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Economy of Canada vs Dominican Republic compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Canada has a GDP of $2.32T compared to $127B for the Dominican Republic, ranking 10/197 and 65/197 by economy size, respectively.

Canada has $2.63T in government debt (113.5% of GDP), compared to $75.2B (59% of GDP) in the Dominican Republic.

Canada vs Dominican Republic GDP by year

Canada
Dominican Republic
1x
Year GDP, current $
Canada Dominican Republic
2025 $2,319,899,772,426 $127,407,463,759
2024 $2,270,076,189,683 $124,282,245,639
2023 $2,196,593,836,347 $120,456,239,154
2022 $2,200,562,785,046 $113,478,103,598
2021 $2,022,377,950,897 $94,850,719,517
2020 $1,655,686,966,882 $78,546,672,407
2019 $1,743,728,952,157 $89,146,130,745
2018 $1,725,330,736,238 $84,994,732,049
2017 $1,649,269,496,515 $79,070,274,743
2016 $1,527,996,250,641 $75,552,902,636
2015 $1,556,510,380,200 $70,966,782,572
2014 $1,805,751,688,809 $67,014,329,100
2013 $1,846,583,831,414 $62,555,417,415
2012 $1,828,359,477,072 $60,561,635,556
2011 $1,793,335,727,901 $57,948,261,616
2010 $1,617,349,192,091 $53,801,053,353
2009 $1,374,627,766,600 $48,223,781,477
2008 $1,552,993,439,550 $48,091,433,554
2007 $1,468,820,407,783 $43,965,458,509
2006 $1,319,291,255,289 $37,879,830,084
2005 $1,173,118,501,403 $35,777,560,684
2004 $1,026,691,006,918 $22,322,387,382
2003 $895,542,074,085 $21,403,167,848
2002 $760,650,608,552 $27,137,440,786
2001 $738,981,792,355 $25,601,823,688
2000 $744,773,415,932 $24,305,780,629
1999 $678,414,215,521 $22,136,579,397
1998 $633,999,325,918 $21,672,215,547
1997 $654,987,722,086 $20,017,450,041
1996 $630,607,994,133 $18,241,622,548
1995 $605,961,090,061 $16,637,370,839
1994 $579,944,346,807 $14,644,734,599
1993 $579,053,561,739 $13,081,042,400
1992 $594,387,358,319 $11,605,382,504
1991 $612,527,712,316 $9,824,483,340
1990 $596,075,591,361 $7,073,675,545
1989 $567,211,993,243 $6,686,593,060
1988 $509,380,027,627 $5,374,299,981
1987 $433,134,238,311 $5,827,050,753
1986 $379,006,836,992 $6,122,128,558
1985 $366,186,012,450 $5,044,579,979
1984 $356,718,400,124 $11,594,000,000
1983 $341,866,277,183 $9,220,600,000
1982 $314,647,807,409 $8,267,400,000
1981 $307,246,642,756 $7,561,300,000
1980 $274,776,566,028 $6,761,300,000
1979 $243,891,124,296 $5,498,800,000
1978 $219,369,542,386 $4,734,400,000
1977 $212,325,176,305 $4,587,100,000
1976 $207,271,612,576 $3,951,500,000
1975 $174,419,757,177 $3,599,200,000
1974 $160,949,188,139 $2,925,700,000
1973 $131,764,343,566 $2,344,800,000
1972 $113,463,848,874 $1,987,400,000
1971 $99,606,454,744 $1,666,500,000
1970 $88,192,257,632 $1,485,500,000
1969 $79,405,011,125 $1,230,500,000
1968 $72,048,833,006 $1,079,100,000
1967 $65,856,924,424 $1,034,800,000
1966 $61,252,415,405 $983,900,000
1965 $54,649,410,479 $888,100,000
1964 $49,503,663,836 $1,025,599,900
1963 $45,140,337,827 $940,799,900
1962 $42,336,211,556 $824,100,000
1961 $41,038,192,838 $654,100,200
1960 $40,563,768,947 $672,399,700

