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Economy of India vs Myanmar compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

India has a GDP of $3.96T compared to $81.7B for Myanmar, ranking 6/197 and 85/197 by economy size, respectively.

India has $3.33T in government debt (84.1% of GDP), compared to $42.4B (51.9% of GDP) in Myanmar.

India vs Myanmar GDP by year

India
Myanmar
1x
Year GDP, current $
India Myanmar
2025 $3,956,067,115,772 $81,665,773,810
2024 $3,760,813,470,501 $74,068,349,524
2023 $3,500,906,030,645 $66,757,619,000
2022 $3,249,938,492,013 $62,253,049,892
2021 $3,167,270,623,260 $66,345,291,160
2020 $2,674,851,578,587 $79,006,113,643
2019 $2,835,606,256,558 $75,065,106,228
2018 $2,702,929,641,649 $67,860,515,990
2017 $2,651,474,262,755 $66,053,040,483
2016 $2,294,796,885,663 $63,298,361,996
2015 $2,103,588,360,045 $59,607,290,408
2014 $2,039,126,479,155 $65,531,374,200
2013 $1,856,721,507,622 $60,269,732,855
2012 $1,827,637,590,410 $59,937,796,648
2011 $1,823,051,829,895 $59,977,326,086
2010 $1,675,615,519,485 $49,540,813,342
2009 $1,341,888,016,995 $36,906,181,381
2008 $1,198,895,139,006 $31,862,554,102
2007 $1,216,736,438,835 $20,182,477,481
2006 $940,259,888,788 $14,502,553,710
2005 $820,383,763,511 $11,986,972,419
2004 $709,152,728,831 $10,567,354,056
2003 $607,700,687,237 $10,467,109,978
2002 $514,939,140,319 $6,777,632,512
2001 $485,440,139,204 $6,477,790,688
2000 $468,395,521,654 $8,905,066,164
1999 $458,821,052,616 $8,486,832,801
1998 $421,351,317,225 $6,459,461,639
1997 $415,867,563,593 $4,722,288,496
1996 $392,896,866,205 $6,123,556,717
1995 $360,281,909,643 $5,289,174,943
1994 $327,274,843,459 $4,432,257,174
1993 $279,295,648,983 $3,163,020,035
1992 $288,208,070,278 $2,411,552,289
1991 $270,105,341,879 $2,069,832,687
1990 $320,979,026,420 $2,115,193,513
1989 $296,042,052,945 $2,013,448,229
1988 $296,589,670,896 $1,541,088,312
1987 $279,033,584,092 $1,562,448,077
1986 $248,985,994,041 $1,582,873,750
1985 $232,511,554,840 $1,478,908,173
1984 $212,157,645,178 $1,304,063,253
1983 $218,262,146,413 $1,381,573,615
1982 $200,715,624,831 $1,481,165,468
1981 $193,491,368,446 $1,111,000,765
1980 $186,328,579,302 $1,038,225,167
1979 $152,995,442,498 $952,265,043
1978 $137,302,319,829 $935,408,775
1977 $121,486,641,441 $873,579,932
1976 $102,716,451,980 $1,204,699,849
1975 $98,473,832,017 $1,061,107,354
1974 $99,526,597,934 $1,225,589,878
1973 $85,517,673,173 $719,754,655
1972 $71,464,700,667 $662,213,083
1971 $67,351,404,352 $587,448,405
1970 $62,422,483,055 $563,555,631
1969 $58,447,995,017 $571,854,215
1968 $53,085,455,871 $559,956,130
1967 $50,134,942,204 $420,359,036
1966 $45,581,230,504 $293,103,479
1965 $59,556,105,229 $367,053,117
1964 $56,480,289,941 $411,419,906
1963 $48,421,923,459 $598,998,419
1962 $42,161,481,858 $634,528,872
1961 $39,232,435,784 $605,581,577
1960 $37,029,883,876 $545,098,448

