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Economy of Canada vs Dominican Republic compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Canada has a GDP of $2.24T compared to $124B for the Dominican Republic, ranking 9/197 and 63/197 by economy size, respectively.

Canada has $2.5T in government debt (111.3% of GDP), compared to $73.1B (58.8% of GDP) in the Dominican Republic.

Canada vs Dominican Republic GDP by year

Canada
Dominican Republic
1x
Year GDP, current $
Canada Dominican Republic
2024 $2,243,636,826,634 $124,282,245,639
2023 $2,173,339,670,064 $120,456,239,154
2022 $2,190,411,080,134 $113,478,087,135
2021 $2,022,378,748,423 $94,850,719,517
2020 $1,655,684,730,000 $78,546,672,407
2019 $1,743,725,183,673 $89,146,130,745
2018 $1,725,329,192,783 $84,994,732,049
2017 $1,649,265,644,244 $79,070,274,743
2016 $1,527,994,741,907 $75,552,902,636
2015 $1,556,508,816,217 $70,966,782,572
2014 $1,805,749,878,440 $67,014,329,100
2013 $1,846,597,421,835 $62,555,417,415
2012 $1,828,366,481,522 $60,561,635,556
2011 $1,793,326,630,175 $57,948,261,616
2010 $1,617,343,367,486 $53,801,053,353
2009 $1,374,625,142,157 $48,223,781,477
2008 $1,552,989,690,722 $48,091,433,554
2007 $1,468,820,407,783 $43,965,458,509
2006 $1,319,264,809,591 $37,879,830,084
2005 $1,173,108,598,779 $35,777,560,684
2004 $1,026,690,238,278 $22,322,387,382
2003 $895,540,646,635 $21,403,167,848
2002 $760,649,334,098 $27,137,440,786
2001 $738,981,792,355 $25,601,823,688
2000 $744,773,415,932 $24,305,780,629
1999 $678,412,196,271 $22,136,579,397
1998 $634,000,000,000 $21,672,215,547
1997 $654,986,999,856 $20,017,450,041
1996 $630,607,994,133 $18,241,622,548
1995 $605,961,090,061 $16,637,370,839
1994 $579,944,346,807 $14,644,734,599
1993 $579,053,561,739 $13,081,042,400
1992 $594,387,358,319 $11,605,382,504
1991 $612,527,712,316 $9,824,483,340
1990 $596,075,591,361 $7,073,675,545
1989 $567,211,993,243 $6,686,593,060
1988 $509,380,027,627 $5,374,299,981
1987 $433,134,238,311 $5,827,050,753
1986 $379,006,836,992 $6,122,128,558
1985 $366,186,012,450 $5,044,579,979
1984 $356,718,400,124 $11,594,000,000
1983 $341,866,277,183 $9,220,600,000
1982 $314,647,807,409 $8,267,400,000
1981 $307,246,642,756 $7,561,300,000
1980 $274,776,566,028 $6,761,300,000
1979 $243,891,124,296 $5,498,800,000
1978 $219,369,542,386 $4,734,400,000
1977 $212,325,176,305 $4,587,100,000
1976 $207,271,612,576 $3,951,500,000
1975 $174,419,757,177 $3,599,200,000
1974 $160,949,188,139 $2,925,700,000
1973 $131,764,343,566 $2,344,800,000
1972 $113,463,848,874 $1,987,400,000
1971 $99,606,454,744 $1,666,500,000
1970 $88,192,257,632 $1,485,500,000
1969 $79,405,011,125 $1,230,500,000
1968 $72,048,833,006 $1,079,100,000
1967 $65,856,924,424 $1,034,800,000
1966 $61,252,415,405 $983,900,000
1965 $54,649,410,479 $888,100,000
1964 $49,503,663,836 $1,025,599,900
1963 $45,140,337,827 $940,799,900
1962 $42,336,211,556 $824,100,000
1961 $41,038,192,838 $654,100,200
1960 $40,563,768,947 $672,399,700