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/dominican-republic | CC BY

GDP per capita in Canada vs Dominican Republic by year

Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Dominican Republic
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Canada Dominican Republic
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $55,698 - $11,059 -
2024 $55,016 $64,610 $10,876 $27,542
2023 $54,848 $64,219 $10,630 $25,840
2022 $56,497 $63,944 $10,104 $24,626
2021 $52,887 $56,995 $8,527 $22,053
2020 $43,538 $48,591 $7,135 $18,998
2019 $46,353 $50,499 $8,183 $19,767
2018 $46,539 $49,983 $7,883 $17,995
2017 $45,130 $48,317 $7,413 $16,846
2016 $42,314 $46,471 $7,160 $16,282
2015 $43,594 $44,668 $6,801 $14,804
2014 $50,961 $45,758 $6,496 $13,465
2013 $52,638 $44,301 $6,137 $12,414
2012 $52,670 $42,292 $6,014 $11,777
2011 $52,224 $41,667 $5,827 $11,695
2010 $47,561 $40,103 $5,479 $11,246
2009 $40,875 $38,863 $4,974 $10,382
2008 $46,710 $40,376 $5,024 $10,346
2007 $44,660 $39,573 $4,650 $9,951
2006 $40,505 $38,123 $4,055 $9,130
2005 $36,384 $36,328 $3,878 $8,215
2004 $32,146 $33,929 $2,452 $7,375
2003 $28,302 $32,350 $2,383 $7,098
2002 $24,256 $30,964 $3,066 $7,158
2001 $23,822 $30,241 $2,936 $6,848
2000 $24,271 $29,348 $2,831 $6,639
1999 $22,315 $27,841 $2,621 $6,305
1998 $21,025 $26,324 $2,608 $5,963
1997 $21,902 $25,264 $2,449 $5,618
1996 $21,297 $24,055 $2,271 $5,161
1995 $20,680 $23,474 $2,109 $4,871
1994 $19,998 $22,624 $1,892 $4,599
1993 $20,187 $21,432 $1,722 $4,474
1992 $20,950 $20,619 $1,558 $4,151
1991 $21,847 $20,220 $1,346 $3,722
1990 $21,526 $20,226 $989 $3,641
1989 $20,795 - $955 -
1988 $19,013 - $784 -
1987 $16,378 - $868 -
1986 $14,521 - $932 -
1985 $14,170 - $784 -
1984 $13,930 - $1,844 -
1983 $13,477 - $1,500 -
1982 $12,527 - $1,376 -
1981 $12,379 - $1,288 -
1980 $11,208 - $1,180 -
1979 $10,078 - $984 -
1978 $9,154 - $868 -
1977 $8,949 - $863 -
1976 $8,839 - $763 -
1975 $7,537 - $713 -
1974 $7,057 - $595 -
1973 $5,858 - $490 -
1972 $5,107 - $427 -
1971 $4,535 - $368 -
1970 $4,136 - $338 -
1969 $3,776 - $287.7 -
1968 $3,473 - $259.6 -
1967 $3,226 - $256.2 -
1966 $3,055 - $250.9 -
1965 $2,777 - $233.2 -
1964 $2,562 - $277.3 -
1963 $2,380 - $262.2 -
1962 $2,274 - $236.8 -
1961 $2,246 - $193.9 -
1960 $2,265 - $205.7 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/dominican-republic | CC BY

Canada's GDP per capita is $55,698, ranking 23/197, compared to $11,059 in the Dominican Republic, ranking 83/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Canada ranks 28th at $64,610, while the Dominican Republic ranks 76th at $27,542.

Economic indicators

Canada Dominican Republic
Gross domestic product
$2.32T
2025
$127B
2025
GDP rank
10/197
2025
65/197
2025
GDP growth
1.74%
2024-2025
2.12%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$55,698
2025
$11,059
2025
GDP per capita rank
23/197
2025
83/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$64,610
2024
$27,542
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
28/197
2024
76/197
2024
Government debt
$2.63T
2025
$75.2B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
113.5%
2025
59%
2025
Government debt per person
$63,220
2025
$6,525
2025
Government debt per person rank
5/185
2025
73/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$36,531
2026
$7,179
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$4.62T
2025
n/a
Number of millionaires
2,098,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
82
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.6%
2022
29.5%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2022
2.3%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44%
2025
19.3%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.07%
2024-2025
3.87%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
5.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.82%
2025
5.17%
2025
Population
42199836
11656588

