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Economy of India vs Jordan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

India has a GDP of $3.91T compared to $53.4B for Jordan, ranking 5/197 and 90/197 by economy size, respectively.

India has $3.19T in government debt (81.6% of GDP), compared to $48.1B (90.2% of GDP) in Jordan.

India vs Jordan GDP by year

India
Jordan
1x
Year GDP, current $
India Jordan
2024 $3,909,891,533,858 $53,352,289,577
2023 $3,638,489,096,034 $51,088,476,338
2022 $3,346,107,287,731 $48,764,963,380
2021 $3,167,270,623,260 $46,296,100,141
2020 $2,674,851,578,587 $43,700,383,099
2019 $2,835,606,256,558 $44,503,006,338
2018 $2,702,929,641,649 $43,370,860,704
2017 $2,651,474,262,755 $41,608,435,915
2016 $2,294,796,885,663 $39,892,551,127
2015 $2,103,588,360,045 $38,587,017,887
2014 $2,039,126,479,155 $36,847,643,521
2013 $1,856,721,507,622 $34,454,440,141
2012 $1,827,637,590,410 $31,634,561,690
2011 $1,823,051,829,895 $29,524,149,155
2010 $1,675,615,519,485 $27,133,804,225
2009 $1,341,888,016,995 $24,537,876,056
2008 $1,198,895,139,006 $22,658,715,989
2007 $1,216,736,438,835 $17,110,437,236
2006 $940,259,888,788 $15,056,981,664
2005 $820,383,763,511 $12,588,998,590
2004 $709,152,728,831 $11,411,706,629
2003 $607,700,687,237 $10,195,627,645
2002 $514,939,140,319 $9,582,510,578
2001 $485,440,139,204 $8,975,814,653
2000 $468,395,521,654 $8,460,789,845
1999 $458,821,052,616 $8,149,929,478
1998 $421,351,317,225 $7,912,270,804
1997 $415,867,563,593 $7,245,839,210
1996 $392,896,866,205 $6,927,503,526
1995 $360,281,909,643 $6,727,597,032
1994 $327,274,843,459 $6,236,295,978
1993 $279,295,648,983 $5,606,400,222
1992 $288,208,070,278 $5,310,833,194
1991 $270,105,341,879 $4,344,467,193
1990 $320,979,026,420 $4,160,087,508
1989 $296,042,052,945 $4,221,373,674
1988 $296,589,670,896 $6,277,451,829
1987 $279,033,584,092 $6,756,209,762
1986 $248,985,994,041 $6,402,050,485
1985 $232,511,554,840 $4,993,601,520
1984 $212,157,645,178 $4,967,162,160
1983 $218,262,146,413 $4,920,692,191
1982 $200,715,624,831 $4,681,240,993
1981 $193,491,368,446 $4,383,944,703
1980 $186,328,579,302 $3,910,044,474
1979 $152,995,442,498 $3,271,368,781
1978 $137,302,319,829 $2,602,208,589
1977 $121,486,641,441 $2,096,778,602
1976 $102,716,451,980 $1,708,521,219
1975 $98,473,832,017 $1,363,073,498
1974 $99,526,597,934 $1,197,483,949
1973 $85,517,673,173 $943,783,840
1972 $71,464,700,667 $788,479,685
1971 $67,351,404,352 $678,159,729
1970 $62,422,483,055 $639,519,744
1969 $58,447,995,017 $698,879,720
1968 $53,085,455,871 $561,119,776
1967 $50,134,942,204 $631,679,747
1966 $45,581,230,504 $657,999,737
1965 $59,556,105,229 $599,759,760
1964 $56,480,289,941 -
1963 $48,421,923,459 -
1962 $42,161,481,858 -
1961 $39,232,435,784 -
1960 $37,029,883,876 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/jordan | CC BY