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/dominican-republic | CC BY

GDP per capita in Canada vs Dominican Republic by year

Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Dominican Republic
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Canada Dominican Republic
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $54,340 $64,610 $10,876 $27,542
2023 $54,220 $64,219 $10,630 $25,840
2022 $56,257 $63,944 $10,104 $24,626
2021 $52,887 $56,995 $8,527 $22,053
2020 $43,538 $48,591 $7,135 $18,998
2019 $46,353 $50,499 $8,183 $19,767
2018 $46,539 $49,983 $7,883 $17,995
2017 $45,130 $48,317 $7,413 $16,846
2016 $42,314 $46,471 $7,160 $16,282
2015 $43,594 $44,668 $6,801 $14,804
2014 $50,961 $45,758 $6,496 $13,465
2013 $52,638 $44,301 $6,137 $12,414
2012 $52,670 $42,292 $6,014 $11,777
2011 $52,224 $41,667 $5,827 $11,695
2010 $47,561 $40,103 $5,479 $11,246
2009 $40,875 $38,863 $4,974 $10,382
2008 $46,710 $40,376 $5,024 $10,346
2007 $44,660 $39,573 $4,650 $9,951
2006 $40,504 $38,123 $4,055 $9,130
2005 $36,384 $36,328 $3,878 $8,215
2004 $32,146 $33,929 $2,452 $7,375
2003 $28,302 $32,350 $2,383 $7,098
2002 $24,256 $30,964 $3,066 $7,158
2001 $23,822 $30,241 $2,936 $6,848
2000 $24,271 $29,348 $2,831 $6,639
1999 $22,315 $27,841 $2,621 $6,305
1998 $21,025 $26,324 $2,608 $5,963
1997 $21,902 $25,264 $2,449 $5,618
1996 $21,297 $24,055 $2,271 $5,161
1995 $20,680 $23,474 $2,109 $4,871
1994 $19,998 $22,624 $1,892 $4,599
1993 $20,187 $21,432 $1,722 $4,474
1992 $20,950 $20,619 $1,558 $4,151
1991 $21,847 $20,220 $1,346 $3,722
1990 $21,526 $20,226 $989 $3,641
1989 $20,795 - $955 -
1988 $19,013 - $784 -
1987 $16,378 - $868 -
1986 $14,521 - $932 -
1985 $14,170 - $784 -
1984 $13,930 - $1,844 -
1983 $13,477 - $1,500 -
1982 $12,527 - $1,376 -
1981 $12,379 - $1,288 -
1980 $11,208 - $1,180 -
1979 $10,078 - $984 -
1978 $9,154 - $868 -
1977 $8,949 - $863 -
1976 $8,839 - $763 -
1975 $7,537 - $713 -
1974 $7,057 - $595 -
1973 $5,858 - $490 -
1972 $5,107 - $427 -
1971 $4,535 - $368 -
1970 $4,136 - $338 -
1969 $3,776 - $287.7 -
1968 $3,473 - $259.6 -
1967 $3,226 - $256.2 -
1966 $3,055 - $250.9 -
1965 $2,777 - $233.2 -
1964 $2,562 - $277.3 -
1963 $2,380 - $262.2 -
1962 $2,274 - $236.8 -
1961 $2,246 - $193.9 -
1960 $2,265 - $205.7 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/dominican-republic | CC BY

Canada's GDP per capita is $54,340, ranking 20/197, compared to $10,876 in the Dominican Republic, ranking 83/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Canada ranks 28th at $64,610, while the Dominican Republic ranks 76th at $27,542.

Economic indicators

Canada Dominican Republic
Gross domestic product
$2.24T
2024
$124B
2024
GDP rank
9/197
2024
63/197
2024
GDP growth
1.55%
2023-2024
4.95%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$54,340
2024
$10,876
2024
GDP per capita rank
20/197
2024
83/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$64,610
2024
$27,542
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
28/197
2024
76/197
2024
Government debt
$2.5T
2024
$73.1B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
111.3%
2024
58.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$60,482
2024
$6,394
2024
Government debt per person rank
4/185
2024
71/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$37,320
2026
$6,547
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$3.37T
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
2,098,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
76
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.1%
2021
29.5%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
3.3%
2021
2.3%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.7%
2024
19.5%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.38%
2023-2024
3.3%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
5.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.35%
2024
5.31%
2024
Population
42181965
11637906

