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Economy of Ecuador vs India compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Ecuador has a GDP of $125B compared to $3.91T for India, ranking 62/197 and 5/197 by economy size, respectively.

Ecuador has $67B in government debt (53.8% of GDP), compared to $3.19T (81.6% of GDP) in India.

Ecuador vs India GDP by year

Ecuador
India
1x
Year GDP, current $
Ecuador India
2024 $124,676,074,700 $3,909,891,533,858
2023 $121,147,057,000 $3,638,489,096,034
2022 $116,133,121,000 $3,346,107,287,731
2021 $107,179,074,000 $3,167,270,623,260
2020 $95,865,473,000 $2,674,851,578,587
2019 $107,595,830,000 $2,835,606,256,558
2018 $107,478,961,000 $2,702,929,641,649
2017 $104,467,486,000 $2,651,474,262,755
2016 $97,671,433,000 $2,294,796,885,663
2015 $97,209,558,000 $2,103,588,360,045
2014 $102,717,794,000 $2,039,126,479,155
2013 $96,570,334,000 $1,856,721,507,622
2012 $87,735,048,000 $1,827,637,590,410
2011 $78,986,648,000 $1,823,051,829,895
2010 $68,151,329,000 $1,675,615,519,485
2009 $60,094,978,000 $1,341,888,016,995
2008 $61,139,438,000 $1,198,895,139,006
2007 $49,848,725,000 $1,216,736,438,835
2006 $45,690,762,000 $940,259,888,788
2005 $40,278,849,000 $820,383,763,511
2004 $35,194,947,000 $709,152,728,831
2003 $30,965,208,000 $607,700,687,237
2002 $27,054,197,000 $514,939,140,319
2001 $23,127,055,000 $485,440,139,204
2000 $17,539,454,727 $468,395,521,654
1999 $19,645,272,636 $458,821,052,616
1998 $27,981,896,948 $421,351,317,225
1997 $28,162,053,027 $415,867,563,593
1996 $25,226,393,197 $392,896,866,205
1995 $24,432,884,442 $360,281,909,643
1994 $22,708,673,337 $327,274,843,459
1993 $18,938,717,359 $279,295,648,983
1992 $18,094,238,119 $288,208,070,278
1991 $16,988,535,268 $270,105,341,879
1990 $15,239,272,612 $320,979,026,420
1989 $13,890,823,705 $296,042,052,945
1988 $13,051,881,851 $296,589,670,896
1987 $13,945,426,859 $279,033,584,092
1986 $15,314,138,472 $248,985,994,041
1985 $17,149,088,413 $232,511,554,840
1984 $16,912,509,092 $212,157,645,178
1983 $17,152,477,037 $218,262,146,413
1982 $19,929,846,396 $200,715,624,831
1981 $21,810,759,354 $193,491,368,446
1980 $17,881,508,242 $186,328,579,302
1979 $14,175,160,902 $152,995,442,498
1978 $11,922,497,876 $137,302,319,829
1977 $11,026,342,618 $121,486,641,441
1976 $9,091,921,030 $102,716,451,980
1975 $7,731,674,472 $98,473,832,017
1974 $6,599,257,044 $99,526,597,934
1973 $3,891,754,150 $85,517,673,173
1972 $3,185,986,087 $71,464,700,667
1971 $2,754,219,271 $67,351,404,352
1970 $2,862,503,139 $62,422,483,055
1969 $3,112,165,727 $58,447,995,017
1968 $2,582,179,864 $53,085,455,871
1967 $2,553,595,172 $50,134,942,204
1966 $2,429,308,639 $45,581,230,504
1965 $2,387,047,396 $59,556,105,229
1964 $2,244,146,103 $56,480,289,941
1963 $1,824,343,871 $48,421,923,459
1962 $1,518,207,703 $42,161,481,858
1961 $1,753,850,955 $39,232,435,784
1960 $2,069,464,937 $37,029,883,876