GDP per capita in India vs Jordan by year

India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Jordan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
India Jordan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $2,695 $11,160 $4,618 $10,821
2023 $2,530 $10,323 $4,466 $10,412
2022 $2,347 $9,207 $4,332 $9,927
2021 $2,240 $8,050 $4,183 $9,182
2020 $1,907 $6,966 $4,022 $9,579
2019 $2,041 $7,151 $4,170 $9,429
2018 $1,966 $6,715 $4,145 $9,042
2017 $1,950 $6,145 $4,066 $9,266
2016 $1,708 $5,800 $3,987 $8,748
2015 $1,584 $5,425 $4,043 $8,967
2014 $1,554 $5,192 $4,191 $9,145
2013 $1,433 $5,014 $4,311 $9,817
2012 $1,429 $4,820 $4,170 $9,739
2011 $1,445 $4,455 $3,947 $9,632
2010 $1,348 $4,206 $3,718 $9,417
2009 $1,095 $3,887 $3,436 $9,291
2008 $993 $3,633 $3,242 $8,983
2007 $1,022 $3,508 $2,506 $8,416
2006 $802 $3,221 $2,343 $8,046
2005 $710 $2,937 $2,088 $7,697
2004 $624 $2,682 $1,940 $7,074
2003 $544 $2,461 $1,776 $6,500
2002 $469 $2,277 $1,706 $6,256
2001 $450 $2,200 $1,632 $5,948
2000 $443 $2,091 $1,571 $5,641
1999 $442 $2,006 $1,545 $5,402
1998 $414 $1,852 $1,532 $5,264
1997 $416 $1,759 $1,436 $5,171
1996 $401 $1,695 $1,410 $5,055
1995 $375 $1,579 $1,416 $5,027
1994 $348 $1,467 $1,367 $4,830
1993 $303 $1,374 $1,289 $4,726
1992 $319 $1,309 $1,287 $4,654
1991 $306 $1,239 $1,110 $4,195
1990 $371 $1,212 $1,149 $4,317
1989 $350 - $1,260 -
1988 $358 - $1,966 -
1987 $345 - $2,217 -
1986 $315 - $2,200 -
1985 $301 - $1,797 -
1984 $281 - $1,871 -
1983 $296 - $1,939 -
1982 $278.7 - $1,929 -
1981 $275 - $1,885 -
1980 $271.1 - $1,750 -
1979 $228 - $1,519 -
1978 $209.4 - $1,249 -
1977 $189.6 - $1,039 -
1976 $164.1 - $873 -
1975 $161.1 - $718 -
1974 $166.7 - $651 -
1973 $146.6 - $531 -
1972 $125.3 - $460 -
1971 $120.7 - $412 -
1970 $114.4 - $409 -
1969 $109.5 - $474 -
1968 $101.6 - $409 -
1967 $98 - $497 -
1966 $91 - $558 -
1965 $121.5 - $546 -
1964 $117.9 - - -
1963 $103.4 - - -
1962 $92.2 - - -
1961 $87.9 - - -
1960 $84.9 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/jordan | CC BY

India's GDP per capita is $2,695, ranking 143/197, compared to $4,618 in Jordan, ranking 123/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), India ranks 130th at $11,160, while Jordan ranks 131st at $10,821.

Economic indicators

India Jordan
Gross domestic product
$3.91T
2024
$53.4B
2024
GDP rank
5/197
2024
90/197
2024
GDP growth
6.49%
2023-2024
2.49%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,695
2024
$4,618
2024
GDP per capita rank
143/197
2024
123/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$11,160
2024
$10,821
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
130/197
2024
131/197
2024
Government debt
$3.19T
2024
$48.1B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
81.6%
2024
90.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,200
2024
$4,167
2024
Government debt per person rank
118/185
2024
91/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,596
2026
$4,787
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$5.13T
2024
$24.9B
2024
Number of millionaires
917,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
205
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.1%
2022
27.4%
2010
Income share by poorest 10%
4.5%
2022
3.5%
2010
Government expenditure, % of GDP
28.4%
2024
33%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.95%
2023-2024
1.56%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
5.25%
2025
5.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
4.17%
2024
16.6%
2023
Population
1480351380
11555022

