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Economy of Bolivia vs India compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Bolivia has a GDP of $54.9B compared to $3.91T for India, ranking 88/197 and 5/197 by economy size, respectively.

Bolivia has $53.8B in government debt (98% of GDP), compared to $3.19T (81.6% of GDP) in India.

Bolivia vs India GDP by year

Bolivia
India
1x
Year GDP, current $
Bolivia India
2024 $54,881,327,453 $3,909,891,533,858
2023 $52,340,206,946 $3,638,489,096,034
2022 $50,959,081,954 $3,346,107,287,731
2021 $47,877,892,402 $3,167,270,623,260
2020 $42,313,784,081 $2,674,851,578,587
2019 $49,056,643,589 $2,835,606,256,558
2018 $48,414,038,842 $2,702,929,641,649
2017 $45,927,439,595 $2,651,474,262,755
2016 $33,941,126,194 $2,294,796,885,663
2015 $33,000,198,249 $2,103,588,360,045
2014 $32,996,188,017 $2,039,126,479,155
2013 $30,659,338,886 $1,856,721,507,622
2012 $27,084,497,482 $1,827,637,590,410
2011 $23,963,164,697 $1,823,051,829,895
2010 $19,649,723,722 $1,675,615,519,485
2009 $17,339,992,194 $1,341,888,016,995
2008 $16,674,276,286 $1,198,895,139,006
2007 $13,120,108,008 $1,216,736,438,835
2006 $11,451,844,902 $940,259,888,788
2005 $9,549,122,905 $820,383,763,511
2004 $8,773,451,752 $709,152,728,831
2003 $8,082,399,640 $607,700,687,237
2002 $7,905,485,146 $514,939,140,319
2001 $8,141,516,928 $485,440,139,204
2000 $8,397,855,485 $468,395,521,654
1999 $8,285,064,435 $458,821,052,616
1998 $8,497,494,652 $421,351,317,225
1997 $7,925,736,821 $415,867,563,593
1996 $7,396,949,126 $392,896,866,205
1995 $6,715,161,732 $360,281,909,643
1994 $5,981,222,859 $327,274,843,459
1993 $5,734,699,489 $279,295,648,983
1992 $5,643,868,749 $288,208,070,278
1991 $5,343,262,457 $270,105,341,879
1990 $4,867,582,598 $320,979,026,420
1989 $4,715,973,437 $296,042,052,945
1988 $4,597,612,362 $296,589,670,896
1987 $4,347,956,338 $279,033,584,092
1986 $3,959,382,833 $248,985,994,041
1985 $5,377,276,555 $232,511,554,840
1984 $6,169,483,225 $212,157,645,178
1983 $5,422,656,823 $218,262,146,413
1982 $5,594,126,369 $200,715,624,831
1981 $5,891,598,695 $193,491,368,446
1980 $4,537,479,608 $186,328,579,302
1979 $4,421,336,383 $152,995,442,498
1978 $3,758,220,890 $137,302,319,829
1977 $3,227,436,282 $121,486,641,441
1976 $2,731,984,008 $102,716,451,980
1975 $2,404,697,651 $98,473,832,017
1974 $2,100,249,875 $99,526,597,934
1973 $1,262,968,516 $85,517,673,173
1972 $1,257,615,645 $71,464,700,667
1971 $1,095,622,896 $67,351,404,352
1970 $1,017,003,367 $62,422,483,055
1969 $929,629,630 $58,447,995,017
1968 $857,912,458 $53,085,455,871
1967 $755,808,081 $50,134,942,204
1966 $669,191,919 $45,581,230,504
1965 $604,377,104 $59,556,105,229
1964 $544,023,569 $56,480,289,941
1963 $482,828,283 $48,421,923,459
1962 $448,400,673 $42,161,481,858
1961 $410,101,010 $39,232,435,784
1960 $377,020,202 $37,029,883,876

