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Economy of India vs Ivory Coast compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

India has a GDP of $3.91T compared to $87.1B for Ivory Coast, ranking 5/197 and 77/197 by economy size, respectively.

India has $3.19T in government debt (81.6% of GDP), compared to $51.6B (59.3% of GDP) in Ivory Coast.

India vs Ivory Coast GDP by year

India
Ivory Coast
1x
Year GDP, current $
India Ivory Coast
2024 $3,909,891,533,858 $87,113,179,149
2023 $3,638,489,096,034 $80,780,312,569
2022 $3,346,107,287,731 $70,922,824,814
2021 $3,167,270,623,260 $72,794,636,654
2020 $2,674,851,578,587 $63,027,852,805
2019 $2,835,606,256,558 $60,382,894,697
2018 $2,702,929,641,649 $58,522,477,787
2017 $2,651,474,262,755 $52,512,343,997
2016 $2,294,796,885,663 $48,407,761,037
2015 $2,103,588,360,045 $45,815,005,169
2014 $2,039,126,479,155 $48,843,005,614
2013 $1,856,721,507,622 $42,760,235,485
2012 $1,827,637,590,410 $36,302,302,877
2011 $1,823,051,829,895 $36,693,710,801
2010 $1,675,615,519,485 $34,936,307,980
2009 $1,341,888,016,995 $33,886,813,250
2008 $1,198,895,139,006 $34,078,240,293
2007 $1,216,736,438,835 $28,760,090,953
2006 $940,259,888,788 $25,281,413,263
2005 $820,383,763,511 $24,036,918,703
2004 $709,152,728,831 $23,510,575,681
2003 $607,700,687,237 $21,251,754,340
2002 $514,939,140,319 $18,054,383,321
2001 $485,440,139,204 $16,810,537,044
2000 $468,395,521,654 $16,577,533,892
1999 $458,821,052,616 $18,870,992,456
1998 $421,351,317,225 $19,619,654,756
1997 $415,867,563,593 $18,047,558,038
1996 $392,896,866,205 $18,071,152,831
1995 $360,281,909,643 $11,000,146,267
1994 $327,274,843,459 $8,313,557,510
1993 $279,295,648,983 $11,045,760,288
1992 $288,208,070,278 $11,152,971,274
1991 $270,105,341,879 $10,492,628,581
1990 $320,979,026,420 $10,795,850,583
1989 $296,042,052,945 $9,757,410,645
1988 $296,589,670,896 $10,255,169,806
1987 $279,033,584,092 $10,087,654,465
1986 $248,985,994,041 $9,158,302,100
1985 $232,511,554,840 $6,977,650,644
1984 $212,157,645,178 $6,841,639,247
1983 $218,262,146,413 $6,838,184,773
1982 $200,715,624,831 $7,567,110,849
1981 $193,491,368,446 $8,432,589,942
1980 $186,328,579,302 $10,175,617,609
1979 $152,995,442,498 $9,142,933,967
1978 $137,302,319,829 $7,900,526,298
1977 $121,486,641,441 $6,265,068,189
1976 $102,716,451,980 $4,662,053,825
1975 $98,473,832,017 $3,893,839,190
1974 $99,526,597,934 $3,070,152,309
1973 $85,517,673,173 $2,508,421,426
1972 $71,464,700,667 $1,849,400,402
1971 $67,351,404,352 $1,584,128,509
1970 $62,422,483,055 $1,455,482,795
1969 $58,447,995,017 $1,361,360,293
1968 $53,085,455,871 $1,281,281,277
1967 $50,134,942,204 $1,082,922,725
1966 $45,581,230,504 $1,024,102,880
1965 $59,556,105,229 $919,771,229
1964 $56,480,289,941 $921,063,327
1963 $48,421,923,459 $761,047,198
1962 $42,161,481,858 $645,284,474
1961 $39,232,435,784 $618,245,634
1960 $37,029,883,876 $546,203,559