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/india | CC BY

GDP per capita in Ecuador vs India by year

Ecuador
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Ecuador India
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $6,875 $15,840 $2,695 $11,160
2023 $6,738 $15,919 $2,530 $10,323
2022 $6,516 $15,198 $2,347 $9,207
2021 $6,061 $13,507 $2,240 $8,050
2020 $5,464 $11,527 $1,907 $6,966
2019 $6,205 $12,543 $2,041 $7,151
2018 $6,304 $12,187 $1,966 $6,715
2017 $6,233 $11,793 $1,950 $6,145
2016 $5,918 $10,881 $1,708 $5,800
2015 $5,976 $10,878 $1,584 $5,425
2014 $6,406 $11,836 $1,554 $5,192
2013 $6,109 $11,296 $1,433 $5,014
2012 $5,634 $10,245 $1,429 $4,820
2011 $5,154 $9,769 $1,445 $4,455
2010 $4,520 $8,969 $1,348 $4,206
2009 $4,053 $8,662 $1,095 $3,887
2008 $4,195 $8,663 $993 $3,633
2007 $3,479 $8,112 $1,022 $3,508
2006 $3,244 $7,885 $802 $3,221
2005 $2,909 $7,457 $710 $2,937
2004 $2,586 $6,980 $624 $2,682
2003 $2,316 $6,475 $544 $2,461
2002 $2,059 $6,282 $469 $2,277
2001 $1,791 $5,999 $450 $2,200
2000 $1,382 $5,728 $443 $2,091
1999 $1,575 $5,638 $442 $2,006
1998 $2,284 $5,940 $414 $1,852
1997 $2,341 $5,793 $416 $1,759
1996 $2,136 $5,560 $401 $1,695
1995 $2,108 $5,469 $375 $1,579
1994 $1,997 $5,339 $348 $1,467
1993 $1,698 $5,112 $303 $1,374
1992 $1,655 $4,998 $319 $1,309
1991 $1,587 $4,887 $306 $1,239
1990 $1,455 $4,632 $371 $1,212
1989 $1,356 - $350 -
1988 $1,304 - $358 -
1987 $1,426 - $345 -
1986 $1,604 - $315 -
1985 $1,842 - $301 -
1984 $1,864 - $281 -
1983 $1,940 - $296 -
1982 $2,314 - $278.7 -
1981 $2,601 - $275 -
1980 $2,190 - $271.1 -
1979 $1,783 - $228 -
1978 $1,541 - $209.4 -
1977 $1,465 - $189.6 -
1976 $1,242 - $164.1 -
1975 $1,086 - $161.1 -
1974 $954 - $166.7 -
1973 $579 - $146.6 -
1972 $488 - $125.3 -
1971 $434 - $120.7 -
1970 $465 - $114.4 -
1969 $521 - $109.5 -
1968 $445 - $101.6 -
1967 $454 - $98 -
1966 $445 - $91 -
1965 $450 - $121.5 -
1964 $436 - $117.9 -
1963 $365 - $103.4 -
1962 $312 - $92.2 -
1961 $371 - $87.9 -
1960 $451 - $84.9 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/india | CC BY

Ecuador's GDP per capita is $6,875, ranking 103/197, compared to $2,695 in India, ranking 143/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Ecuador ranks 110th at $15,840, while India ranks 130th at $11,160.

Economic indicators

Ecuador India
Gross domestic product
$125B
2024
$3.91T
2024
GDP rank
62/197
2024
5/197
2024
GDP growth
-2%
2023-2024
6.49%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$6,875
2024
$2,695
2024
GDP per capita rank
103/197
2024
143/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$15,840
2024
$11,160
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
110/197
2024
130/197
2024
Government debt
$67B
2024
$3.19T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
53.8%
2024
81.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$3,695
2024
$2,200
2024
Government debt per person rank
93/185
2024
118/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,894
2026
$4,596
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$747M
2000
$5.13T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
917,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
205
2025
Income share by richest 10%
33.4%
2024
22.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
1.5%
2024
4.5%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
38.1%
2024
28.4%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
1.55%
2023-2024
4.95%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
5.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.39%
2024
4.17%
2024
Population
18487749
1480351380

