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Economy of Burundi vs India compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Burundi has a GDP of $3.08B compared to $3.91T for India, ranking 169/197 and 5/197 by economy size, respectively.

Burundi has $1.6B in government debt (52% of GDP), compared to $3.19T (81.6% of GDP) in India.

Burundi vs India GDP by year

Burundi
India
1x
Year GDP, current $
Burundi India
2024 $3,082,433,067 $3,909,891,533,858
2023 $3,430,949,250 $3,638,489,096,034
2022 $4,036,192,553 $3,346,107,287,731
2021 $3,435,598,073 $3,167,270,623,260
2020 $3,227,847,281 $2,674,851,578,587
2019 $2,871,555,326 $2,835,606,256,558
2018 $2,913,411,408 $2,702,929,641,649
2017 $2,831,362,208 $2,651,474,262,755
2016 $2,618,093,125 $2,294,796,885,663
2015 $2,810,532,912 $2,103,588,360,045
2014 $2,705,826,648 $2,039,126,479,155
2013 $2,451,624,638 $1,856,721,507,622
2012 $2,327,402,363 $1,827,637,590,410
2011 $2,235,812,880 $1,823,051,829,895
2010 $2,032,135,192 $1,675,615,519,485
2009 $1,775,495,032 $1,341,888,016,995
2008 $1,611,835,857 $1,198,895,139,006
2007 $1,356,199,387 $1,216,736,438,835
2006 $1,273,375,078 $940,259,888,788
2005 $1,117,113,080 $820,383,763,511
2004 $915,257,323 $709,152,728,831
2003 $784,654,424 $607,700,687,237
2002 $825,394,519 $514,939,140,319
2001 $876,794,723 $485,440,139,204
2000 $870,486,066 $468,395,521,654
1999 $808,077,223 $458,821,052,616
1998 $893,770,740 $421,351,317,225
1997 $972,896,268 $415,867,563,593
1996 $869,033,856 $392,896,866,205
1995 $1,000,428,394 $360,281,909,643
1994 $925,030,590 $327,274,843,459
1993 $938,632,612 $279,295,648,983
1992 $1,083,037,671 $288,208,070,278
1991 $1,167,398,478 $270,105,341,879
1990 $1,132,101,253 $320,979,026,420
1989 $1,113,924,130 $296,042,052,945
1988 $1,082,403,219 $296,589,670,896
1987 $1,131,466,494 $279,033,584,092
1986 $1,201,725,497 $248,985,994,041
1985 $1,149,979,286 $232,511,554,840
1984 $987,143,931 $212,157,645,178
1983 $1,082,926,304 $218,262,146,413
1982 $1,013,222,222 $200,715,624,831
1981 $969,046,667 $193,491,368,446
1980 $919,726,667 $186,328,579,302
1979 $782,496,667 $152,995,442,498
1978 $610,225,556 $137,302,319,829
1977 $547,535,556 $121,486,641,441
1976 $448,412,754 $102,716,451,980
1975 $420,986,667 $98,473,832,017
1974 $345,263,492 $99,526,597,934
1973 $304,339,524 $85,517,673,173
1972 $246,804,571 $71,464,700,667
1971 $252,842,286 $67,351,404,352
1970 $242,732,571 $62,422,483,055
1969 $190,205,714 $58,447,995,017
1968 $183,200,000 $53,085,455,871
1967 $178,297,143 $50,134,942,204
1966 $165,444,571 $45,581,230,504
1965 $158,994,963 $59,556,105,229
1964 $260,750,008 $56,480,289,941
1963 $232,749,998 $48,421,923,459
1962 $213,500,006 $42,161,481,858
1961 $202,999,992 $39,232,435,784
1960 $195,999,990 $37,029,883,876