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/india | CC BY

GDP per capita in Bolivia vs India by year

Bolivia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Bolivia India
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $4,421 $12,878 $2,695 $11,160
2023 $4,275 $12,892 $2,530 $10,323
2022 $4,219 $12,307 $2,347 $9,207
2021 $4,011 $11,202 $2,240 $8,050
2020 $3,581 $9,581 $1,907 $6,966
2019 $4,203 $11,005 $2,041 $7,151
2018 $4,207 $10,758 $1,966 $6,715
2017 $4,048 $10,420 $1,950 $6,145
2016 $3,036 $9,242 $1,708 $5,800
2015 $2,996 $8,757 $1,584 $5,425
2014 $3,041 $8,629 $1,554 $5,192
2013 $2,870 $8,069 $1,433 $5,014
2012 $2,576 $7,184 $1,429 $4,820
2011 $2,316 $6,598 $1,445 $4,455
2010 $1,930 $6,245 $1,348 $4,206
2009 $1,731 $6,024 $1,095 $3,887
2008 $1,693 $5,890 $993 $3,633
2007 $1,355 $5,537 $1,022 $3,508
2006 $1,203 $5,244 $802 $3,221
2005 $1,020 $4,938 $710 $2,937
2004 $953 $4,663 $624 $2,682
2003 $893 $4,433 $544 $2,461
2002 $888 $4,304 $469 $2,277
2001 $930 $4,205 $450 $2,200
2000 $976 $4,113 $443 $2,091
1999 $979 $3,991 $442 $2,006
1998 $1,022 $3,988 $414 $1,852
1997 $970 $3,822 $416 $1,759
1996 $922 $3,645 $401 $1,695
1995 $853 $3,494 $375 $1,579
1994 $774 $3,331 $348 $1,467
1993 $757 $3,177 $303 $1,374
1992 $760 $3,036 $319 $1,309
1991 $734 $2,981 $306 $1,239
1990 $683 $2,797 $371 $1,212
1989 $675 - $350 -
1988 $673 - $358 -
1987 $650 - $345 -
1986 $604 - $315 -
1985 $838 - $301 -
1984 $982 - $281 -
1983 $882 - $296 -
1982 $930 - $278.7 -
1981 $1,001 - $275 -
1980 $788 - $271.1 -
1979 $785 - $228 -
1978 $683 - $209.4 -
1977 $600 - $189.6 -
1976 $520 - $164.1 -
1975 $468 - $161.1 -
1974 $418 - $166.7 -
1973 $257.2 - $146.6 -
1972 $261.9 - $125.3 -
1971 $233.4 - $120.7 -
1970 $221.6 - $114.4 -
1969 $207.1 - $109.5 -
1968 $195.5 - $101.6 -
1967 $176.1 - $98 -
1966 $159.3 - $91 -
1965 $147.1 - $121.5 -
1964 $135.2 - $117.9 -
1963 $122.6 - $103.4 -
1962 $116.2 - $92.2 -
1961 $108.5 - $87.9 -
1960 $101.8 - $84.9 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/india | CC BY

Bolivia's GDP per capita is $4,421, ranking 125/197, compared to $2,695 in India, ranking 143/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Bolivia ranks 122nd at $12,878, while India ranks 130th at $11,160.

Economic indicators

Bolivia India
Gross domestic product
$54.9B
2024
$3.91T
2024
GDP rank
88/197
2024
5/197
2024
GDP growth
-1.12%
2023-2024
6.49%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$4,421
2024
$2,695
2024
GDP per capita rank
125/197
2024
143/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$12,878
2024
$11,160
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
122/197
2024
130/197
2024
Government debt
$53.8B
2024
$3.19T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
98%
2024
81.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$4,331
2024
$2,200
2024
Government debt per person rank
88/185
2024
118/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,720
2026
$4,596
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$5.13T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
917,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
205
2025
Income share by richest 10%
31.3%
2023
22.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
1.8%
2023
4.5%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
39.8%
2024
28.4%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
5.1%
2023-2024
4.95%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
3.26%
2025
5.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
2.73%
2024
4.17%
2024
Population
12798112
1480351380