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Ecuador
Spending

Debt
India
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Ecuador India
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 38.1% 53.8% 28.4% 81.6%
2023 39.5% 54.3% 27.9% 80.7%
2022 38.9% 57.2% 29.1% 82.2%
2021 37.5% 61.8% 29.9% 83.5%
2020 40.2% 63.6% 31% 88.4%
2019 39.8% 52.1% 26.8% 75.1%
2018 40.9% 49.5% 26.3% 70.4%
2017 40.5% 47.4% 26.2% 69.7%
2016 44.1% 46.1% 27.2% 68.9%
2015 44.1% 36.4% 27.1% 69%
2014 45.9% 28.2% 26.2% 67.1%
2013 46.7% 23.4% 26.6% 67.7%
2012 43.2% 19.3% 27.4% 68%
2011 39.6% 18.6% 27.6% 68.7%
2010 35.4% 18.4% 28% 67.7%
2009 34.3% 19.7% 28.5% 72.7%
2008 35.6% 24.9% 29.3% 74.3%
2007 24.7% 29.6% 26.9% 75.4%
2006 21.7% 33.1% 26.9% 77.9%
2005 22% 35.8% 26.9% 82.4%
2004 21.3% 40.2% 28.4% 84.9%
2003 21.3% 47.2% 29.9% 85.9%
2002 22.8% 55% 29.1% 84.3%
2001 21.4% 63.8% 28.3% 80.1%
2000 24.3% 92.2% 26.1% 74.9%
1999 24.1% 105.2% 25.8% 71.3%
1998 21.5% 70.3% 26% 69.3%
1997 22% 61.5% 25.2% 69%
1996 22.7% 69.3% 24.4% 67.1%
1995 22% 70.5% 25% 70.9%
1994 - - 26.2% 74.8%
1993 - - 26.2% 78.3%
1992 - - 26.7% 78.8%
1991 - - 27.3% 76.7%
1990 - - 25.8% 50.8%
1989 - - 25.7% 50.5%
1988 - - 24.9% 48.9%
1987 - - 22.5% 48.9%
1986 - - 23.2% 47.9%
1985 - - 21.6% 44.3%
1984 - - 19.8% 41.6%
1983 - - 17.8% 39.6%
1982 - - 17.8% 41.7%
1981 - - 16.6% 37.2%
1980 - - 17.5% 38%
1979 - - 15.6% 32.2%
1978 - - 15% 30.8%
1977 - - 13.9% 29.9%
1976 - - 14.4% 31.3%
1975 - - 12.7% 29.5%
1974 - - 11.3% 29%
1973 - - 12.9% 34.1%
1972 - - 13.5% 37.2%
1971 - - 12.4% 37.6%
1970 - - 11.7% 38.1%
1969 - - 11.5% 38.8%
1968 - - 12.6% 40.3%
1967 - - 13.8% 38.5%
1966 - - 13.8% 36.2%
1965 - - 13.7% 36.8%
1964 - - 13.2% 33.8%
1963 - - 12.3% 35.5%
1962 - - 11.5% 36.2%
1961 - - 11.8% 38.7%
1960 - - 11.2% 36.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/india | CC BY

In 2024, Ecuador's government spending was $47.5B, accounting for 38.1% of its GDP, while India spent $1.11T, or 28.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 53.8% in Ecuador and 81.6% in India, ranking 98/185 and 43/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Ecuador