Spending and national debt comparison by year

India
Spending

Debt
Jordan
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
India Jordan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 28.4% 81.6% 33% 90.2%
2023 27.9% 80.7% 32.9% 89%
2022 29.1% 82.2% 33.3% 88.6%
2021 29.9% 83.5% 34.1% 87.6%
2020 31% 88.4% 33.7% 104.5%
2019 26.8% 75.1% 32.4% 92.9%
2018 26.3% 70.4% 32% 87.4%
2017 26.2% 69.7% 29.6% 86.1%
2016 27.2% 68.9% 29.8% 85%
2015 27.1% 69% 31.7% 83.4%
2014 26.2% 67.1% 39.2% 78.6%
2013 26.6% 67.7% 36.4% 78.1%
2012 27.4% 68% 32.2% 73.8%
2011 27.6% 68.7% 27.4% 63.9%
2010 28% 67.7% 29.8% 59.5%
2009 28.5% 72.7% 35.9% 55.5%
2008 29.3% 74.3% 35.8% 53.2%
2007 26.9% 75.4% 37.7% 64.4%
2006 26.9% 77.9% 34.7% 65.6%
2005 26.9% 82.4% 37.3% 80.5%
2004 28.4% 84.9% 36.6% 86%
2003 29.9% 85.9% 36% 94.6%
2002 29.1% 84.3% 32.9% 91.3%
2001 28.3% 80.1% 32.1% 89.7%
2000 26.1% 74.9% 33.1% 85.6%
1999 25.8% 71.3% 32.7% 98.1%
1998 26% 69.3% 34.9% 99.8%
1997 25.2% 69% 33.9% 98.1%
1996 24.4% 67.1% 36.2% 104.9%
1995 25% 70.9% 35.5% 106.1%
1994 26.2% 74.8% 34.3% 116.2%
1993 26.2% 78.3% 36.4% 126.6%
1992 26.7% 78.8% 35.5% 139.6%
1991 27.3% 76.7% 44.9% 187%
1990 25.8% 50.8% 44% 204.8%
1989 25.7% 50.5% 42.5% 195.4%
1988 24.9% 48.9% 44.3% 129.3%
1987 22.5% 48.9% 42.1% 101.9%
1986 23.2% 47.9% 33.8% 84.3%
1985 21.6% 44.3% 42.4% 85.2%
1984 19.8% 41.6% - -
1983 17.8% 39.6% - -
1982 17.8% 41.7% - -
1981 16.6% 37.2% - -
1980 17.5% 38% - -
1979 15.6% 32.2% - -
1978 15% 30.8% - -
1977 13.9% 29.9% - -
1976 14.4% 31.3% - -
1975 12.7% 29.5% - -
1974 11.3% 29% - -
1973 12.9% 34.1% - -
1972 13.5% 37.2% - -
1971 12.4% 37.6% - -
1970 11.7% 38.1% - -
1969 11.5% 38.8% - -
1968 12.6% 40.3% - -
1967 13.8% 38.5% - -
1966 13.8% 36.2% - -
1965 13.7% 36.8% - -
1964 13.2% 33.8% - -
1963 12.3% 35.5% - -
1962 11.5% 36.2% - -
1961 11.8% 38.7% - -
1960 11.2% 36.5% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/jordan | CC BY

In 2024, India's government spending was $1.11T, accounting for 28.4% of its GDP, while Jordan spent $17.6B, or 33% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 81.6% in India and 90.2% in Jordan, ranking 43/185 and 32/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
India