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Canada
Spending

Debt
Dominican Republic
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Canada Dominican Republic
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 44% 113.5% 19.3% 59%
2024 44.3% 110% 19.5% 58.8%
2023 41.8% 105.1% 19.1% 60.5%
2022 40.4% 103.5% 18.5% 59.6%
2021 45.5% 112.6% 18.4% 62.8%
2020 52.4% 118.1% 22.2% 71.8%
2019 40.6% 90.1% 17.8% 53.5%
2018 40.7% 90.8% 16.5% 50.8%
2017 40.5% 91% 17.3% 49.5%
2016 40.8% 92.5% 17% 46.7%
2015 40% 92.3% 16.7% 44.8%
2014 38.4% 85.8% 17% 45%
2013 40% 87.7% 18.5% 46.8%
2012 40.9% 87% 19.8% 42.4%
2011 41.6% 84.3% 16% 39.1%
2010 43.1% 84% 16.1% 37.4%
2009 43.4% 81.8% 16.2% 36.8%
2008 38.8% 70.4% 18.5% 33.6%
2007 38.5% 67.2% 16.3% 32.9%
2006 38.7% 69.9% 17% 36%
2005 38.5% 70.6% 15.5% 38.3%
2004 39.1% 71.9% 17.3% 34.3%
2003 40.3% 75.9% 17.2% 48.2%
2002 40.4% 79.6% 16.5% 21.5%
2001 41.1% 81.5% 14.9% 20.4%
2000 40.6% 80.4% 14.1% 16.7%
1999 41.8% 89% 13.4% 16%
1998 43.4% 93.3% 12.6% 13.2%
1997 43.5% 95.3% 13.2% 13.8%
1996 45.9% 100.2% 11.4% 23%
1995 47.7% 100.1% 11% 25.7%
1994 49% 97.5% 12.1% 28.5%
1993 51.5% 94.7% 13% 36.1%
1992 52.5% 88.2% 10.4% 38.5%
1991 51.4% 81.7% 8.65% 47.3%
1990 48.1% 73.7% 9.1% 84.7%
1989 45.8% 72.2% 11.3% 62.5%
1988 45.4% 71.1% 12.8% 77%
1987 46.1% 71.4% 11.2% 86.9%
1986 47.6% 71% 10.4% 63.8%
1985 48.3% 66.9% 9.8% 66.3%
1984 47.5% 61.7% 9.32% 28.9%
1983 47.9% 58.4% 10.2% 32.9%
1982 47.3% 52.7% 10.2% 33.1%
1981 42.5% 46.9% 12.1% 29.8%
1980 41.6% 45.6% 12.8% 15.2%
1979 40% 45.3% 13.8% 24%
1978 41.6% 48% 12.3% 20.9%
1977 41.4% 45.1% 11.4% 16.4%
1976 40.2% 43.6% 12.5% 15.6%
1975 41.1% 45.2% 13.7% 13.1%
1974 37.6% 45.8% 14.6% 14.6%
1973 36% 48% 13.7% 14.6%
1972 37.5% 53.5% 14.1% 16.4%
1971 37.3% 55.3% 13.8% 17.8%
1970 36% 54.3% 13.3% 18%
1969 33.9% 53% 15.5% 17.4%
1968 33.8% 55.9% 15.5% 18.1%
1967 32.9% 56.9% 15% 16.2%
1966 30.8% 56.6% 15.2% 14.5%
1965 29.8% 60.1% 12.8% -
1964 29.7% 63.7% 16.7% -
1963 30.3% 67% 15.1% -
1962 30.6% 67.2% 15.7% -
1961 30.6% 68.2% 20% -
1960 14.9% 66.1% 20.1% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/dominican-republic | CC BY

In 2025, Canada's government spending was $1.02T, accounting for 44% of its GDP, while the Dominican Republic spent $24.6B, or 19.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 113.5% in Canada and 59% in the Dominican Republic, ranking 14/185 and 80/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Canada