India
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Ecuador India
2024 -1.28% -7.9%
2023 -3.48% -7.4%
2022 0.04% -8.97%
2021 -1.59% -9.45%
2020 -7.38% -12.9%
2019 -3.47% -7.69%
2018 -2.8% -6.34%
2017 -5.77% -6.23%
2016 -10.3% -7.12%
2015 -6.87% -7.21%
2014 -8.11% -7.07%
2013 -8.17% -7%
2012 -2.83% -7.55%
2011 -0.13% -8.35%
2010 -1.39% -8.79%
2009 -3.71% -9.7%
2008 0.57% -9.17%
2007 2.66% -4.59%
2006 2.92% -6.38%
2005 0.66% -7.49%
2004 1.94% -9.22%
2003 1.05% -11.4%
2002 0.74% -11.1%
2001 0.03% -11%
2000 -0.32% -8.41%
1999 -4.82% -8.7%
1998 -5.1% -9.74%
1997 -2.83% -8.28%
1996 -3.44% -6.71%
1995 -2.02% -6.81%
1994 - -8%
1993 - -8.57%
1992 - -7.89%
1991 - -7.9%
1990 - -8.07%
1989 - -7.68%
1988 - -7.01%
1987 - -9.53%
1986 - -10.6%
1985 - -9.58%
1984 - -8.54%
1983 - -7.28%
1982 - -6.78%
1981 - -6.07%
1980 - -7.27%
1979 - -4.87%
1978 - -4.45%
1977 - -4.1%
1976 - -4.1%
1975 - -3.11%
1974 - -2.3%
1973 - -3.53%
1972 - -3.14%
1971 - -2.9%
1970 - -2.35%
1969 - -2.66%
1968 - -3.98%
1967 - -4.97%
1966 - -4.18%
1965 - -4.49%
1964 - -4.41%
1963 - -4.16%
1962 - -3.3%
1961 - -4.1%
1960 - -4.05%
1959 - -5.29%
1958 - -5.08%
1957 - -3.35%
1956 - -2.93%
1955 - -2.77%
1954 - -2.61%
1953 - -1.83%
1952 - 0.03%
1951 - -0.5%
1950 - -1.01%
1949 - -0.73%
1948 - -0.82%
1947 - -0.86%
1946 - -2.89%
1945 - -4.4%
1944 - -3.32%
1943 - -3.48%
1942 - -3.62%
1941 - -0.37%
1940 - -0.59%
1939 - -0.32%
1938 - -0.16%
1937 - -0.1%
1936 - -0.45%
1935 - -0.4%
1934 - -0.09%
1933 - 0%
1932 - 0.03%
1931 - -0.68%
1930 - -1.02%
1929 - -0.91%
1928 - -0.87%
1927 - -0.98%
1926 - -0.88%
1925 - -0.67%
1924 - -0.3%
1923 - -0.66%
1922 - -1.05%
1921 - -1.45%
1920 - -1.57%
1919 - -1.04%
1918 - -0.48%
1917 - -5.69%
1916 - 0.25%
1915 - -0.51%
1914 - -0.98%
1913 - -0.85%
1912 - -0.58%
1911 - -0.42%
1910 - -0.85%
1909 - -0.7%
1908 - -1.25%
1907 - -1.22%
1906 - -0.8%
1905 - -2%
1904 - -0.53%
1903 - -0.56%
1902 - -0.56%
1901 - -0.27%
1900 - -1.06%
1899 - -0.56%
1898 - -0.49%
1897 - -1.02%
1896 - -1%
1895 - -0.41%
1894 - -0.5%
1893 - -0.59%
1892 - -0.56%
1891 - -0.64%
1890 - -0.8%
1889 - -0.45%
1888 - -1.94%
1887 - -1.28%
1886 - -0.75%
1885 - -1.48%
1884 - -1.22%
1883 - -0.81%
1882 - -0.77%
1881 - -0.05%
1880 - -0.69%
1879 - -0.39%
1878 - -0.12%
1877 - -0.84%
1876 - -0.8%
1875 - -0.87%
1874 - -0.15%
1873 - -0.28%
1872 - 0.31%
1871 - 0.42%
1870 - 0.19%
1869 - 0.01%
1868 - -0.38%
1867 - -0.12%
1866 - -0.31%
1865 - 0.21%
1864 - -0.11%
1863 - -0.06%
1862 - 0.15%
1861 - -0.16%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/india | CC BY

In 2024, Ecuador's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.59B, equivalent to 1.28% of GDP. This compares to India's deficit of $309B, or 7.9% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Ecuador recorded a fiscal deficit in 21 of those years, while India ran a deficit in 30 years. On average, Ecuador posted an annual deficit equal to 2.51% of GDP, compared to deficit of 8.29% of GDP for India.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Ecuador