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/burundi/india | CC BY

GDP per capita in Burundi vs India by year

Burundi
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Burundi India
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $219.4 $1,195 $2,695 $11,160
2023 $250.6 $1,150 $2,530 $10,323
2022 $303 $1,105 $2,347 $9,207
2021 $265 $1,036 $2,240 $8,050
2020 $255.8 $958 $1,907 $6,966
2019 $234.3 $868 $2,041 $7,151
2018 $245.7 $823 $1,966 $6,715
2017 $246.1 $791 $1,950 $6,145
2016 $232.9 $764 $1,708 $5,800
2015 $254.4 $722 $1,584 $5,425
2014 $250.5 $724 $1,554 $5,192
2013 $234.8 $687 $1,433 $5,014
2012 $231.1 $637 $1,429 $4,820
2011 $230.1 $629 $1,445 $4,455
2010 $216.7 $614 $1,348 $4,206
2009 $198.4 $605 $1,095 $3,887
2008 $189.5 $609 $993 $3,633
2007 $166.2 $594 $1,022 $3,508
2006 $161.9 $580 $802 $3,221
2005 $147.2 $553 $710 $2,937
2004 $125.2 $552 $624 $2,682
2003 $111.4 $532 $544 $2,461
2002 $121 $545 $469 $2,277
2001 $132.2 $528 $450 $2,200
2000 $134.5 $519 $443 $2,091
1999 $127.5 $523 $442 $2,006
1998 $144.5 $533 $414 $1,852
1997 $160.3 $513 $416 $1,759
1996 $143.2 $513 $401 $1,695
1995 $164.9 $548 $375 $1,579
1994 $161.9 $619 $348 $1,467
1993 $165.3 $634 $303 $1,374
1992 $184.9 $640 $319 $1,309
1991 $204.7 $636 $306 $1,239
1990 $202.6 $598 $371 $1,212
1989 $203.6 - $350 -
1988 $201.7 - $358 -
1987 $215.6 - $345 -
1986 $234.3 - $315 -
1985 $228.4 - $301 -
1984 $200.4 - $281 -
1983 $225.2 - $296 -
1982 $216.4 - $278.7 -
1981 $212.2 - $275 -
1980 $209.8 - $271.1 -
1979 $186.2 - $228 -
1978 $148.8 - $209.4 -
1977 $137.4 - $189.6 -
1976 $115.5 - $164.1 -
1975 $110.9 - $161.1 -
1974 $93.2 - $166.7 -
1973 $84.3 - $146.6 -
1972 $68.2 - $125.3 -
1971 $69.9 - $120.7 -
1970 $68.8 - $114.4 -
1969 $55.1 - $109.5 -
1968 $54.2 - $101.6 -
1967 $54 - $98 -
1966 $51.4 - $91 -
1965 $50.6 - $121.5 -
1964 $85.3 - $117.9 -
1963 $78.4 - $103.4 -
1962 $73.4 - $92.2 -
1961 $71.6 - $87.9 -
1960 $70.9 - $84.9 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/burundi/india | CC BY

Burundi's GDP per capita is $219.4, ranking 197/197, compared to $2,695 in India, ranking 143/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Burundi ranks 196th at $1,195, while India ranks 130th at $11,160.

Economic indicators

Burundi India
Gross domestic product
$3.08B
2024
$3.91T
2024
GDP rank
169/197
2024
5/197
2024
GDP growth
4.11%
2023-2024
6.49%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$219.4
2024
$2,695
2024
GDP per capita rank
197/197
2024
143/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$1,195
2024
$11,160
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
196/197
2024
130/197
2024
Government debt
$1.6B
2024
$3.19T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
52%
2024
81.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$114.1
2024
$2,200
2024
Government debt per person rank
184/185
2024
118/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,228
2026
$4,596
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$5.13T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
917,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
205
2025
Income share by richest 10%
29.9%
2020
22.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2020
4.5%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
22.3%
2024
28.4%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
20.2%
2023-2024
4.95%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
5.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
1.03%
2020
4.17%
2024
Population
14833763
1480351380