Dominican Republic
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Canada Dominican Republic
2025 -1.77% -3.56%
2024 -2.12% -3.09%
2023 -0.16% -3.28%
2022 0.62% -3.25%
2021 -3.06% -2.92%
2020 -10.9% -7.94%
2019 -0.02% -3.46%
2018 0.36% -2.17%
2017 -0.11% -3.12%
2016 -0.45% -3.11%
2015 -0.06% -0.03%
2014 0.17% -2.76%
2013 -1.49% -4.41%
2012 -2.52% -6.26%
2011 -3.31% -3.07%
2010 -4.74% -2.97%
2009 -3.88% -2.9%
2008 0.18% -3.43%
2007 1.82% 0.28%
2006 1.83% -1.69%
2005 1.55% -0.71%
2004 0.77% -3.6%
2003 -0.13% -4.24%
2002 -0.23% -2.28%
2001 0.53% -0.73%
2000 2.64% -0.86%
1999 1.66% -0.79%
1998 0.14% -0.29%
1997 0.04% -0.64%
1996 -3.05% 0.14%
1995 -5.49% 0.82%
1994 -6.94% -0.39%
1993 -8.93% -0.16%
1992 -9.2% 2.35%
1991 -8.36% 0.11%
1990 -5.91% 0.39%
1989 -4.6% -0.09%
1988 -4.33% -1.68%
1987 -5.42% -0.75%
1986 -7.14% -0.57%
1985 -8.59% -1.27%
1984 -7.78% -0.95%
1983 -8.17% -1.74%
1982 -7.03% -2.4%
1981 -2.83% -1.92%
1980 -4.07% -1.82%
1979 -3.41% -3.26%
1978 -4.77% -0.82%
1977 -4.1% 0.15%
1976 -2.78% -0.22%
1975 -3.54% 1.37%
1974 1.1% -0.93%
1973 0.6% -0.53%
1972 -0.97% -1.73%
1971 -1.02% -0.85%
1970 -0.36% -0.68%
1969 1.2% -0.99%
1968 -0.45% -0.99%
1967 -0.82% -1.68%
1966 -0.07% -2.14%
1965 -0.25% -1.84%
1964 -0.68% -1.36%
1963 -2.31% -0.39%
1962 -2.6% -1.17%
1961 -2.75% -3%
1960 -0.85% -0.61%
1959 -1.08% -0.29%
1958 -1.69% -1.29%
1957 -0.11% 0.21%
1956 0.77% -0.05%
1955 -0.11% 1.47%
1954 -0.57% 1.43%
1953 0.3% 2.79%
1952 0.09% 0%
1951 1.1% -2.58%
1950 1.09% -3.66%
1949 0.78% -
1948 3.84% -
1947 5.02% -
1946 3.14% -
1945 -17.9% -
1944 -21.6% -
1943 -23.1% -
1942 -20.8% -
1941 -4.79% -
1940 -5.62% -
1939 -2.11% -
1938 -0.97% -
1937 -0.34% -
1936 -1.68% -
1935 -3.72% -
1934 -2.93% -
1933 -3.83% -
1932 -5.79% -
1931 -2.43% -
1930 -1.47% -
1929 0.78% -
1928 1.12% -
1927 0.92% -
1926 0.81% -
1925 0.55% -
1924 0.007% -
1923 0.79% -
1922 -0.75% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -1.82% -
1919 -8.94% -
1918 -8.98% -
1917 -7.83% -
1916 -8.14% -
1915 -6.17% -
1914 -4.63% -
1913 -0.82% -
1912 1.03% -
1911 0.004% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 -0.67% -
1908 -2.78% -
1907 -0.83% -
1906 0.22% -
1905 -0.07% -
1904 -0.44% -
1903 0.07% -
1902 0.91% -
1901 -0.34% -
1900 -0.33% -
1899 0.1% -
1898 -0.3% -
1897 -0.35% -
1896 -0.48% -
1895 -0.85% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 -0.66% -
1892 -0.07% -
1891 3.23% -
1890 -0.04% -
1889 0% -
1888 -0.48% -
1887 -1.18% -
1886 -0.73% -
1885 -4.82% -
1884 -2.43% -
1883 -3.88% -
1882 -0.78% -
1881 0.32% -
1880 -0.62% -
1879 -2.11% -
1878 -0.63% -
1877 -1.63% -
1876 -2.06% -
1875 -1.88% -
1874 -1.57% -
1873 -1.74% -
1872 -3.93% -
1871 -1.09% -
1870 0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/dominican-republic | CC BY

In 2025, Canada's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $41B, equivalent to 1.77% of GDP. This compares to the Dominican Republic's deficit of $4.53B, or 3.56% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Canada recorded a fiscal deficit in 50 of those years, while the Dominican Republic ran a deficit in 58 years. On average, Canada posted an annual deficit equal to 2.41% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.65% of GDP for the Dominican Republic.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Canada