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Bolivia
Spending

Debt
India
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Bolivia India
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 39.8% 98% 28.4% 81.6%
2023 38.7% 90.8% 27.9% 80.7%
2022 36% 80.1% 29.1% 82.2%
2021 34.8% 81.4% 29.9% 83.5%
2020 36.8% 78% 31% 88.4%
2019 36.1% 58.6% 26.8% 75.1%
2018 37.7% 53.1% 26.3% 70.4%
2017 38.6% 51.3% 26.2% 69.7%
2016 40% 46.5% 27.2% 68.9%
2015 44.5% 40.9% 27.1% 69%
2014 41.2% 37.6% 26.2% 67.1%
2013 35.4% 36.1% 26.6% 67.7%
2012 36% 35.4% 27.4% 68%
2011 35.4% 35.3% 27.6% 68.7%
2010 31.5% 37.6% 28% 67.7%
2009 33.2% 39.2% 28.5% 72.7%
2008 35.3% 36.8% 29.3% 74.3%
2007 32.7% 40% 26.9% 75.4%
2006 29.8% 54.4% 26.9% 77.9%
2005 33.2% 82.2% 26.9% 82.4%
2004 32.3% 89.8% 28.4% 84.9%
2003 32% 95.6% 29.9% 85.9%
2002 33.3% 86.7% 29.1% 84.3%
2001 32% 83% 28.3% 80.1%
2000 29.3% 74.3% 26.1% 74.9%
1999 29.4% 61.7% 25.8% 71.3%
1998 30% 61.2% 26% 69.3%
1997 28.3% 64.6% 25.2% 69%
1996 26% 72.4% 24.4% 67.1%
1995 25.8% 81.7% 25% 70.9%
1994 26.8% 87.6% 26.2% 74.8%
1993 27.2% 83.8% 26.2% 78.3%
1992 25.3% 92.4% 26.7% 78.8%
1991 24.2% 92.8% 27.3% 76.7%
1990 22.8% 102.9% 25.8% 50.8%
1989 24.4% 98% 25.7% 50.5%
1988 24% 115.9% 24.9% 48.9%
1987 24.4% 145.3% 22.5% 48.9%
1986 22.2% 149% 23.2% 47.9%
1985 21.8% 205.2% 21.6% 44.3%
1984 29% 166.5% 19.8% 41.6%
1983 32.1% 157.3% 17.8% 39.6%
1982 25% 155.4% 17.8% 41.7%
1981 16.6% 121.7% 16.6% 37.2%
1980 19.8% 100% 17.5% 38%
1979 18% 92% 15.6% 32.2%
1978 17.3% 82.5% 15% 30.8%
1977 18.6% 82.4% 13.9% 29.9%
1976 16.8% 68.9% 14.4% 31.3%
1975 14.4% 56.2% 12.7% 29.5%
1974 14.2% 52.7% 11.3% 29%
1973 14.1% 80.9% 12.9% 34.1%
1972 11.8% 77.7% 13.5% 37.2%
1971 11.3% 65.7% 12.4% 37.6%
1970 10% 63.9% 11.7% 38.1%
1969 12.3% - 11.5% 38.8%
1968 14.1% - 12.6% 40.3%
1967 13.1% - 13.8% 38.5%
1966 12.9% - 13.8% 36.2%
1965 12.9% - 13.7% 36.8%
1964 10.8% - 13.2% 33.8%
1963 10.8% - 12.3% 35.5%
1962 10.2% - 11.5% 36.2%
1961 10.7% - 11.8% 38.7%
1960 10.1% - 11.2% 36.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/india | CC BY

In 2024, Bolivia's government spending was $21.9B, accounting for 39.8% of its GDP, while India spent $1.11T, or 28.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 98% in Bolivia and 81.6% in India, ranking 26/185 and 43/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Bolivia

