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Economy of India vs Jordan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

India has a GDP of $3.96T compared to $61.6B for Jordan, ranking 6/197 and 90/197 by economy size, respectively.

India has $3.33T in government debt (84.1% of GDP), compared to $51B (82.8% of GDP) in Jordan.

India vs Jordan GDP by year

India
Jordan
1x
Year GDP, current $
India Jordan
2025 $3,956,067,115,772 $61,610,052,535
2024 $3,760,813,470,501 $58,618,380,563
2023 $3,500,906,030,645 $56,123,472,113
2022 $3,249,938,492,013 $53,516,930,141
2021 $3,167,270,623,260 $50,702,940,986
2020 $2,674,851,578,587 $47,931,770,986
2019 $2,835,606,256,558 $48,640,273,803
2018 $2,702,929,641,649 $47,435,850,423
2017 $2,651,474,262,755 $45,535,614,366
2016 $2,294,796,885,663 $43,688,498,732
2015 $2,103,588,360,045 $42,394,049,296
2014 $2,039,126,479,155 $40,535,098,592
2013 $1,856,721,507,622 $37,873,362,958
2012 $1,827,637,590,410 $34,854,017,887
2011 $1,823,051,829,895 $32,640,291,549
2010 $1,675,615,519,485 $30,202,773,521
2009 $1,341,888,016,995 $27,462,496,197
2008 $1,198,895,139,006 $25,651,620,831
2007 $1,216,736,438,835 $17,110,437,236
2006 $940,259,888,788 $15,056,981,664
2005 $820,383,763,511 $12,588,998,590
2004 $709,152,728,831 $11,411,706,629
2003 $607,700,687,237 $10,195,627,645
2002 $514,939,140,319 $9,582,510,578
2001 $485,440,139,204 $8,975,814,653
2000 $468,395,521,654 $8,460,789,845
1999 $458,821,052,616 $8,149,929,478
1998 $421,351,317,225 $7,912,270,804
1997 $415,867,563,593 $7,245,839,210
1996 $392,896,866,205 $6,927,503,526
1995 $360,281,909,643 $6,727,597,032
1994 $327,274,843,459 $6,236,295,978
1993 $279,295,648,983 $5,606,400,222
1992 $288,208,070,278 $5,310,833,194
1991 $270,105,341,879 $4,344,467,193
1990 $320,979,026,420 $4,160,087,508
1989 $296,042,052,945 $4,221,373,674
1988 $296,589,670,896 $6,277,451,829
1987 $279,033,584,092 $6,756,209,762
1986 $248,985,994,041 $6,402,050,485
1985 $232,511,554,840 $4,993,601,520
1984 $212,157,645,178 $4,967,162,160
1983 $218,262,146,413 $4,920,692,191
1982 $200,715,624,831 $4,681,240,993
1981 $193,491,368,446 $4,383,944,703
1980 $186,328,579,302 $3,910,044,474
1979 $152,995,442,498 $3,271,368,781
1978 $137,302,319,829 $2,602,208,589
1977 $121,486,641,441 $2,096,778,602
1976 $102,716,451,980 $1,708,521,219
1975 $98,473,832,017 $1,363,073,498
1974 $99,526,597,934 $1,197,483,949
1973 $85,517,673,173 $943,783,840
1972 $71,464,700,667 $788,479,685
1971 $67,351,404,352 $678,159,729
1970 $62,422,483,055 $639,519,744
1969 $58,447,995,017 $698,879,720
1968 $53,085,455,871 $561,119,776
1967 $50,134,942,204 $631,679,747
1966 $45,581,230,504 $657,999,737
1965 $59,556,105,229 $599,759,760
1964 $56,480,289,941 -
1963 $48,421,923,459 -
1962 $42,161,481,858 -
1961 $39,232,435,784 -
1960 $37,029,883,876 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/jordan | CC BY