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Burundi
Spending

Debt
India
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Burundi India
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 22.3% 52% 28.4% 81.6%
2023 28.4% 58.1% 27.9% 80.7%
2022 33.5% 68.5% 29.1% 82.2%
2021 28.4% 66.5% 29.9% 83.5%
2020 29.2% 65.9% 31% 88.4%
2019 28.8% 60.1% 26.8% 75.1%
2018 26% 53% 26.3% 70.4%
2017 24.1% 46.9% 26.2% 69.7%
2016 22.6% 46.1% 27.2% 68.9%
2015 23.2% 39.9% 27.1% 69%
2014 28.5% 38% 26.2% 67.1%
2013 34.8% 37.9% 26.6% 67.7%
2012 37.5% 41.4% 27.4% 68%
2011 42.2% 42.7% 27.6% 68.7%
2010 40.8% 46.9% 28% 67.7%
2009 38% 25.7% 28.5% 72.7%
2008 41.2% 102.5% 29.3% 74.3%
2007 39% 129.6% 26.9% 75.4%
2006 36.5% 130.3% 26.9% 77.9%
2005 33.1% 137% 26.9% 82.4%
2004 39.2% 166.1% 28.4% 84.9%
2003 33.9% 159.9% 29.9% 85.9%
2002 21.9% 144.8% 29.1% 84.3%
2001 22.7% 113.6% 28.3% 80.1%
2000 21.7% 120% 26.1% 74.9%
1999 20.5% 140.6% 25.8% 71.3%
1998 19.9% 138.9% 26% 69.3%
1997 18.8% 122.8% 25.2% 69%
1996 24.4% 139.4% 24.4% 67.1%
1995 22.1% 117.1% 25% 70.9%
1994 19.4% 119.6% 26.2% 74.8%
1993 24% 112% 26.2% 78.3%
1992 26.1% 93.5% 26.7% 78.8%
1991 19.2% - 27.3% 76.7%
1990 17.4% - 25.8% 50.8%
1989 - - 25.7% 50.5%
1988 - - 24.9% 48.9%
1987 - - 22.5% 48.9%
1986 - - 23.2% 47.9%
1985 - - 21.6% 44.3%
1984 - - 19.8% 41.6%
1983 - - 17.8% 39.6%
1982 - - 17.8% 41.7%
1981 - - 16.6% 37.2%
1980 - - 17.5% 38%
1979 - - 15.6% 32.2%
1978 - - 15% 30.8%
1977 - - 13.9% 29.9%
1976 - - 14.4% 31.3%
1975 - - 12.7% 29.5%
1974 - - 11.3% 29%
1973 - - 12.9% 34.1%
1972 - - 13.5% 37.2%
1971 - - 12.4% 37.6%
1970 - - 11.7% 38.1%
1969 - - 11.5% 38.8%
1968 - - 12.6% 40.3%
1967 - - 13.8% 38.5%
1966 - - 13.8% 36.2%
1965 - - 13.7% 36.8%
1964 - - 13.2% 33.8%
1963 - - 12.3% 35.5%
1962 - - 11.5% 36.2%
1961 - - 11.8% 38.7%
1960 - - 11.2% 36.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/burundi/india | CC BY

In 2024, Burundi's government spending was $689M, accounting for 22.3% of its GDP, while India spent $1.11T, or 28.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 52% in Burundi and 81.6% in India, ranking 101/185 and 43/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Burundi