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/myanmar | CC BY

GDP per capita in India vs Myanmar by year

India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Myanmar
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
India Myanmar
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $2,702 - $1,489 -
2024 $2,592 $11,160 $1,359 $5,997
2023 $2,434 $10,323 $1,233 $5,953
2022 $2,280 $9,207 $1,158 $5,732
2021 $2,240 $8,050 $1,243 $5,178
2020 $1,907 $6,966 $1,490 $5,741
2019 $2,041 $7,151 $1,426 $6,101
2018 $1,966 $6,715 $1,298 $5,581
2017 $1,950 $6,145 $1,273 $4,706
2016 $1,708 $5,800 $1,229 $4,460
2015 $1,584 $5,425 $1,167 $4,459
2014 $1,554 $5,192 $1,293 $4,376
2013 $1,433 $5,014 $1,199 $4,144
2012 $1,429 $4,820 $1,203 $3,845
2011 $1,445 $4,455 $1,214 $3,579
2010 $1,348 $4,206 $1,011 $3,348
2009 $1,095 $3,887 $758 $3,040
2008 $993 $3,633 $658 $2,748
2007 $1,022 $3,508 $419 $2,459
2006 $802 $3,221 $303 $2,153
2005 $710 $2,937 $252.7 $1,860
2004 $624 $2,682 $224.5 $1,601
2003 $544 $2,461 $224.3 $1,385
2002 $469 $2,277 $146.6 $1,204
2001 $450 $2,200 $141.5 $1,069
2000 $443 $2,091 $196.6 $949
1999 $442 $2,006 $189.5 $825
1998 $414 $1,852 $146 $742
1997 $416 $1,759 $108 $702
1996 $401 $1,695 $141.9 $661
1995 $375 $1,579 $124.1 $618
1994 $348 $1,467 $105.4 $573
1993 $303 $1,374 $76.2 $529
1992 $319 $1,309 $58.9 $494
1991 $306 $1,239 $51.2 $447
1990 $371 $1,212 $53.1 $441
1989 $350 - $51.3 -
1988 $358 - $39.9 -
1987 $345 - $41.1 -
1986 $315 - $42.4 -
1985 $301 - $40.4 -
1984 $281 - $36.3 -
1983 $296 - $39.3 -
1982 $278.7 - $43 -
1981 $275 - $32.8 -
1980 $271.1 - $31.2 -
1979 $228 - $29.2 -
1978 $209.4 - $29.3 -
1977 $189.6 - $27.9 -
1976 $164.1 - $39.2 -
1975 $161.1 - $35.2 -
1974 $166.7 - $41.4 -
1973 $146.6 - $24.8 -
1972 $125.3 - $23.3 -
1971 $120.7 - $21.1 -
1970 $114.4 - $20.7 -
1969 $109.5 - $21.5 -
1968 $101.6 - $21.5 -
1967 $98 - $16.5 -
1966 $91 - $11.8 -
1965 $121.5 - $15.1 -
1964 $117.9 - $17.3 -
1963 $103.4 - $25.8 -
1962 $92.2 - $27.9 -
1961 $87.9 - $27.3 -
1960 $84.9 - $25.1 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/myanmar | CC BY

India's GDP per capita is $2,702, ranking 149/197, compared to $1,489 in Myanmar, ranking 166/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), India ranks 130th at $11,160, while Myanmar ranks 153rd at $5,997.

Economic indicators

India Myanmar
Gross domestic product
$3.96T
2025
$81.7B
2025
GDP rank
6/197
2025
85/197
2025
GDP growth
7.57%
2024-2025
-2.01%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$2,702
2025
$1,489
2025
GDP per capita rank
149/197
2025
166/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$11,160
2024
$5,997
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
130/197
2024
153/197
2024
Government debt
$3.33T
2025
$42.4B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
84.1%
2025
51.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$2,272
2025
$773
2025
Government debt per person rank
116/185
2025
152/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,974
2026
$2,165
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$10.6T
2025
n/a
Number of millionaires
944,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
229
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.1%
2022
25.5%
2017
Income share by poorest 10%
4.5%
2022
3.8%
2017
Government expenditure, % of GDP
28.5%
2025
25.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.4%
2024-2025
8.83%
2018-2019
Central bank interest rate
5.25%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
4.51%
2025
1.48%
2020
Population
1483314140
55361818