GDP per capita in India vs Jordan by year

India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Jordan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
India Jordan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $2,702 - $5,348 -
2024 $2,592 $11,160 $5,074 $10,821
2023 $2,434 $10,323 $4,906 $10,412
2022 $2,280 $9,207 $4,754 $9,927
2021 $2,240 $8,050 $4,582 $9,182
2020 $1,907 $6,966 $4,411 $9,579
2019 $2,041 $7,151 $4,558 $9,429
2018 $1,966 $6,715 $4,534 $9,042
2017 $1,950 $6,145 $4,449 $9,266
2016 $1,708 $5,800 $4,366 $8,748
2015 $1,584 $5,425 $4,442 $8,967
2014 $1,554 $5,192 $4,611 $9,145
2013 $1,433 $5,014 $4,739 $9,817
2012 $1,429 $4,820 $4,594 $9,739
2011 $1,445 $4,455 $4,363 $9,632
2010 $1,348 $4,206 $4,139 $9,417
2009 $1,095 $3,887 $3,845 $9,291
2008 $993 $3,633 $3,670 $8,983
2007 $1,022 $3,508 $2,506 $8,416
2006 $802 $3,221 $2,343 $8,046
2005 $710 $2,937 $2,088 $7,697
2004 $624 $2,682 $1,940 $7,074
2003 $544 $2,461 $1,776 $6,500
2002 $469 $2,277 $1,706 $6,256
2001 $450 $2,200 $1,632 $5,948
2000 $443 $2,091 $1,571 $5,641
1999 $442 $2,006 $1,545 $5,402
1998 $414 $1,852 $1,532 $5,264
1997 $416 $1,759 $1,436 $5,171
1996 $401 $1,695 $1,410 $5,055
1995 $375 $1,579 $1,416 $5,027
1994 $348 $1,467 $1,367 $4,830
1993 $303 $1,374 $1,289 $4,726
1992 $319 $1,309 $1,287 $4,654
1991 $306 $1,239 $1,110 $4,195
1990 $371 $1,212 $1,149 $4,317
1989 $350 - $1,260 -
1988 $358 - $1,966 -
1987 $345 - $2,217 -
1986 $315 - $2,200 -
1985 $301 - $1,797 -
1984 $281 - $1,871 -
1983 $296 - $1,939 -
1982 $278.7 - $1,929 -
1981 $275 - $1,885 -
1980 $271.1 - $1,750 -
1979 $228 - $1,519 -
1978 $209.4 - $1,249 -
1977 $189.6 - $1,039 -
1976 $164.1 - $873 -
1975 $161.1 - $718 -
1974 $166.7 - $651 -
1973 $146.6 - $531 -
1972 $125.3 - $460 -
1971 $120.7 - $412 -
1970 $114.4 - $409 -
1969 $109.5 - $474 -
1968 $101.6 - $409 -
1967 $98 - $497 -
1966 $91 - $558 -
1965 $121.5 - $546 -
1964 $117.9 - - -
1963 $103.4 - - -
1962 $92.2 - - -
1961 $87.9 - - -
1960 $84.9 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/jordan | CC BY

India's GDP per capita is $2,702, ranking 149/197, compared to $5,348 in Jordan, ranking 120/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), India ranks 130th at $11,160, while Jordan ranks 131st at $10,821.

Economic indicators

India Jordan
Gross domestic product
$3.96T
2025
$61.6B
2025
GDP rank
6/197
2025
90/197
2025
GDP growth
7.57%
2024-2025
2.83%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$2,702
2025
$5,348
2025
GDP per capita rank
149/197
2025
120/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$11,160
2024
$10,821
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
130/197
2024
131/197
2024
Government debt
$3.33T
2025
$51B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
84.1%
2025
82.8%
2025
Government debt per person
$2,272
2025
$4,430
2025
Government debt per person rank
116/185
2025
91/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,974
2026
$4,506
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$10.6T
2025
$37.4B
2025
Number of millionaires
944,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
229
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.1%
2022
27.4%
2010
Income share by poorest 10%
4.5%
2022
3.5%
2010
Government expenditure, % of GDP
28.5%
2025
33.7%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.4%
2024-2025
1.77%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
5.25%
2025
5.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
4.51%
2025
16.8%
2024
Population
1483314140
11538682