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Canada
Spending

Debt
Dominican Republic
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Canada Dominican Republic
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 44.7% 111.3% 19.5% 58.8%
2023 42.1% 107.7% 19.1% 60.5%
2022 40.6% 104.2% 18.5% 59.6%
2021 45.5% 112.6% 18.4% 62.8%
2020 52.4% 118.1% 22.2% 71.8%
2019 40.6% 90.2% 17.8% 53.5%
2018 40.7% 90.8% 16.5% 50.8%
2017 40.5% 90.9% 17.3% 49.5%
2016 40.8% 92.4% 17% 46.7%
2015 40% 92% 16.7% 44.8%
2014 38.4% 85.5% 17% 45%
2013 40% 87.6% 18.5% 46.8%
2012 40.9% 87.2% 19.8% 42.4%
2011 41.6% 84.3% 16% 39.1%
2010 43.1% 84% 16.1% 37.4%
2009 43.4% 81.8% 16.2% 36.8%
2008 38.8% 70.4% 18.5% 33.6%
2007 38.5% 67.2% 16.3% 32.9%
2006 38.7% 69.9% 17% 36%
2005 38.5% 70.6% 15.5% 38.3%
2004 39.1% 71.9% 17.3% 34.3%
2003 40.3% 75.9% 17.2% 48.2%
2002 40.4% 79.6% 16.5% 21.5%
2001 41.1% 81.5% 14.9% 20.4%
2000 40.6% 80.4% 14.1% 16.7%
1999 41.8% 89% 13.4% 16%
1998 43.4% 93.3% 12.6% 13.2%
1997 43.5% 95.3% 13.2% 13.8%
1996 45.9% 100.2% 11.4% 23%
1995 47.7% 100.1% 11% 25.7%
1994 49% 97.5% 12.1% 28.5%
1993 51.5% 94.7% 13% 36.1%
1992 52.5% 88.2% 10.4% 38.5%
1991 51.4% 81.7% 8.65% 47.3%
1990 48.1% 73.7% 9.1% 84.7%
1989 45.8% 72.2% 11.3% 62.5%
1988 45.4% 71.1% 12.8% 77%
1987 46.1% 71.4% 11.2% 86.9%
1986 47.6% 71% 10.4% 63.8%
1985 48.3% 66.9% 9.8% 66.3%
1984 47.5% 61.7% 9.32% 28.9%
1983 47.9% 58.4% 10.2% 32.9%
1982 47.3% 52.7% 10.2% 33.1%
1981 42.5% 46.9% 12.1% 29.8%
1980 41.6% 45.6% 12.8% 15.2%
1979 40% 45.3% 13.8% 24%
1978 41.6% 48% 12.3% 20.9%
1977 41.4% 45.1% 11.4% 16.4%
1976 40.2% 43.6% 12.5% 15.6%
1975 41.1% 45.2% 13.7% 13.1%
1974 37.6% 45.8% 14.6% 14.6%
1973 36% 48% 13.7% 14.6%
1972 37.5% 53.5% 14.1% 16.4%
1971 37.3% 55.3% 13.8% 17.8%
1970 36% 54.3% 13.3% 18%
1969 33.9% 53% 15.5% 17.4%
1968 33.8% 55.9% 15.5% 18.1%
1967 32.9% 56.9% 15% 16.2%
1966 30.8% 56.6% 15.2% 14.5%
1965 29.8% 60.1% 12.8% -
1964 29.7% 63.7% 16.7% -
1963 30.3% 67% 15.1% -
1962 30.6% 67.2% 15.7% -
1961 30.6% 68.2% 20% -
1960 14.9% 66.1% 20.1% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/dominican-republic | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government spending was $1T, accounting for 44.7% of its GDP, while the Dominican Republic spent $24.2B, or 19.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 111.3% in Canada and 58.8% in the Dominican Republic, ranking 15/185 and 83/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Canada