Spending and national debt comparison by year

India
Spending

Debt
Myanmar
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
India Myanmar
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 28.5% 84.1% 25.2% 51.9%
2024 29.3% 84.8% 25.8% 50.6%
2023 29.7% 85% 21.4% 53.2%
2022 30% 84.6% 21.3% 56%
2021 30.7% 85.7% 20.9% 63.4%
2020 31.8% 90.6% 21.3% 49.1%
2019 27.4% 76.7% 20.5% 37.6%
2018 26.8% 71.7% 18.7% 39.9%
2017 26.6% 70.8% 19.7% 41.9%
2016 27.6% 69.8% 21.3% 35.7%
2015 27.3% 69.8% 23.7% 36.6%
2014 26.2% 67.6% 24.7% 34.5%
2013 26.5% 68% 23.9% 44.8%
2012 27.2% 68.1% 20% 48%
2011 27.3% 68.7% 15.6% 49.9%
2010 27.7% 67.7% 15.8% 54.4%
2009 28.1% 72.7% 14.4% 56.4%
2008 28.3% 74.3% 14.4% 59.8%
2007 26.1% 75.4% 15.7% 77.4%
2006 25.6% 77.9% 15.6% 103.1%
2005 26% 82.4% 14.6% 119%
2004 28.4% 84.9% 14.6% 126.6%
2003 29.9% 85.9% 14.3% 146%
2002 29.1% 84.3% 15.3% 190.6%
2001 28.3% 80.1% 19.1% 262%
2000 26.1% 74.9% 21.4% 164.5%
1999 25.8% 71.3% 22.8% 150.7%
1998 26% 69.3% 25.2% 208.6%
1997 25.2% 69% - -
1996 24.4% 67.1% - -
1995 25% 70.9% - -
1994 26.2% 74.8% - -
1993 26.2% 78.3% - -
1992 26.7% 78.8% - -
1991 26.8% 76.7% - -
1990 25.4% 50.8% - -
1989 25.7% 50.5% - -
1988 24.9% 48.9% - -
1987 22.5% 48.9% - -
1986 23.2% 47.9% - -
1985 21.6% 44.3% - -
1984 19.8% 41.6% - -
1983 17.8% 39.6% - -
1982 17.8% 41.7% - -
1981 16.6% 37.2% - -
1980 17.5% 38% - -
1979 15.6% 32.2% - -
1978 15% 30.8% - -
1977 13.9% 29.9% - -
1976 14.4% 31.3% - -
1975 12.7% 29.5% - -
1974 11.3% 29% - -
1973 12.9% 34.1% - -
1972 13.5% 37.2% - -
1971 12.4% 37.6% - -
1970 11.7% 38.1% - -
1969 11.5% 38.8% - -
1968 12.6% 40.3% - -
1967 13.8% 38.5% - -
1966 13.8% 36.2% - -
1965 13.7% 36.8% - -
1964 13.2% 33.8% - -
1963 12.3% 35.5% - -
1962 11.5% 36.2% - -
1961 11.8% 38.7% - -
1960 11.2% 36.5% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/myanmar | CC BY

In 2025, India's government spending was $1.13T, accounting for 28.5% of its GDP, while Myanmar spent $20.6B, or 25.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 84.1% in India and 51.9% in Myanmar, ranking 38/185 and 101/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
India