Spending and national debt comparison by year

India
Spending

Debt
Jordan
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
India Jordan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 28.5% 84.1% 33.7% 82.8%
2024 29.3% 84.8% 34.6% 82.1%
2023 29.7% 85% 33.9% 81%
2022 30% 84.6% 32.8% 80.7%
2021 30.7% 85.7% 33.8% 79.9%
2020 31.8% 90.6% 33% 77.9%
2019 27.4% 76.7% 32.7% 69.4%
2018 26.8% 71.7% 33.3% 67.9%
2017 26.6% 70.8% 31.7% 69.1%
2016 27.6% 69.8% 30% 70.7%
2015 27.3% 69.8% 32.3% 71.4%
2014 26.2% 67.6% 36.3% 68.2%
2013 26.5% 68% 34.5% 68.8%
2012 27.2% 68.1% 28.3% 64%
2011 27.3% 68.7% 29.3% 56.1%
2010 27.7% 67.7% 26.6% 53.4%
2009 28.1% 72.7% 30.7% 51.8%
2008 28.3% 74.3% 29.6% 47.9%
2007 26.1% 75.4% 32.4% 58.2%
2006 25.6% 77.9% 34% 60%
2005 26% 82.4% 36.6% 66.1%
2004 28.4% 84.9% 35.1% 73.8%
2003 29.9% 85.9% 35% 80.4%
2002 29.1% 84.3% 31.6% 85.9%
2001 28.3% 80.1% 30.6% 85.5%
2000 26.1% 74.9% 31.2% 89.9%
1999 25.8% 71.3% 31.8% 98.7%
1998 26% 69.3% 32.3% 96.3%
1997 25.2% 69% 30.7% 94.7%
1996 24.4% 67.1% 32.6% 101.2%
1995 25% 70.9% 32.1% 102.4%
1994 26.2% 74.8% 30.6% 112.1%
1993 26.2% 78.3% 32.5% 122.1%
1992 26.7% 78.8% 31.7% 134.7%
1991 26.8% 76.7% 39.6% 180.5%
1990 25.4% 50.8% 39.9% 197.7%
1989 25.7% 50.5% 42.5% 195.4%
1988 24.9% 48.9% 44.3% 129.3%
1987 22.5% 48.9% 42.1% 101.9%
1986 23.2% 47.9% 33.8% 84.3%
1985 21.6% 44.3% 42.4% 85.2%
1984 19.8% 41.6% - -
1983 17.8% 39.6% - -
1982 17.8% 41.7% - -
1981 16.6% 37.2% - -
1980 17.5% 38% - -
1979 15.6% 32.2% - -
1978 15% 30.8% - -
1977 13.9% 29.9% - -
1976 14.4% 31.3% - -
1975 12.7% 29.5% - -
1974 11.3% 29% - -
1973 12.9% 34.1% - -
1972 13.5% 37.2% - -
1971 12.4% 37.6% - -
1970 11.7% 38.1% - -
1969 11.5% 38.8% - -
1968 12.6% 40.3% - -
1967 13.8% 38.5% - -
1966 13.8% 36.2% - -
1965 13.7% 36.8% - -
1964 13.2% 33.8% - -
1963 12.3% 35.5% - -
1962 11.5% 36.2% - -
1961 11.8% 38.7% - -
1960 11.2% 36.5% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/jordan | CC BY

In 2025, India's government spending was $1.13T, accounting for 28.5% of its GDP, while Jordan spent $20.8B, or 33.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 84.1% in India and 82.8% in Jordan, ranking 38/185 and 39/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
India