India
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Burundi India
2024 -4.84% -7.9%
2023 -7.7% -7.4%
2022 -10.7% -8.97%
2021 -4.6% -9.45%
2020 -6.58% -12.9%
2019 -6.4% -7.69%
2018 -6.66% -6.34%
2017 -5.01% -6.23%
2016 -7.11% -7.12%
2015 -7.56% -7.21%
2014 -3.93% -7.07%
2013 -1.9% -7%
2012 -3.79% -7.55%
2011 -3.49% -8.35%
2010 -3.64% -8.79%
2009 -5.14% -9.7%
2008 -2.7% -9.17%
2007 -2.51% -4.59%
2006 -9.92% -6.38%
2005 -10.6% -7.49%
2004 -14.9% -9.22%
2003 -13.7% -11.4%
2002 -4.9% -11.1%
2001 -7.78% -11%
2000 -5.66% -8.41%
1999 -5.33% -8.7%
1998 -4.43% -9.74%
1997 -4.48% -8.28%
1996 -8.61% -6.71%
1995 -3.72% -6.81%
1994 -1.76% -8%
1993 -1.22% -8.57%
1992 -4.16% -7.89%
1991 4.14% -7.9%
1990 8.14% -8.07%
1989 - -7.68%
1988 - -7.01%
1987 - -9.53%
1986 - -10.6%
1985 - -9.58%
1984 - -8.54%
1983 - -7.28%
1982 - -6.78%
1981 - -6.07%
1980 - -7.27%
1979 - -4.87%
1978 - -4.45%
1977 - -4.1%
1976 - -4.1%
1975 - -3.11%
1974 - -2.3%
1973 - -3.53%
1972 - -3.14%
1971 - -2.9%
1970 - -2.35%
1969 - -2.66%
1968 - -3.98%
1967 - -4.97%
1966 - -4.18%
1965 - -4.49%
1964 - -4.41%
1963 - -4.16%
1962 - -3.3%
1961 - -4.1%
1960 - -4.05%
1959 - -5.29%
1958 - -5.08%
1957 - -3.35%
1956 - -2.93%
1955 - -2.77%
1954 - -2.61%
1953 - -1.83%
1952 - 0.03%
1951 - -0.5%
1950 - -1.01%
1949 - -0.73%
1948 - -0.82%
1947 - -0.86%
1946 - -2.89%
1945 - -4.4%
1944 - -3.32%
1943 - -3.48%
1942 - -3.62%
1941 - -0.37%
1940 - -0.59%
1939 - -0.32%
1938 - -0.16%
1937 - -0.1%
1936 - -0.45%
1935 - -0.4%
1934 - -0.09%
1933 - 0%
1932 - 0.03%
1931 - -0.68%
1930 - -1.02%
1929 - -0.91%
1928 - -0.87%
1927 - -0.98%
1926 - -0.88%
1925 - -0.67%
1924 - -0.3%
1923 - -0.66%
1922 - -1.05%
1921 - -1.45%
1920 - -1.57%
1919 - -1.04%
1918 - -0.48%
1917 - -5.69%
1916 - 0.25%
1915 - -0.51%
1914 - -0.98%
1913 - -0.85%
1912 - -0.58%
1911 - -0.42%
1910 - -0.85%
1909 - -0.7%
1908 - -1.25%
1907 - -1.22%
1906 - -0.8%
1905 - -2%
1904 - -0.53%
1903 - -0.56%
1902 - -0.56%
1901 - -0.27%
1900 - -1.06%
1899 - -0.56%
1898 - -0.49%
1897 - -1.02%
1896 - -1%
1895 - -0.41%
1894 - -0.5%
1893 - -0.59%
1892 - -0.56%
1891 - -0.64%
1890 - -0.8%
1889 - -0.45%
1888 - -1.94%
1887 - -1.28%
1886 - -0.75%
1885 - -1.48%
1884 - -1.22%
1883 - -0.81%
1882 - -0.77%
1881 - -0.05%
1880 - -0.69%
1879 - -0.39%
1878 - -0.12%
1877 - -0.84%
1876 - -0.8%
1875 - -0.87%
1874 - -0.15%
1873 - -0.28%
1872 - 0.31%
1871 - 0.42%
1870 - 0.19%
1869 - 0.01%
1868 - -0.38%
1867 - -0.12%
1866 - -0.31%
1865 - 0.21%
1864 - -0.11%
1863 - -0.06%
1862 - 0.15%
1861 - -0.16%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/burundi/india | CC BY

In 2024, Burundi's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $149M, equivalent to 4.84% of GDP. This compares to India's deficit of $309B, or 7.9% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Burundi recorded a fiscal deficit in 33 of those years, while India ran a deficit in 35 years. On average, Burundi posted an annual deficit equal to 5.23% of GDP, compared to deficit of 8.26% of GDP for India.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Burundi