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/ivory-coast | CC BY

GDP per capita in India vs Ivory Coast by year

India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Ivory Coast
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
India Ivory Coast
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $2,695 $11,160 $2,728 $7,669
2023 $2,530 $10,323 $2,592 $7,237
2022 $2,347 $9,207 $2,333 $6,719
2021 $2,240 $8,050 $2,456 $6,045
2020 $1,907 $6,966 $2,180 $5,544
2019 $2,041 $7,151 $2,142 $5,516
2018 $1,966 $6,715 $2,131 $4,946
2017 $1,950 $6,145 $1,964 $4,690
2016 $1,708 $5,800 $1,863 $4,531
2015 $1,584 $5,425 $1,815 $4,404
2014 $1,554 $5,192 $1,991 $4,074
2013 $1,433 $5,014 $1,786 $3,619
2012 $1,429 $4,820 $1,547 $3,291
2011 $1,445 $4,455 $1,597 $3,176
2010 $1,348 $4,206 $1,554 $3,361
2009 $1,095 $3,887 $1,540 $3,177
2008 $993 $3,633 $1,584 $3,116
2007 $1,022 $3,508 $1,368 $2,985
2006 $802 $3,221 $1,230 $2,942
2005 $710 $2,937 $1,198 $2,842
2004 $624 $2,682 $1,200 $2,794
2003 $544 $2,461 $1,111 $2,702
2002 $469 $2,277 $968 $2,851
2001 $450 $2,200 $925 $2,962
2000 $443 $2,091 $937 $3,041
1999 $442 $2,006 $1,096 $3,065
1998 $414 $1,852 $1,177 $3,086
1997 $416 $1,759 $1,125 $3,040
1996 $401 $1,695 $1,170 $2,832
1995 $375 $1,579 $740 $2,683
1994 $348 $1,467 $582 $2,551
1993 $303 $1,374 $804 $2,577
1992 $319 $1,309 $845 $2,625
1991 $306 $1,239 $827 $2,677
1990 $371 $1,212 $886 $2,693
1989 $350 - $833 -
1988 $358 - $910 -
1987 $345 - $930 -
1986 $315 - $877 -
1985 $301 - $695 -
1984 $281 - $709 -
1983 $296 - $737 -
1982 $278.7 - $849 -
1981 $275 - $986 -
1980 $271.1 - $1,238 -
1979 $228 - $1,157 -
1978 $209.4 - $1,039 -
1977 $189.6 - $856 -
1976 $164.1 - $661 -
1975 $161.1 - $575 -
1974 $166.7 - $474 -
1973 $146.6 - $406 -
1972 $125.3 - $313 -
1971 $120.7 - $280.3 -
1970 $114.4 - $269 -
1969 $109.5 - $262.2 -
1968 $101.6 - $256.8 -
1967 $98 - $225.6 -
1966 $91 - $221.8 -
1965 $121.5 - $207 -
1964 $117.9 - $215.5 -
1963 $103.4 - $185.1 -
1962 $92.2 - $163.1 -
1961 $87.9 - $162.3 -
1960 $84.9 - $148.7 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/ivory-coast | CC BY

India's GDP per capita is $2,695, ranking 143/197, compared to $2,728 in Ivory Coast, ranking 142/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), India ranks 130th at $11,160, while Ivory Coast ranks 145th at $7,669.

Economic indicators

India Ivory Coast
Gross domestic product
$3.91T
2024
$87.1B
2024
GDP rank
5/197
2024
77/197
2024
GDP growth
6.49%
2023-2024
6.02%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,695
2024
$2,728
2024
GDP per capita rank
143/197
2024
142/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$11,160
2024
$7,669
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
130/197
2024
145/197
2024
Government debt
$3.19T
2024
$51.6B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
81.6%
2024
59.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,200
2024
$1,616
2024
Government debt per person rank
118/185
2024
125/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,596
2026
$2,733
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$5.13T
2024
$7.33B
2020
Number of millionaires
917,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
205
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.1%
2022
27.8%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
4.5%
2022
3.1%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
28.4%
2024
20.4%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.95%
2023-2024
3.45%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
5.25%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
4.17%
2024
2.31%
2022
Population
1480351380
33722528