Jordan
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
India Jordan
2025 -7.44% -6.35%
2024 -7.85% -7.27%
2023 -8.37% -6.49%
2022 -9.23% -4.9%
2021 -9.7% -6.62%
2020 -13.2% -7.56%
2019 -7.86% -5.06%
2018 -6.46% -4.23%
2017 -6.33% -3.22%
2016 -7.21% -2.62%
2015 -7.28% -5.18%
2014 -6.9% -6.75%
2013 -6.78% -8.78%
2012 -7.32% -3.33%
2011 -8.03% -1.21%
2010 -8.53% 0.19%
2009 -9.26% -2.28%
2008 -8.15% 1.92%
2007 -3.73% 2.76%
2006 -5.11% -1.86%
2005 -6.64% -2.2%
2004 -9.22% 0.56%
2003 -11.4% -1.6%
2002 -11.1% -3.21%
2001 -11% -1.13%
2000 -8.41% -1.85%
1999 -8.7% -1.13%
1998 -9.74% -5.59%
1997 -8.28% -2.68%
1996 -6.71% -2.69%
1995 -6.81% -1.45%
1994 -8% -1.67%
1993 -8.57% -1.43%
1992 -7.89% 2.07%
1991 -7.44% -8.1%
1990 -7.63% -6.82%
1989 -7.68% -6.89%
1988 -7.01% -13%
1987 -9.53% -13.4%
1986 -10.6% -2.39%
1985 -9.58% -6.9%
1984 -8.54% -
1983 -7.28% -
1982 -6.78% -
1981 -6.07% -
1980 -7.27% -
1979 -4.87% -
1978 -4.45% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -4.1% -
1975 -3.11% -
1974 -2.3% -
1973 -3.53% -
1972 -3.14% -
1971 -2.9% -
1970 -2.35% -
1969 -2.66% -
1968 -3.98% -
1967 -4.97% -
1966 -4.18% -
1965 -4.49% -
1964 -4.41% -
1963 -4.16% -
1962 -3.3% -
1961 -4.1% -
1960 -4.05% -
1959 -5.29% -
1958 -5.08% -
1957 -3.35% -
1956 -2.93% -
1955 -2.77% -
1954 -2.61% -
1953 -1.83% -
1952 0.03% -
1951 -0.5% -
1950 -1.01% -
1949 -0.73% -
1948 -0.82% -
1947 -0.86% -
1946 -2.89% -
1945 -4.4% -
1944 -3.32% -
1943 -3.48% -
1942 -3.62% -
1941 -0.37% -
1940 -0.59% -
1939 -0.32% -
1938 -0.16% -
1937 -0.1% -
1936 -0.45% -
1935 -0.4% -
1934 -0.09% -
1933 0% -
1932 0.03% -
1931 -0.68% -
1930 -1.02% -
1929 -0.91% -
1928 -0.87% -
1927 -0.98% -
1926 -0.88% -
1925 -0.67% -
1924 -0.3% -
1923 -0.66% -
1922 -1.05% -
1921 -1.45% -
1920 -1.57% -
1919 -1.04% -
1918 -0.48% -
1917 -5.69% -
1916 0.25% -
1915 -0.51% -
1914 -0.98% -
1913 -0.85% -
1912 -0.58% -
1911 -0.42% -
1910 -0.85% -
1909 -0.7% -
1908 -1.25% -
1907 -1.22% -
1906 -0.8% -
1905 -2% -
1904 -0.53% -
1903 -0.56% -
1902 -0.56% -
1901 -0.27% -
1900 -1.06% -
1899 -0.56% -
1898 -0.49% -
1897 -1.02% -
1896 -1% -
1895 -0.41% -
1894 -0.5% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -0.56% -
1891 -0.64% -
1890 -0.8% -
1889 -0.45% -
1888 -1.94% -
1887 -1.28% -
1886 -0.75% -
1885 -1.48% -
1884 -1.22% -
1883 -0.81% -
1882 -0.77% -
1881 -0.05% -
1880 -0.69% -
1879 -0.39% -
1878 -0.12% -
1877 -0.84% -
1876 -0.8% -
1875 -0.87% -
1874 -0.15% -
1873 -0.28% -
1872 0.31% -
1871 0.42% -
1870 0.19% -
1869 0.01% -
1868 -0.38% -
1867 -0.12% -
1866 -0.31% -
1865 0.21% -
1864 -0.11% -
1863 -0.06% -
1862 0.15% -
1861 -0.16% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/jordan | CC BY

In 2025, India's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $294B, equivalent to 7.44% of GDP. This compares to Jordan's deficit of $3.91B, or 6.35% of GDP.

