.5%
1966 - - 13.8% 36.2%
1965 - - 13.7% 36.8%
1964 - - 13.2% 33.8%
1963 - - 12.3% 35.5%
1962 - - 11.5% 36.2%
1961 - - 11.8% 38.7%
1960 - - 11.2% 36.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/india | CC BY

In 2025, Barbados' government spending was $2.16B, accounting for 27% of its GDP, while India spent $1.13T, or 28.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 94.2% in Barbados and 84.1% in India, ranking 28/185 and 38/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Barbados

India
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Barbados India
2025 -0.31% -7.44%
2024 -0.84% -7.85%
2023 -1.57% -8.37%
2022 -1.74% -9.23%
2021 -3.88% -9.7%
2020 -4.19% -13.2%
2019 2.86% -7.86%
2018 -0.32% -6.46%
2017 -3.64% -6.33%
2016 -4.55% -7.21%
2015 -7.58% -7.28%
2014 -6.2% -6.9%
2013 -8.46% -6.78%
2012 -6.69% -7.32%
2011 -3.47% -8.03%
2010 -7.1% -8.53%
2009 -6.19% -9.26%
2008 -3.94% -8.15%
2007 -4.08% -3.73%
2006 -3.13% -5.11%
2005 -2.78% -6.64%
2004 -2.73% -9.22%
2003 -2.86% -11.4%
2002 -4.96% -11.1%
2001 3.83% -11%
2000 4.68% -8.41%
1999 5.06% -8.7%
1998 5.63% -9.74%
1997 5.15% -8.28%
1996 3.5% -6.71%
1995 5.79% -6.81%
1994 6.28% -8%
1993 - -8.57%
1992 - -7.89%
1991 - -7.44%
1990 - -7.63%
1989 - -7.68%
1988 - -7.01%
1987 - -9.53%
1986 - -10.6%
1985 - -9.58%
1984 - -8.54%
1983 - -7.28%
1982 - -6.78%
1981 - -6.07%
1980 - -7.27%
1979 - -4.87%
1978 - -4.45%
1977 - -4.1%
1976 - -4.1%
1975 - -3.11%
1974 - -2.3%
1973 - -3.53%
1972 - -3.14%
1971 - -2.9%
1970 - -2.35%
1969 - -2.66%
1968 - -3.98%
1967 - -4.97%
1966 - -4.18%
1965 - -4.49%
1964 - -4.41%
1963 - -4.16%
1962 - -3.3%
1961 - -4.1%
1960 - -4.05%
1959 - -5.29%
1958 - -5.08%
1957 - -3.35%
1956 - -2.93%
1955 - -2.77%
1954 - -2.61%
1953 - -1.83%
1952 - 0.03%
1951 - -0.5%
1950 - -1.01%
1949 - -0.73%
1948 - -0.82%
1947 - -0.86%
1946 - -2.89%
1945 - -4.4%
1944 - -3.32%
1943 - -3.48%
1942 - -3.62%
1941 - -0.37%
1940 - -0.59%
1939 - -0.32%
1938 - -0.16%
1937 - -0.1%
1936 - -0.45%
1935 - -0.4%
1934 - -0.09%
1933 - 0%
1932 - 0.03%
1931 - -0.68%
1930 - -1.02%
1929 - -0.91%
1928 - -0.87%
1927 - -0.98%
1926 - -0.88%
1925 - -0.67%
1924 - -0.3%
1923 - -0.66%
1922 - -1.05%
1921 - -1.45%
1920 - -1.57%
1919 - -1.04%
1918 - -0.48%
1917 - -5.69%
1916 - 0.25%
1915 - -0.51%
1914 - -0.98%
1913 - -0.85%
1912 - -0.58%
1911 - -0.42%
1910 - -0.85%
1909 - -0.7%
1908 - -1.25%
1907 - -1.22%
1906 - -0.8%
1905 - -2%
1904 - -0.53%
1903 - -0.56%
1902 - -0.56%
1901 - -0.27%
1900 - -1.06%
1899 - -0.56%
1898 - -0.49%
1897 - -1.02%
1896 - -1%
1895 - -0.41%
1894 - -0.5%
1893 - -0.59%
1892 - -0.56%
1891 - -0.64%
1890 - -0.8%
1889 - -0.45%
1888 - -1.94%
1887 - -1.28%
1886 - -0.75%
1885 - -1.48%
1884 - -1.22%
1883 - -0.81%
1882 - -0.77%
1881 - -0.05%
1880 - -0.69%
1879 - -0.39%
1878 - -0.12%
1877 - -0.84%
1876 - -0.8%
1875 - -0.87%
1874 - -0.15%
1873 - -0.28%
1872 - 0.31%
1871 - 0.42%
1870 - 0.19%
1869 - 0.01%
1868 - -0.38%
1867 - -0.12%
1866 - -0.31%
1865 - 0.21%
1864 - -0.11%
1863 - -0.06%
1862 - 0.15%
1861 - -0.16%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/india | CC BY

In 2025, Barbados' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $24.8M, equivalent to 0.31% of GDP. This compares to India's deficit of $294B, or 7.44% of GDP.