Dominican Republic
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Canada Dominican Republic
2025 2.07% 3.87%
2024 2.38% 3.3%
2023 3.88% 4.79%
2022 6.8% 8.81%
2021 3.4% 8.24%
2020 0.72% 3.78%
2019 1.95% 1.81%
2018 2.27% 3.56%
2017 1.6% 3.28%
2016 1.43% 1.61%
2015 1.13% 0.84%
2014 1.91% 3%
2013 0.94% 4.83%
2012 1.52% 3.69%
2011 2.91% 5.8%
2010 1.78% 6.33%
2009 0.3% 1.44%
2008 2.37% 10.6%
2007 2.14% 6.14%
2006 2% 7.57%
2005 2.21% 4.19%
2004 1.86% 51.5%
2003 2.76% 27.4%
2002 2.26% 5.22%
2001 2.53% 8.88%
2000 2.72% 7.72%
1999 1.73% 6.47%
1998 1% 4.83%
1997 1.62% 8.3%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/dominican-republic | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Canada has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.14%, compared with 7.51% in the Dominican Republic. In 2025, inflation was 2.07% in Canada and 3.87% in the Dominican Republic.

Top exports between countries

Canada
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $51.1M
Raw agricultural goods $32.4M
Animal & marine products $30.1M
Chemicals & pharma $12.9M
Wood & paper products $7.11M
Metals $4.44M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.62M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.23M
Miscellaneous $2.78M
Raw materials & minerals $2.66M
Dominican Republic
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $689M
Machinery & equipment $28.6M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $13.9M
Raw agricultural goods $9.68M
Chemicals & pharma $8.77M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.43M
Metals $3.04M
Raw materials & minerals $1.26M
Wood & paper products $214K
Animal & marine products $84K

Balance of trade

Canada Dominican Republic
Current account balance
-$22B
2025
-$1.49B
2025
Current account balance ranking
184/190
2025
128/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.95%
2025
-1.17%
2025
Goods imports
$577B
2025
$29.8B
2025
Goods exports
$555B
2025
$16B
2025
Service imports
$169B
2025
$5.65B
2025
Service exports
$172B
2025
$14.4B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.2%
2025
27.9%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
31.3%
2025
23.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Canada Dominican Republic
Economic freedom 75.6 63.8
Economic freedom ranking 17/197 77/197
Property rights 85.9 53.9
Government integrity 85.5 39.8
Judicial effectiveness 96 58
Tax burden 74.7 84.4
Government spending 45.9 89.1
Fiscal health 79.7 76.6
Business freedom 84.2 71.4
Labor freedom 68.3 53.2
Monetary freedom 73.8 72.1
Trade freedom 83.2 67.4
Investment freedom 60 60
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Canada
Dominican Republic
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Canada Dominican Republic
2026 75.6 63.8
2025 75.5 64.3
2024 72.4 62.9
2023 73.7 62.6
2022 76.6 63
2021 77.9 62.1
2020 78.2 60.9
2019 77.7 61
2018 77.7 61.6
2017 78.5 62.9
2016 78 61
2015 79.1 61
2014 80.2 61.3
2013 79.4 59.7
2012 79.9 60.2
2011 80.8 60
2010 80.4 60.3
2009 80.5 59.2
2008 80.2 57.7
2007 78 56.8
2006 77.4 56.3
2005 75.8 55.1
2004 75.3 54.6
2003 74.8 57.8
2002 74.6 58.6
2001 71.2 59.1
2000 70.5 59
1999 69.3 58.1
1998 68.5 58.1
1997 67.9 53.5
1996 70.3 58.1
1995 69.4 55.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/dominican-republic | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Canada is 75.6, ranking 17/197, compared to 63.8 for the Dominican Republic, ranking 77/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Canada Dominican Republic
Services, % of GDP
64.1%
2022
60.1%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
27.4%
2022
28.4%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.93%
2022
4.6%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$2.35T
2025
$122B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$66,820
2025
$26,980
2025
Total reserves including gold
$126B
2025
$14.8B
2025
Total reserves ranking
26/177
2025
71/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$11.9B
2025
-$5.03B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$63.1B
2024
$4.48B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.4B
2024
-$47.3M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
5.61%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2020
17.3%
2025
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2025
24.7%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/dominican-republic | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.