India
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Ecuador India
2024 1.55% 4.95%
2023 2.22% 5.65%
2022 3.47% 6.7%
2021 0.13% 5.13%
2020 -0.34% 6.62%
2019 0.27% 3.73%
2018 -0.22% 3.94%
2017 0.42% 3.33%
2016 1.73% 4.95%
2015 3.97% 4.91%
2014 3.59% 6.67%
2013 2.72% 10%
2012 5.1% 9.48%
2011 4.47% 8.91%
2010 3.55% 12%
2009 5.16% 10.9%
2008 8.4% 8.35%
2007 2.28% 6.37%
2006 3.3% 5.8%
2005 2.17% 4.25%
2004 2.74% 3.77%
2003 7.93% 3.81%
2002 12.5% 4.3%
2001 37.7% 3.78%
2000 96.1% 4.01%
1999 52.2% 4.67%
1998 36.1% 13.2%
1997 30.7% 7.16%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/india | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Ecuador has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 11.8%, compared with 6.33% in India. In 2024, inflation was 1.55% in Ecuador and 4.95% in India.

Top exports between countries

Ecuador
Export category Export value
Wood & paper products $86.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $65.5M
Precious metals & jewellery $56.1M
Metals $5.49M
Animal & marine products $1.45M
Machinery & equipment $716K
Chemicals & pharma $585K
Textiles & consumer goods $378K
Raw materials & minerals $343K
Raw agricultural goods $332K
India
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $122M
Chemicals & pharma $82.1M
Metals $42.1M
Textiles & consumer goods $26.4M
Raw materials & minerals $14.7M
Raw agricultural goods $7.36M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.91M
Wood & paper products $937K
Animal & marine products $584K
Miscellaneous $515K

Balance of trade

Ecuador India
Current account balance
$7.06B
2024
-$32.1B
2024
Current account balance ranking
27/190
2024
186/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+5.66%
2024
-0.82%
2024
Goods imports
$27.9B
2024
$727B
2024
Goods exports
$34.7B
2024
$447B
2024
Service imports
$6.18B
2024
$197B
2024
Service exports
$3.86B
2024
$375B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
26.9%
2024
23.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.3%
2024
21.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Ecuador India
Economic freedom 55.6 52.5
Economic freedom ranking 127/197 146/197
Property rights 33.2 48.3
Government integrity 33 37.8
Judicial effectiveness 48.1 52.6
Tax burden 74.2 71.2
Government spending 54.9 75.7
Fiscal health 90.3 6.7
Business freedom 64.3 67.4
Labor freedom 56.9 59
Monetary freedom 76.3 70.9
Trade freedom 66.4 61
Investment freedom 30 40
Financial freedom 40 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Ecuador
India
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Ecuador India
2026 55.6 52.5
2025 55.8 53
2024 55 52.9
2023 55 52.9
2022 54.3 53.9
2021 52.4 56.5
2020 51.3 56.5
2019 46.9 55.2
2018 48.5 54.5
2017 49.3 52.6
2016 48.6 56.2
2015 49.2 54.6
2014 48 55.7
2013 46.9 55.2
2012 48.3 54.6
2011 47.1 54.6
2010 49.3 53.8
2009 52.5 54.4
2008 55.2 54.1
2007 55.3 53.9
2006 54.6 52.2
2005 52.9 54.2
2004 54.4 51.5
2003 54.1 51.2
2002 53.1 51.2
2001 55.1 49
2000 59.8 47.4
1999 62.9 50.2
1998 62.8 49.7
1997 61 49.7
1996 60.1 47.4
1995 57.7 45.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/india | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Ecuador is 55.6, ranking 127/197, compared to 52.5 for India, ranking 146/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Ecuador India
Services, % of GDP
57.2%
2024
49.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
26.5%
2024
24.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
9.48%
2024
16.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$117B
2024
$3.84T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$15,410
2024
$11,000
2024
Total reserves including gold
$6.91B
2024
$643B
2024
Total reserves ranking
87/177
2024
5/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$438M
2024
-$2.89B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$443M
2024
$27.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$0
2024
$24.2B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7%
2024
2.38%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
28%
2024
21.9%
2011
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
18.5%
2024
32.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/india | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.