Over the past 32 years, Barbados recorded a fiscal deficit in 23 of those years, while India ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, Barbados posted an annual deficit equal to 1.51% of GDP, compared to deficit of 8.15% of GDP for India.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Barbados

India
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Barbados India
2025 0.85% 2.4%
2024 1.45% 4.95%
2023 3.19% 5.65%
2022 - 6.7%
2021 - 5.13%
2020 - 6.62%
2019 1.68% 3.73%
2018 3.11% 3.94%
2017 4.66% 3.33%
2016 1.28% 4.95%
2015 -1.11% 4.91%
2014 1.77% 6.67%
2013 1.81% 10%
2012 4.53% 9.48%
2011 9.43% 8.91%
2010 5.82% 12%
2009 3.64% 10.9%
2008 8.11% 8.35%
2007 4.03% 6.37%
2006 7.31% 5.8%
2005 6.08% 4.25%
2004 1.39% 3.77%
2003 1.62% 3.81%
2002 0.13% 4.3%
2001 2.58% 3.78%
2000 2.44% 4.01%
1999 1.56% 4.67%
1998 -1.27% 13.2%
1997 7.71% 7.16%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/india | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Barbados has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.22%, compared with 6.2% in India. In 2025, inflation was 0.85% in Barbados and 2.4% in India.

Top exports between countries

Barbados
Export category Export value
Metals $1.78M
Machinery & equipment $323K
Textiles & consumer goods $14K
Wood & paper products $8K
Miscellaneous $2K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K
India
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $16.9M
Chemicals & pharma $4.31M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.96M
Metals $1.69M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $372K
Raw agricultural goods $328K
Animal & marine products $285K
Raw materials & minerals $126K
Wood & paper products $33K
Miscellaneous $3K

Balance of trade

Barbados India
Current account balance
-$296M
2017
-$16.5B
2025
Current account balance ranking
96/190
2017
182/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-5.07%
2017
-0.42%
2025
Goods imports
$1.53B
2017
$761B
2025
Goods exports
$705M
2017
$450B
2025
Service imports
$687M
2017
$203B
2025
Service exports
$1.52B
2017
$412B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP n/a
24%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
14.5%
2026
22.3%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Barbados India
Economic freedom 70.4 52.5
Economic freedom ranking 34/197 146/197
Property rights 76.4 48.3
Government integrity 71.3 37.8
Judicial effectiveness 87.3 52.6
Tax burden 83.2 71.2
Government spending 74.5 75.7
Fiscal health 76.5 6.7
Business freedom 72.3 67.4
Labor freedom 54.3 59
Monetary freedom 80.8 70.9
Trade freedom 48.2 61
Investment freedom 60 40
Financial freedom 60 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Barbados
India
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Barbados India
2026 70.4 52.5
2025 68.9 53
2024 66.8 52.9
2023 69.8 52.9
2022 71.3 53.9
2021 65 56.5
2020 61.4 56.5
2019 64.7 55.2
2018 57 54.5
2017 54.5 52.6
2016 68.3 56.2
2015 67.9 54.6
2014 68.3 55.7
2013 69.3 55.2
2012 69 54.6
2011 68.5 54.6
2010 68.3 53.8
2009 71.5 54.4
2008 71.3 54.1
2007 70 53.9
2006 71.9 52.2
2005 70.1 54.2
2004 69.4 51.5
2003 71.3 51.2
2002 73.6 51.2
2001 71.5 49
2000 69.5 47.4
1999 66.7 50.2
1998 67.9 49.7
1997 64.5 49.7
1996 62.3 47.4
1995 - 45.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/india | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Barbados is 70.4, ranking 34/197, compared to 52.5 for India, ranking 146/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Barbados India
Services, % of GDP
75.8%
2024
49.3%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
12.2%
2024
25.2%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.55%
2024
16.2%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$7.65B
2025
$4.04T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$24,840
2025
$11,600
2025
Total reserves including gold
$1.65B
2024
$700B
2025
Total reserves ranking
131/177
2024
5/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$208M
2017
-$3.41B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$303M
2024
$27.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$18.6M
2024
$24.2B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
2.47%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
25.7%
2016
21.9%
2011
Gross capital formation, % of GDP n/a
34.6%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.