Spending and national debt comparison by year

India
Spending

Debt
Ivory Coast
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
India Ivory Coast
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 28.4% 81.6% 20.4% 59.3%
2023 27.9% 80.7% 21.3% 57.5%
2022 29.1% 82.2% 21.9% 56%
2021 29.9% 83.5% 20.5% 50.2%
2020 31% 88.4% 20.4% 46.3%
2019 26.8% 75.1% 17.2% 37.2%
2018 26.3% 70.4% 17.6% 35.3%
2017 26.2% 69.7% 18.1% 32.6%
2016 27.2% 68.9% 17.6% 31.1%
2015 27.1% 69% 16.5% 29.2%
2014 26.2% 67.1% 15.2% 26.7%
2013 26.6% 67.7% 15.9% 24.6%
2012 27.4% 68% 16.1% 24.7%
2011 27.6% 68.7% 13.2% 50%
2010 28% 67.7% 14.5% 45.6%
2009 28.5% 72.7% 14.4% 46.5%
2008 29.3% 74.3% 14.6% 51.2%
2007 26.9% 75.4% 14.8% 53.5%
2006 26.9% 77.9% 14.5% 57.5%
2005 26.9% 82.4% 13.6% 58.2%
2004 28.4% 84.9% 13.5% 56.7%
2003 29.9% 85.9% 12.7% 56.4%
2002 29.1% 84.3% 13.1% 63%
2001 28.3% 80.1% 11.4% 71.2%
2000 26.1% 74.9% 12.9% 74%
1999 25.8% 71.3% 13.7% 78%
1998 26% 69.3% 14.6% 75.2%
1997 25.2% 69% 15.2% 84.2%
1996 24.4% 67.1% - -
1995 25% 70.9% - -
1994 26.2% 74.8% - -
1993 26.2% 78.3% - -
1992 26.7% 78.8% - -
1991 27.3% 76.7% - -
1990 25.8% 50.8% - -
1989 25.7% 50.5% - -
1988 24.9% 48.9% - -
1987 22.5% 48.9% - -
1986 23.2% 47.9% - -
1985 21.6% 44.3% - -
1984 19.8% 41.6% - -
1983 17.8% 39.6% - -
1982 17.8% 41.7% - -
1981 16.6% 37.2% - -
1980 17.5% 38% - -
1979 15.6% 32.2% - -
1978 15% 30.8% - -
1977 13.9% 29.9% - -
1976 14.4% 31.3% - -
1975 12.7% 29.5% - -
1974 11.3% 29% - -
1973 12.9% 34.1% - -
1972 13.5% 37.2% - -
1971 12.4% 37.6% - -
1970 11.7% 38.1% - -
1969 11.5% 38.8% - -
1968 12.6% 40.3% - -
1967 13.8% 38.5% - -
1966 13.8% 36.2% - -
1965 13.7% 36.8% - -
1964 13.2% 33.8% - -
1963 12.3% 35.5% - -
1962 11.5% 36.2% - -
1961 11.8% 38.7% - -
1960 11.2% 36.5% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/ivory-coast | CC BY

In 2024, India's government spending was $1.11T, accounting for 28.4% of its GDP, while Ivory Coast spent $17.7B, or 20.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 81.6% in India and 59.3% in Ivory Coast, ranking 43/185 and 82/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
India

Ivory Coast
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
India Ivory Coast
2024 -7.9% -3.97%
2023 -7.4% -5.19%
2022 -8.97% -6.74%
2021 -9.45% -4.86%
2020 -12.9% -5.42%
2019 -7.69% -2.22%
2018 -6.34% -2.9%
2017 -6.23% -3.27%
2016 -7.12% -2.98%
2015 -7.21% -2.04%
2014 -7.07% -1.57%
2013 -7% -1.62%
2012 -7.55% -2.28%
2011 -8.35% -2.89%
2010 -8.79% -1.34%
2009 -9.7% -1%
2008 -9.17% -0.21%
2007 -4.59% -0.39%
2006 -6.38% -1.03%
2005 -7.49% -1.03%
2004 -9.22% -1.04%
2003 -11.4% -1.26%
2002 -11.1% -0.64%
2001 -11% 0.7%
2000 -8.41% -0.83%
1999 -8.7% -1.27%
1998 -9.74% -0.7%
1997 -8.28% -0.75%
1996 -6.71% -
1995 -6.81% -
1994 -8% -
1993 -8.57% -
1992 -7.89% -
1991 -7.9% -
1990 -8.07% -
1989 -7.68% -
1988 -7.01% -
1987 -9.53% -
1986 -10.6% -
1985 -9.58% -
1984 -8.54% -
1983 -7.28% -
1982 -6.78% -
1981 -6.07% -
1980 -7.27% -
1979 -4.87% -
1978 -4.45% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -4.1% -
1975 -3.11% -
1974 -2.3% -
1973 -3.53% -
1972 -3.14% -
1971 -2.9% -
1970 -2.35% -
1969 -2.66% -
1968 -3.98% -
1967 -4.97% -
1966 -4.18% -
1965 -4.49% -
1964 -4.41% -
1963 -4.16% -
1962 -3.3% -
1961 -4.1% -
1960 -4.05% -
1959 -5.29% -
1958 -5.08% -
1957 -3.35% -
1956 -2.93% -
1955 -2.77% -
1954 -2.61% -
1953 -1.83% -
1952 0.03% -
1951 -0.5% -
1950 -1.01% -
1949 -0.73% -
1948 -0.82% -
1947 -0.86% -
1946 -2.89% -
1945 -4.4% -
1944 -3.32% -
1943 -3.48% -
1942 -3.62% -
1941 -0.37% -
1940 -0.59% -
1939 -0.32% -
1938 -0.16% -
1937 -0.1% -
1936 -0.45% -
1935 -0.4% -
1934 -0.09% -
1933 0% -
1932 0.03% -
1931 -0.68% -
1930 -1.02% -
1929 -0.91% -
1928 -0.87% -
1927 -0.98% -
1926 -0.88% -
1925 -0.67% -
1924 -0.3% -
1923 -0.66% -
1922 -1.05% -
1921 -1.45% -
1920 -1.57% -
1919 -1.04% -
1918 -0.48% -
1917 -5.69% -
1916 0.25% -
1915 -0.51% -
1914 -0.98% -
1913 -0.85% -
1912 -0.58% -
1911 -0.42% -
1910 -0.85% -
1909 -0.7% -
1908 -1.25% -
1907 -1.22% -
1906 -0.8% -
1905 -2% -
1904 -0.53% -
1903 -0.56% -
1902 -0.56% -
1901 -0.27% -
1900 -1.06% -
1899 -0.56% -
1898 -0.49% -
1897 -1.02% -
1896 -1% -
1895 -0.41% -
1894 -0.5% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -0.56% -
1891 -0.64% -
1890 -0.8% -
1889 -0.45% -
1888 -1.94% -
1887 -1.28% -
1886 -0.75% -
1885 -1.48% -
1884 -1.22% -
1883 -0.81% -
1882 -0.77% -
1881 -0.05% -
1880 -0.69% -
1879 -0.39% -
1878 -0.12% -
1877 -0.84% -
1876 -0.8% -
1875 -0.87% -
1874 -0.15% -
1873 -0.28% -
1872 0.31% -
1871 0.42% -
1870 0.19% -
1869 0.01% -
1868 -0.38% -
1867 -0.12% -
1866 -0.31% -
1865 0.21% -
1864 -0.11% -
1863 -0.06% -
1862 0.15% -
1861 -0.16% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/ivory-coast | CC BY