Dominican Republic
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Canada Dominican Republic
2024 -2.01% -3.09%
2023 0.07% -3.28%
2022 0.56% -3.25%
2021 -3.06% -2.92%
2020 -10.9% -7.94%
2019 -0.02% -3.46%
2018 0.36% -2.17%
2017 -0.11% -3.12%
2016 -0.45% -3.11%
2015 -0.06% -0.03%
2014 0.17% -2.76%
2013 -1.49% -4.41%
2012 -2.52% -6.26%
2011 -3.31% -3.07%
2010 -4.74% -2.97%
2009 -3.88% -2.9%
2008 0.18% -3.43%
2007 1.82% 0.28%
2006 1.83% -1.69%
2005 1.55% -0.71%
2004 0.77% -3.6%
2003 -0.13% -4.24%
2002 -0.23% -2.28%
2001 0.53% -0.73%
2000 2.64% -0.86%
1999 1.66% -0.79%
1998 0.14% -0.29%
1997 0.04% -0.64%
1996 -3.05% 0.14%
1995 -5.49% 0.82%
1994 -6.94% -0.39%
1993 -8.93% -0.16%
1992 -9.2% 2.35%
1991 -8.36% 0.11%
1990 -5.91% 0.39%
1989 -4.6% -0.09%
1988 -4.33% -1.68%
1987 -5.42% -0.75%
1986 -7.14% -0.57%
1985 -8.59% -1.27%
1984 -7.78% -0.95%
1983 -8.17% -1.74%
1982 -7.03% -2.4%
1981 -2.83% -1.92%
1980 -4.07% -1.82%
1979 -3.41% -3.26%
1978 -4.77% -0.82%
1977 -4.1% 0.15%
1976 -2.78% -0.22%
1975 -3.54% 1.37%
1974 1.1% -0.93%
1973 0.6% -0.53%
1972 -0.97% -1.73%
1971 -1.02% -0.85%
1970 -0.36% -0.68%
1969 1.2% -0.99%
1968 -0.45% -0.99%
1967 -0.82% -1.68%
1966 -0.07% -2.14%
1965 -0.25% -1.84%
1964 -0.68% -1.36%
1963 -2.31% -0.39%
1962 -2.6% -1.17%
1961 -2.75% -3%
1960 -0.85% -0.61%
1959 -1.08% -0.29%
1958 -1.69% -1.29%
1957 -0.11% 0.21%
1956 0.77% -0.05%
1955 -0.11% 1.47%
1954 -0.57% 1.43%
1953 0.3% 2.79%
1952 0.09% 0%
1951 1.1% -2.58%
1950 1.09% -3.66%
1949 0.78% -
1948 3.84% -
1947 5.02% -
1946 3.14% -
1945 -17.9% -
1944 -21.6% -
1943 -23.1% -
1942 -20.8% -
1941 -4.79% -
1940 -5.62% -
1939 -2.11% -
1938 -0.97% -
1937 -0.34% -
1936 -1.68% -
1935 -3.72% -
1934 -2.93% -
1933 -3.83% -
1932 -5.79% -
1931 -2.43% -
1930 -1.47% -
1929 0.78% -
1928 1.12% -
1927 0.92% -
1926 0.81% -
1925 0.55% -
1924 0.007% -
1923 0.79% -
1922 -0.75% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -1.82% -
1919 -8.94% -
1918 -8.98% -
1917 -7.83% -
1916 -8.14% -
1915 -6.17% -
1914 -4.63% -
1913 -0.82% -
1912 1.03% -
1911 0.004% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 -0.67% -
1908 -2.78% -
1907 -0.83% -
1906 0.22% -
1905 -0.07% -
1904 -0.44% -
1903 0.07% -
1902 0.91% -
1901 -0.34% -
1900 -0.33% -
1899 0.1% -
1898 -0.3% -
1897 -0.35% -
1896 -0.48% -
1895 -0.85% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 -0.66% -
1892 -0.07% -
1891 3.23% -
1890 -0.04% -
1889 0% -
1888 -0.48% -
1887 -1.18% -
1886 -0.73% -
1885 -4.82% -
1884 -2.43% -
1883 -3.88% -
1882 -0.78% -
1881 0.32% -
1880 -0.62% -
1879 -2.11% -
1878 -0.63% -
1877 -1.63% -
1876 -2.06% -
1875 -1.88% -
1874 -1.57% -
1873 -1.74% -
1872 -3.93% -
1871 -1.09% -
1870 0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/dominican-republic | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $45.2B, equivalent to 2.01% of GDP. This compares to the Dominican Republic's deficit of $3.84B, or 3.09% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Canada recorded a fiscal deficit in 48 of those years, while the Dominican Republic ran a deficit in 57 years. On average, Canada posted an annual deficit equal to 2.42% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.62% of GDP for the Dominican Republic.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Canada