India
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Bolivia India
2024 -10.6% -7.9%
2023 -10.9% -7.4%
2022 -7.12% -8.97%
2021 -9.33% -9.45%
2020 -12.7% -12.9%
2019 -7.25% -7.69%
2018 -8.17% -6.34%
2017 -7.86% -6.23%
2016 -7.24% -7.12%
2015 -6.93% -7.21%
2014 -3.41% -7.07%
2013 0.6% -7%
2012 1.72% -7.55%
2011 0.83% -8.35%
2010 1.62% -8.79%
2009 2.63% -9.7%
2008 3.53% -9.17%
2007 -1.54% -4.59%
2006 4.47% -6.38%
2005 -2.24% -7.49%
2004 -5.54% -9.22%
2003 -7.88% -11.4%
2002 -8.79% -11.1%
2001 -6.82% -11%
2000 -3.73% -8.41%
1999 -3.84% -8.7%
1998 -5.1% -9.74%
1997 -3.28% -8.28%
1996 -1.9% -6.71%
1995 -1.82% -6.81%
1994 -3% -8%
1993 -6.1% -8.57%
1992 -4.4% -7.89%
1991 -4.2% -7.9%
1990 -4.4% -8.07%
1989 -5.5% -7.68%
1988 -6.5% -7.01%
1987 -7.7% -9.53%
1986 -2.7% -10.6%
1985 -9.8% -9.58%
1984 -25.4% -8.54%
1983 -19.8% -7.28%
1982 -15.9% -6.78%
1981 -12.3% -6.07%
1980 -15.3% -7.27%
1979 -11.2% -4.87%
1978 -9.97% -4.45%
1977 -11.2% -4.1%
1976 -1.15% -4.1%
1975 -2.33% -3.11%
1974 -1.87% -2.3%
1973 -3.72% -3.53%
1972 -3.69% -3.14%
1971 -3.67% -2.9%
1970 -1.92% -2.35%
1969 -4.16% -2.66%
1968 -5.67% -3.98%
1967 -4.29% -4.97%
1966 -3.55% -4.18%
1965 -4.12% -4.49%
1964 -2.68% -4.41%
1963 -3.02% -4.16%
1962 -2.8% -3.3%
1961 -2.81% -4.1%
1960 -3.35% -4.05%
1959 -4.32% -5.29%
1958 -2.95% -5.08%
1957 -1.11% -3.35%
1956 -0.11% -2.93%
1955 0.33% -2.77%
1954 0.006% -2.61%
1953 -0.48% -1.83%
1952 -0.94% 0.03%
1951 -0.42% -0.5%
1950 -1.17% -1.01%
1949 - -0.73%
1948 - -0.82%
1947 - -0.86%
1946 - -2.89%
1945 - -4.4%
1944 - -3.32%
1943 - -3.48%
1942 - -3.62%
1941 - -0.37%
1940 - -0.59%
1939 - -0.32%
1938 - -0.16%
1937 - -0.1%
1936 - -0.45%
1935 - -0.4%
1934 - -0.09%
1933 - 0%
1932 - 0.03%
1931 - -0.68%
1930 - -1.02%
1929 - -0.91%
1928 - -0.87%
1927 - -0.98%
1926 - -0.88%
1925 - -0.67%
1924 - -0.3%
1923 - -0.66%
1922 - -1.05%
1921 - -1.45%
1920 - -1.57%
1919 - -1.04%
1918 - -0.48%
1917 - -5.69%
1916 - 0.25%
1915 - -0.51%
1914 - -0.98%
1913 - -0.85%
1912 - -0.58%
1911 - -0.42%
1910 - -0.85%
1909 - -0.7%
1908 - -1.25%
1907 - -1.22%
1906 - -0.8%
1905 - -2%
1904 - -0.53%
1903 - -0.56%
1902 - -0.56%
1901 - -0.27%
1900 - -1.06%
1899 - -0.56%
1898 - -0.49%
1897 - -1.02%
1896 - -1%
1895 - -0.41%
1894 - -0.5%
1893 - -0.59%
1892 - -0.56%
1891 - -0.64%
1890 - -0.8%
1889 - -0.45%
1888 - -1.94%
1887 - -1.28%
1886 - -0.75%
1885 - -1.48%
1884 - -1.22%
1883 - -0.81%
1882 - -0.77%
1881 - -0.05%
1880 - -0.69%
1879 - -0.39%
1878 - -0.12%
1877 - -0.84%
1876 - -0.8%
1875 - -0.87%
1874 - -0.15%
1873 - -0.28%
1872 - 0.31%
1871 - 0.42%
1870 - 0.19%
1869 - 0.01%
1868 - -0.38%
1867 - -0.12%
1866 - -0.31%
1865 - 0.21%
1864 - -0.11%
1863 - -0.06%
1862 - 0.15%
1861 - -0.16%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/india | CC BY

In 2024, Bolivia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $5.83B, equivalent to 10.6% of GDP. This compares to India's deficit of $309B, or 7.9% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Bolivia recorded a fiscal deficit in 58 of those years, while India ran a deficit in 65 years. On average, Bolivia posted an annual deficit equal to 5.52% of GDP, compared to deficit of 6.84% of GDP for India.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Bolivia