Myanmar
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
India Myanmar
2025 -7.44% -4.94%
2024 -7.85% -4.11%
2023 -8.37% -2.76%
2022 -9.23% -2.75%
2021 -9.7% -2.22%
2020 -13.2% -6.5%
2019 -7.86% -4.7%
2018 -6.46% -2.77%
2017 -6.33% -3.42%
2016 -7.21% -2.53%
2015 -7.28% -4.33%
2014 -6.9% -1.06%
2013 -6.78% -1.53%
2012 -7.32% -2.7%
2011 -8.03% -4.82%
2010 -8.53% -5.4%
2009 -9.26% -3.55%
2008 -8.15% -2.73%
2007 -3.73% -3.52%
2006 -5.11% -3.42%
2005 -6.64% -3.49%
2004 -9.22% -4.62%
2003 -11.4% -4.24%
2002 -11.1% -4.01%
2001 -11% -6.34%
2000 -8.41% -6.03%
1999 -8.7% -4.46%
1998 -9.74% -4.89%
1997 -8.28% -
1996 -6.71% -
1995 -6.81% -
1994 -8% -
1993 -8.57% -
1992 -7.89% -
1991 -7.44% -
1990 -7.63% -
1989 -7.68% -
1988 -7.01% -
1987 -9.53% -
1986 -10.6% -
1985 -9.58% -
1984 -8.54% -
1983 -7.28% -
1982 -6.78% -
1981 -6.07% -
1980 -7.27% -
1979 -4.87% -
1978 -4.45% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -4.1% -
1975 -3.11% -
1974 -2.3% -
1973 -3.53% -
1972 -3.14% -
1971 -2.9% -
1970 -2.35% -
1969 -2.66% -
1968 -3.98% -
1967 -4.97% -
1966 -4.18% -
1965 -4.49% -
1964 -4.41% -
1963 -4.16% -
1962 -3.3% -
1961 -4.1% -
1960 -4.05% -
1959 -5.29% -
1958 -5.08% -
1957 -3.35% -
1956 -2.93% -
1955 -2.77% -
1954 -2.61% -
1953 -1.83% -
1952 0.03% -
1951 -0.5% -
1950 -1.01% -
1949 -0.73% -
1948 -0.82% -
1947 -0.86% -
1946 -2.89% -
1945 -4.4% -
1944 -3.32% -
1943 -3.48% -
1942 -3.62% -
1941 -0.37% -
1940 -0.59% -
1939 -0.32% -
1938 -0.16% -
1937 -0.1% -
1936 -0.45% -
1935 -0.4% -
1934 -0.09% -
1933 0% -
1932 0.03% -
1931 -0.68% -
1930 -1.02% -
1929 -0.91% -
1928 -0.87% -
1927 -0.98% -
1926 -0.88% -
1925 -0.67% -
1924 -0.3% -
1923 -0.66% -
1922 -1.05% -
1921 -1.45% -
1920 -1.57% -
1919 -1.04% -
1918 -0.48% -
1917 -5.69% -
1916 0.25% -
1915 -0.51% -
1914 -0.98% -
1913 -0.85% -
1912 -0.58% -
1911 -0.42% -
1910 -0.85% -
1909 -0.7% -
1908 -1.25% -
1907 -1.22% -
1906 -0.8% -
1905 -2% -
1904 -0.53% -
1903 -0.56% -
1902 -0.56% -
1901 -0.27% -
1900 -1.06% -
1899 -0.56% -
1898 -0.49% -
1897 -1.02% -
1896 -1% -
1895 -0.41% -
1894 -0.5% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -0.56% -
1891 -0.64% -
1890 -0.8% -
1889 -0.45% -
1888 -1.94% -
1887 -1.28% -
1886 -0.75% -
1885 -1.48% -
1884 -1.22% -
1883 -0.81% -
1882 -0.77% -
1881 -0.05% -
1880 -0.69% -
1879 -0.39% -
1878 -0.12% -
1877 -0.84% -
1876 -0.8% -
1875 -0.87% -
1874 -0.15% -
1873 -0.28% -
1872 0.31% -
1871 0.42% -
1870 0.19% -
1869 0.01% -
1868 -0.38% -
1867 -0.12% -
1866 -0.31% -
1865 0.21% -
1864 -0.11% -
1863 -0.06% -
1862 0.15% -
1861 -0.16% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/myanmar | CC BY

In 2025, India's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $294B, equivalent to 7.44% of GDP. This compares to Myanmar's deficit of $4.04B, or 4.94% of GDP.