Dominican Republic
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Canada Dominican Republic
2024 2.38% 3.3%
2023 3.88% 4.79%
2022 6.8% 8.81%
2021 3.4% 8.24%
2020 0.72% 3.78%
2019 1.95% 1.81%
2018 2.27% 3.56%
2017 1.6% 3.28%
2016 1.43% 1.61%
2015 1.13% 0.84%
2014 1.91% 3%
2013 0.94% 4.83%
2012 1.52% 3.69%
2011 2.91% 5.8%
2010 1.78% 6.33%
2009 0.3% 1.44%
2008 2.37% 10.6%
2007 2.14% 6.14%
2006 2% 7.57%
2005 2.21% 4.19%
2004 1.86% 51.5%
2003 2.76% 27.4%
2002 2.26% 5.22%
2001 2.53% 8.88%
2000 2.72% 7.72%
1999 1.73% 6.47%
1998 1% 4.83%
1997 1.62% 8.3%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/dominican-republic | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Canada has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.15%, compared with 7.64% in the Dominican Republic. In 2024, inflation was 2.38% in Canada and 3.3% in the Dominican Republic.

Top exports between countries

Canada
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $81.8M
Machinery & equipment $46.7M
Animal & marine products $35.7M
Chemicals & pharma $14.9M
Wood & paper products $6.54M
Metals $4.73M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.7M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.85M
Miscellaneous $2.41M
Raw materials & minerals $2.15M
Dominican Republic
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $118M
Raw materials & minerals $35.1M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $17.2M
Chemicals & pharma $16.8M
Machinery & equipment $13.3M
Raw agricultural goods $11.6M
Textiles & consumer goods $6.16M
Metals $894K
Animal & marine products $770K
Wood & paper products $420K

Balance of trade

Canada Dominican Republic
Current account balance
-$10.3B
2024
-$4.17B
2024
Current account balance ranking
177/190
2024
163/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.46%
2024
-3.35%
2024
Goods imports
$574B
2024
$29.8B
2024
Goods exports
$569B
2024
$13.9B
2024
Service imports
$160B
2024
$6.34B
2024
Service exports
$159B
2024
$14.7B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.7%
2024
29%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.4%
2024
22.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Canada Dominican Republic
Economic freedom 75.6 63.8
Economic freedom ranking 17/197 77/197
Property rights 85.9 53.9
Government integrity 85.5 39.8
Judicial effectiveness 96 58
Tax burden 74.7 84.4
Government spending 45.9 89.1
Fiscal health 79.7 76.6
Business freedom 84.2 71.4
Labor freedom 68.3 53.2
Monetary freedom 73.8 72.1
Trade freedom 83.2 67.4
Investment freedom 60 60
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Canada
Dominican Republic
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Canada Dominican Republic
2026 75.6 63.8
2025 75.5 64.3
2024 72.4 62.9
2023 73.7 62.6
2022 76.6 63
2021 77.9 62.1
2020 78.2 60.9
2019 77.7 61
2018 77.7 61.6
2017 78.5 62.9
2016 78 61
2015 79.1 61
2014 80.2 61.3
2013 79.4 59.7
2012 79.9 60.2
2011 80.8 60
2010 80.4 60.3
2009 80.5 59.2
2008 80.2 57.7
2007 78 56.8
2006 77.4 56.3
2005 75.8 55.1
2004 75.3 54.6
2003 74.8 57.8
2002 74.6 58.6
2001 71.2 59.1
2000 70.5 59
1999 69.3 58.1
1998 68.5 58.1
1997 67.9 53.5
1996 70.3 58.1
1995 69.4 55.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/dominican-republic | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Canada is 75.6, ranking 17/197, compared to 63.8 for the Dominican Republic, ranking 77/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Canada Dominican Republic
Services, % of GDP
66.4%
2021
59.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.3%
2021
28.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.6%
2021
4.45%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.2T
2024
$117B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,630
2024
$26,050
2024
Total reserves including gold
$120B
2024
$13.5B
2024
Total reserves ranking
23/177
2024
71/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$27.8B
2024
-$4.52B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$63.1B
2024
$4.48B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.4B
2024
-$47.3M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
5.62%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2020
19%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
27%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/dominican-republic | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.