India
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Bolivia India
2024 5.1% 4.95%
2023 2.58% 5.65%
2022 1.75% 6.7%
2021 0.74% 5.13%
2020 0.94% 6.62%
2019 1.84% 3.73%
2018 2.27% 3.94%
2017 2.82% 3.33%
2016 3.62% 4.95%
2015 4.06% 4.91%
2014 5.77% 6.67%
2013 5.74% 10%
2012 4.52% 9.48%
2011 9.88% 8.91%
2010 2.5% 12%
2009 3.35% 10.9%
2008 14% 8.35%
2007 8.71% 6.37%
2006 4.28% 5.8%
2005 5.39% 4.25%
2004 4.44% 3.77%
2003 3.34% 3.81%
2002 0.93% 4.3%
2001 1.59% 3.78%
2000 4.61% 4.01%
1999 2.16% 4.67%
1998 7.67% 13.2%
1997 4.71% 7.16%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/india | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Bolivia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.26%, compared with 6.33% in India. In 2024, inflation was 5.1% in Bolivia and 4.95% in India.

Top exports between countries

Bolivia
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $363M
Raw materials & minerals $6.31M
Metals $575K
Animal & marine products $421K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $147K
Wood & paper products $144K
Machinery & equipment $37K
Miscellaneous $4K
Chemicals & pharma $3K
Textiles & consumer goods $1K
India
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $32M
Chemicals & pharma $27.2M
Raw materials & minerals $4.34M
Raw agricultural goods $1.35M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.01M
Miscellaneous $654K
Metals $300K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $240K
Wood & paper products $106K
Weapons & explosives $59K

Balance of trade

Bolivia India
Current account balance
-$1.41B
2024
-$32.1B
2024
Current account balance ranking
132/190
2024
186/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.56%
2024
-0.82%
2024
Goods imports
$9.15B
2024
$727B
2024
Goods exports
$8.93B
2024
$447B
2024
Service imports
$2.35B
2024
$197B
2024
Service exports
$1.14B
2024
$375B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
25.5%
2024
23.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
21.4%
2024
21.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Bolivia India
Economic freedom 42.4 52.5
Economic freedom ranking 184/197 146/197
Property rights 20.2 48.3
Government integrity 27.1 37.8
Judicial effectiveness 29.5 52.6
Tax burden 86.4 71.2
Government spending 56.3 75.7
Fiscal health 0.8 6.7
Business freedom 53.6 67.4
Labor freedom 52.2 59
Monetary freedom 67.1 70.9
Trade freedom 60.6 61
Investment freedom 15 40
Financial freedom 40 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Bolivia
India
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Bolivia India
2026 42.4 52.5
2025 44.1 53
2024 43.5 52.9
2023 43.4 52.9
2022 43 53.9
2021 42.7 56.5
2020 42.8 56.5
2019 42.3 55.2
2018 44.1 54.5
2017 47.7 52.6
2016 47.4 56.2
2015 46.8 54.6
2014 48.4 55.7
2013 47.9 55.2
2012 50.2 54.6
2011 50 54.6
2010 49.4 53.8
2009 53.6 54.4
2008 53.1 54.1
2007 54.2 53.9
2006 57.8 52.2
2005 58.4 54.2
2004 64.5 51.5
2003 64.3 51.2
2002 65.1 51.2
2001 68 49
2000 65 47.4
1999 65.6 50.2
1998 68.8 49.7
1997 65.1 49.7
1996 65.2 47.4
1995 56.8 45.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/india | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Bolivia is 42.4, ranking 184/197, compared to 52.5 for India, ranking 146/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Bolivia India
Services, % of GDP
53.4%
2024
49.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
31.3%
2024
24.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
8.83%
2024
16.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$51.7B
2024
$3.84T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$12,620
2024
$11,000
2024
Total reserves including gold
$1.98B
2024
$643B
2024
Total reserves ranking
127/177
2024
5/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$113M
2024
-$2.89B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$387M
2024
$27.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$133M
2024
$24.2B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.41%
2024
2.38%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
36.5%
2023
21.9%
2011
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
32.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/india | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.