Jordan
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
India Jordan
2024 -7.9% -7.33%
2023 -7.4% -6.89%
2022 -8.97% -6.8%
2021 -9.45% -8.45%
2020 -12.9% -10.1%
2019 -7.69% -7.19%
2018 -6.34% -5.78%
2017 -6.23% -3.61%
2016 -7.12% -3.71%
2015 -7.21% -7.1%
2014 -7.07% -15.5%
2013 -7% -16.1%
2012 -7.55% -13.8%
2011 -8.35% -5.61%
2010 -8.79% -5.43%
2009 -9.7% -8.66%
2008 -9.17% -5.38%
2007 -4.59% -5.45%
2006 -6.38% -3.82%
2005 -7.49% -5.36%
2004 -9.22% -1.09%
2003 -11.4% -2.52%
2002 -11.1% -4.44%
2001 -11% -2.77%
2000 -8.41% -3.99%
1999 -8.7% -2.69%
1998 -9.74% -5.4%
1997 -8.28% -2.97%
1996 -6.71% -3.25%
1995 -6.81% -1.72%
1994 -8% -2.3%
1993 -8.57% -2.14%
1992 -7.89% 1.87%
1991 -7.9% -10.2%
1990 -8.07% -7.45%
1989 -7.68% -6.89%
1988 -7.01% -13%
1987 -9.53% -13.4%
1986 -10.6% -2.39%
1985 -9.58% -6.9%
1984 -8.54% -
1983 -7.28% -
1982 -6.78% -
1981 -6.07% -
1980 -7.27% -
1979 -4.87% -
1978 -4.45% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -4.1% -
1975 -3.11% -
1974 -2.3% -
1973 -3.53% -
1972 -3.14% -
1971 -2.9% -
1970 -2.35% -
1969 -2.66% -
1968 -3.98% -
1967 -4.97% -
1966 -4.18% -
1965 -4.49% -
1964 -4.41% -
1963 -4.16% -
1962 -3.3% -
1961 -4.1% -
1960 -4.05% -
1959 -5.29% -
1958 -5.08% -
1957 -3.35% -
1956 -2.93% -
1955 -2.77% -
1954 -2.61% -
1953 -1.83% -
1952 0.03% -
1951 -0.5% -
1950 -1.01% -
1949 -0.73% -
1948 -0.82% -
1947 -0.86% -
1946 -2.89% -
1945 -4.4% -
1944 -3.32% -
1943 -3.48% -
1942 -3.62% -
1941 -0.37% -
1940 -0.59% -
1939 -0.32% -
1938 -0.16% -
1937 -0.1% -
1936 -0.45% -
1935 -0.4% -
1934 -0.09% -
1933 0% -
1932 0.03% -
1931 -0.68% -
1930 -1.02% -
1929 -0.91% -
1928 -0.87% -
1927 -0.98% -
1926 -0.88% -
1925 -0.67% -
1924 -0.3% -
1923 -0.66% -
1922 -1.05% -
1921 -1.45% -
1920 -1.57% -
1919 -1.04% -
1918 -0.48% -
1917 -5.69% -
1916 0.25% -
1915 -0.51% -
1914 -0.98% -
1913 -0.85% -
1912 -0.58% -
1911 -0.42% -
1910 -0.85% -
1909 -0.7% -
1908 -1.25% -
1907 -1.22% -
1906 -0.8% -
1905 -2% -
1904 -0.53% -
1903 -0.56% -
1902 -0.56% -
1901 -0.27% -
1900 -1.06% -
1899 -0.56% -
1898 -0.49% -
1897 -1.02% -
1896 -1% -
1895 -0.41% -
1894 -0.5% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -0.56% -
1891 -0.64% -
1890 -0.8% -
1889 -0.45% -
1888 -1.94% -
1887 -1.28% -
1886 -0.75% -
1885 -1.48% -
1884 -1.22% -
1883 -0.81% -
1882 -0.77% -
1881 -0.05% -
1880 -0.69% -
1879 -0.39% -
1878 -0.12% -
1877 -0.84% -
1876 -0.8% -
1875 -0.87% -
1874 -0.15% -
1873 -0.28% -
1872 0.31% -
1871 0.42% -
1870 0.19% -
1869 0.01% -
1868 -0.38% -
1867 -0.12% -
1866 -0.31% -
1865 0.21% -
1864 -0.11% -
1863 -0.06% -
1862 0.15% -
1861 -0.16% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/jordan | CC BY

In 2024, India's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $309B, equivalent to 7.9% of GDP. This compares to Jordan's deficit of $3.91B, or 7.33% of GDP.