India
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Burundi India
2024 20.2% 4.95%
2023 26.9% 5.65%
2022 18.8% 6.7%
2021 8.4% 5.13%
2020 7.32% 6.62%
2019 -0.69% 3.73%
2018 -2.81% 3.94%
2017 16.1% 3.33%
2016 5.56% 4.95%
2015 5.54% 4.91%
2014 4.41% 6.67%
2013 7.94% 10%
2012 18.2% 9.48%
2011 9.59% 8.91%
2010 6.49% 12%
2009 10.6% 10.9%
2008 24.4% 8.35%
2007 8.41% 6.37%
2006 2.75% 5.8%
2005 13.3% 4.25%
2004 8.18% 3.77%
2003 10.6% 3.81%
2002 -1.37% 4.3%
2001 9.3% 3.78%
2000 24.4% 4.01%
1999 3.39% 4.67%
1998 12.5% 13.2%
1997 31.1% 7.16%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/burundi/india | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Burundi has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 11.1%, compared with 6.33% in India. In 2024, inflation was 20.2% in Burundi and 4.95% in India.

Top exports between countries

Burundi
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $310K
Machinery & equipment $257K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $124K
Metals $81K
Animal & marine products $18K
Raw materials & minerals $4K
Textiles & consumer goods $1K
India
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $14M
Machinery & equipment $7.87M
Raw materials & minerals $3.98M
Metals $2.63M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.32M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.72M
Miscellaneous $178K
Wood & paper products $96K
Raw agricultural goods $58K
Animal & marine products $45K

Balance of trade

Burundi India
Current account balance
-$475M
2024
-$32.1B
2024
Current account balance ranking
105/190
2024
186/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-15.4%
2024
-0.82%
2024
Goods imports
$959M
2024
$727B
2024
Goods exports
$230M
2024
$447B
2024
Service imports
$361M
2024
$197B
2024
Service exports
$121M
2024
$375B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
24.4%
2023
23.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
5.29%
2023
21.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Burundi India
Economic freedom 40.2 52.5
Economic freedom ranking 187/197 146/197
Property rights 27.2 48.3
Government integrity 15.5 37.8
Judicial effectiveness 7.5 52.6
Tax burden 76.1 71.2
Government spending 76.3 75.7
Fiscal health 14.6 6.7
Business freedom 27.2 67.4
Labor freedom 49.9 59
Monetary freedom 55.5 70.9
Trade freedom 52.2 61
Investment freedom 50 40
Financial freedom 30 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Burundi
India
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Burundi India
2026 40.2 52.5
2025 39.7 53
2024 38.4 52.9
2023 41.9 52.9
2022 39.4 53.9
2021 49.9 56.5
2020 49 56.5
2019 48.9 55.2
2018 50.9 54.5
2017 53.2 52.6
2016 53.9 56.2
2015 53.7 54.6
2014 51.4 55.7
2013 49 55.2
2012 48.1 54.6
2011 49.6 54.6
2010 47.5 53.8
2009 48.8 54.4
2008 46.2 54.1
2007 46.9 53.9
2006 48.7 52.2
2005 - 54.2
2004 - 51.5
2003 - 51.2
2002 - 51.2
2001 - 49
2000 42.6 47.4
1999 41.1 50.2
1998 44.7 49.7
1997 45.4 49.7
1996 - 47.4
1995 - 45.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/burundi/india | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Burundi is 40.2, ranking 187/197, compared to 52.5 for India, ranking 146/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Burundi India
Services, % of GDP
43.2%
2024
49.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.7%
2024
24.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
34.9%
2024
16.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$3.61B
2024
$3.84T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$1,200
2024
$11,000
2024
Total reserves including gold
$90.3M
2023
$643B
2024
Total reserves ranking
174/177
2023
5/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$24.8M
2024
-$2.89B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$33.3M
2024
$27.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$8.51M
2024
$24.2B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
1.16%
2024
2.38%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
51%
2020
21.9%
2011
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
10%
2023
32.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.