Over the past 28 years, India recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while Myanmar ran a deficit in 28 years. On average, India posted an annual deficit equal to 8.25% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.85% of GDP for Myanmar.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
India

Myanmar
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
India Myanmar
2025 2.4% -
2024 4.95% -
2023 5.65% -
2022 6.7% -
2021 5.13% -
2020 6.62% -
2019 3.73% 8.83%
2018 3.94% 6.87%
2017 3.33% 4.57%
2016 4.95% 6.93%
2015 4.91% 9.45%
2014 6.67% 4.95%
2013 10% 5.64%
2012 9.48% 1.47%
2011 8.91% 5.02%
2010 12% 7.72%
2009 10.9% 1.47%
2008 8.35% 26.8%
2007 6.37% 35%
2006 5.8% 20%
2005 4.25% 9.37%
2004 3.77% 4.53%
2003 3.81% 36.6%
2002 4.3% 57.1%
2001 3.78% 21.1%
2000 4.01% -0.11%
1999 4.67% 18.4%
1998 13.2% 51.5%
1997 7.16% 29.7%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/myanmar | CC BY

Over the past 23 years, India has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.45%, compared with 16.2% in Myanmar. In 2019, inflation was 2.4% in India and 8.83% in Myanmar.

Top exports between countries

India
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $269M
Chemicals & pharma $248M
Machinery & equipment $92.6M
Weapons & explosives $54.1M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $39.8M
Textiles & consumer goods $37.3M
Raw materials & minerals $33M
Metals $13.2M
Raw agricultural goods $5.78M
Wood & paper products $2.48M
Myanmar
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $1.18B
Machinery & equipment $38.8M
Textiles & consumer goods $20.6M
Animal & marine products $20.4M
Wood & paper products $19.6M
Raw materials & minerals $17.3M
Metals $15.1M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $4.47M
Chemicals & pharma $1.52M
Miscellaneous $540K

Balance of trade

India Myanmar
Current account balance
-$16.5B
2025
$67.7M
2019
Current account balance ranking
182/190
2025
66/190
2019
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.42%
2025
+0.09%
2019
Goods imports
$761B
2025
$13.7B
2019
Goods exports
$450B
2025
$10.8B
2019
Service imports
$203B
2025
$3.66B
2019
Service exports
$412B
2025
$6.68B
2019
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
24%
2025
n/a
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.3%
2025
24.3%
2026

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

India Myanmar
Economic freedom 52.5 44.5
Economic freedom ranking 146/197 180/197
Property rights 48.3 5.7
Government integrity 37.8 18.1
Judicial effectiveness 52.6 3.9
Tax burden 71.2 88.6
Government spending 75.7 86.6
Fiscal health 6.7 62.7
Business freedom 67.4 37.9
Labor freedom 59 53.2
Monetary freedom 70.9 57.5
Trade freedom 61 69.4
Investment freedom 40 30
Financial freedom 40 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

India
Myanmar
1x
Year Economic freedom index
India Myanmar
2026 52.5 44.5
2025 53 43.7
2024 52.9 42.2
2023 52.9 46.5
2022 53.9 49.6
2021 56.5 55.2
2020 56.5 54
2019 55.2 53.6
2018 54.5 53.9
2017 52.6 52.5
2016 56.2 48.7
2015 54.6 46.9
2014 55.7 46.5
2013 55.2 39.2
2012 54.6 38.7
2011 54.6 37.8
2010 53.8 36.7
2009 54.4 37.7
2008 54.1 39.5
2007 53.9 41
2006 52.2 40
2005 54.2 40.5
2004 51.5 43.6
2003 51.2 44.9
2002 51.2 45.5
2001 49 46.1
2000 47.4 47.9
1999 50.2 46.4
1998 49.7 45.7
1997 49.7 45.4
1996 47.4 45.1
1995 45.1 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/myanmar | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for India is 52.5, ranking 146/197, compared to 44.5 for Myanmar, ranking 180/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

India Myanmar
Services, % of GDP
49.3%
2025
38.5%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
25.2%
2025
36.2%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
16.2%
2025
25.3%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$4.04T
2025
$72.3B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$11,600
2025
$5,890
2025
Total reserves including gold
$700B
2025
$9.34B
2023
Total reserves ranking
5/177
2025
85/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
-$3.41B
2025
-$1.74B
2019
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$27.1B
2024
$1.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$24.2B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.47%
2024
1.31%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
21.9%
2011
24.8%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
34.6%
2025
n/a

GDP per capita map

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Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.