Over the past 41 years, India recorded a fiscal deficit in 41 of those years, while Jordan ran a deficit in 36 years. On average, India posted an annual deficit equal to 8.21% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.91% of GDP for Jordan.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
India

Jordan
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
India Jordan
2025 2.4% 1.77%
2024 4.95% 1.56%
2023 5.65% 2.08%
2022 6.7% 4.23%
2021 5.13% 1.35%
2020 6.62% 0.33%
2019 3.73% 0.76%
2018 3.94% 4.46%
2017 3.33% 3.32%
2016 4.95% -0.78%
2015 4.91% -0.88%
2014 6.67% 2.9%
2013 10% 4.82%
2012 9.48% 4.52%
2011 8.91% 4.16%
2010 12% 4.85%
2009 10.9% -0.74%
2008 8.35% 14%
2007 6.37% 4.74%
2006 5.8% 6.25%
2005 4.25% 3.49%
2004 3.77% 3.36%
2003 3.81% 1.63%
2002 4.3% 1.83%
2001 3.78% 1.77%
2000 4.01% 0.67%
1999 4.67% 0.61%
1998 13.2% 3.09%
1997 7.16% 3.04%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/jordan | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, India has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.2%, compared with 2.87% in Jordan. In 2025, inflation was 2.4% in India and 1.77% in Jordan.

Top exports between countries

India
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $293M
Raw agricultural goods $195M
Chemicals & pharma $176M
Animal & marine products $108M
Machinery & equipment $105M
Textiles & consumer goods $70.1M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $32.7M
Metals $20M
Wood & paper products $12.3M
Miscellaneous $8.01M
Jordan
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $1.35B
Metals $27.5M
Wood & paper products $8.85M
Chemicals & pharma $8.1M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.87M
Machinery & equipment $1.89M
Raw agricultural goods $1.01M
Precious metals & jewellery $600K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $473K
Animal & marine products $190K

Balance of trade

India Jordan
Current account balance
-$16.5B
2025
-$3.13B
2024
Current account balance ranking
182/190
2025
152/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.42%
2025
-5.33%
2024
Goods imports
$761B
2025
$23.9B
2024
Goods exports
$450B
2025
$13.3B
2024
Service imports
$203B
2025
$6.5B
2024
Service exports
$412B
2025
$9.45B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
24%
2025
57.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.3%
2025
42.6%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

India Jordan
Economic freedom 52.5 59.3
Economic freedom ranking 146/197 104/197
Property rights 48.3 52.3
Government integrity 37.8 51
Judicial effectiveness 52.6 44
Tax burden 71.2 84.1
Government spending 75.7 67.2
Fiscal health 6.7 5.2
Business freedom 67.4 62.7
Labor freedom 59 51.3
Monetary freedom 70.9 81.2
Trade freedom 61 82
Investment freedom 40 70
Financial freedom 40 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

India
Jordan
1x
Year Economic freedom index
India Jordan
2026 52.5 59.3
2025 53 59.4
2024 52.9 58.3
2023 52.9 58.8
2022 53.9 60.1
2021 56.5 64.6
2020 56.5 66
2019 55.2 66.5
2018 54.5 64.9
2017 52.6 66.7
2016 56.2 68.3
2015 54.6 69.3
2014 55.7 69.2
2013 55.2 70.4
2012 54.6 69.9
2011 54.6 68.9
2010 53.8 66.1
2009 54.4 65.4
2008 54.1 64.1
2007 53.9 64.5
2006 52.2 63.7
2005 54.2 66.7
2004 51.5 66.1
2003 51.2 65.3
2002 51.2 66.2
2001 49 68.3
2000 47.4 67.5
1999 50.2 67.4
1998 49.7 66.8
1997 49.7 63.6
1996 47.4 60.8
1995 45.1 62.7

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/jordan | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for India is 52.5, ranking 146/197, compared to 59.3 for Jordan, ranking 104/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

India Jordan
Services, % of GDP
49.3%
2025
56.8%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
25.2%
2025
27.4%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
16.2%
2025
5.56%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$4.04T
2025
$60.6B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$11,600
2025
$12,440
2025
Total reserves including gold
$700B
2025
$26.6B
2025
Total reserves ranking
5/177
2025
61/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$3.41B
2025
-$1.58B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$27.1B
2024
$1.63B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$24.2B
2024
$54.1M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.47%
2024
7.85%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
21.9%
2011
14.2%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
34.6%
2025
23%
2021

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/jordan | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.