Over the past 40 years, India recorded a fiscal deficit in 40 of those years, while Jordan ran a deficit in 39 years. On average, India posted an annual deficit equal to 8.34% of GDP, compared to deficit of 6.14% of GDP for Jordan.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
India

Jordan
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
India Jordan
2024 4.95% 1.56%
2023 5.65% 2.08%
2022 6.7% 4.23%
2021 5.13% 1.35%
2020 6.62% 0.33%
2019 3.73% 0.76%
2018 3.94% 4.46%
2017 3.33% 3.32%
2016 4.95% -0.78%
2015 4.91% -0.88%
2014 6.67% 2.9%
2013 10% 4.82%
2012 9.48% 4.52%
2011 8.91% 4.16%
2010 12% 4.85%
2009 10.9% -0.74%
2008 8.35% 14%
2007 6.37% 4.74%
2006 5.8% 6.25%
2005 4.25% 3.49%
2004 3.77% 3.36%
2003 3.81% 1.63%
2002 4.3% 1.83%
2001 3.78% 1.77%
2000 4.01% 0.67%
1999 4.67% 0.61%
1998 13.2% 3.09%
1997 7.16% 3.04%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/jordan | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, India has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.33%, compared with 2.91% in Jordan. In 2024, inflation was 4.95% in India and 1.56% in Jordan.

Top exports between countries

India
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $255M
Chemicals & pharma $176M
Raw agricultural goods $160M
Machinery & equipment $119M
Animal & marine products $81.5M
Textiles & consumer goods $74.5M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $50.9M
Metals $24.9M
Wood & paper products $14.3M
Miscellaneous $7.32M
Jordan
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $1.67B
Metals $36.1M
Wood & paper products $12M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.31M
Chemicals & pharma $3.38M
Machinery & equipment $3.31M
Raw agricultural goods $1.83M
Precious metals & jewellery $331K
Animal & marine products $241K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $190K

Balance of trade

India Jordan
Current account balance
-$32.1B
2024
-$3.13B
2024
Current account balance ranking
186/190
2024
158/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.82%
2024
-5.86%
2024
Goods imports
$727B
2024
$23.9B
2024
Goods exports
$447B
2024
$13.3B
2024
Service imports
$197B
2024
$6.5B
2024
Service exports
$375B
2024
$9.45B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
23.5%
2024
57.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
21.2%
2024
42.6%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

India Jordan
Economic freedom 52.5 59.3
Economic freedom ranking 146/197 104/197
Property rights 48.3 52.3
Government integrity 37.8 51
Judicial effectiveness 52.6 44
Tax burden 71.2 84.1
Government spending 75.7 67.2
Fiscal health 6.7 5.2
Business freedom 67.4 62.7
Labor freedom 59 51.3
Monetary freedom 70.9 81.2
Trade freedom 61 82
Investment freedom 40 70
Financial freedom 40 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

India
Jordan
1x
Year Economic freedom index
India Jordan
2026 52.5 59.3
2025 53 59.4
2024 52.9 58.3
2023 52.9 58.8
2022 53.9 60.1
2021 56.5 64.6
2020 56.5 66
2019 55.2 66.5
2018 54.5 64.9
2017 52.6 66.7
2016 56.2 68.3
2015 54.6 69.3
2014 55.7 69.2
2013 55.2 70.4
2012 54.6 69.9
2011 54.6 68.9
2010 53.8 66.1
2009 54.4 65.4
2008 54.1 64.1
2007 53.9 64.5
2006 52.2 63.7
2005 54.2 66.7
2004 51.5 66.1
2003 51.2 65.3
2002 51.2 66.2
2001 49 68.3
2000 47.4 67.5
1999 50.2 67.4
1998 49.7 66.8
1997 49.7 63.6
1996 47.4 60.8
1995 45.1 62.7

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/jordan | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for India is 52.5, ranking 146/197, compared to 59.3 for Jordan, ranking 104/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

India Jordan
Services, % of GDP
49.9%
2024
60.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
25.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
16.3%
2024
5.07%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$3.84T
2024
$51.2B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$11,000
2024
$10,570
2024
Total reserves including gold
$643B
2024
$21.9B
2024
Total reserves ranking
5/177
2024
60/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$2.89B
2024
-$1.58B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$27.1B
2024
$1.63B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$24.2B
2024
$54.1M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.38%
2024
8.64%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
21.9%
2011
14.2%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
32.9%
2024
25.2%
2021

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/jordan | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.