In 2024, India's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $309B, equivalent to 7.9% of GDP. This compares to Ivory Coast's deficit of $3.45B, or 3.97% of GDP.

Over the past 28 years, India recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while Ivory Coast ran a deficit in 27 years. On average, India posted an annual deficit equal to 8.4% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.1% of GDP for Ivory Coast.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
India

Ivory Coast
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
India Ivory Coast
2024 4.95% 3.45%
2023 5.65% 4.37%
2022 6.7% 5.23%
2021 5.13% 4.16%
2020 6.62% 2.41%
2019 3.73% 0.79%
2018 3.94% 0.4%
2017 3.33% 0.69%
2016 4.95% 0.72%
2015 4.91% 1.25%
2014 6.67% 0.45%
2013 10% 2.58%
2012 9.48% 1.3%
2011 8.91% 4.91%
2010 12% 1.23%
2009 10.9% 1.02%
2008 8.35% 6.31%
2007 6.37% 1.89%
2006 5.8% 2.47%
2005 4.25% 3.89%
2004 3.77% 1.46%
2003 3.81% 3.3%
2002 4.3% 3.08%
2001 3.78% 4.36%
2000 4.01% 2.53%
1999 4.67% 0.7%
1998 13.2% 4.61%
1997 7.16% 4.02%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/ivory-coast | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, India has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.33%, compared with 2.63% in Ivory Coast. In 2024, inflation was 4.95% in India and 3.45% in Ivory Coast.

Top exports between countries

India
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $474M
Machinery & equipment $158M
Chemicals & pharma $113M
Textiles & consumer goods $58.5M
Raw materials & minerals $40.5M
Metals $24.8M
Wood & paper products $19.3M
Animal & marine products $11.7M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $7.69M
Miscellaneous $1.01M
Ivory Coast
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $329M
Raw agricultural goods $165M
Wood & paper products $19.8M
Textiles & consumer goods $11.1M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $8.95M
Precious metals & jewellery $2M
Metals $1.29M
Chemicals & pharma $240K
Machinery & equipment $90K
Animal & marine products $58K

Balance of trade

India Ivory Coast
Current account balance
-$32.1B
2024
-$9.21B
2023
Current account balance ranking
186/190
2024
175/190
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.82%
2024
-11.4%
2023
Goods imports
$727B
2024
$15.4B
2023
Goods exports
$447B
2024
$17.1B
2023
Service imports
$197B
2024
$8.78B
2023
Service exports
$375B
2024
$1.5B
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
23.5%
2024
25.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
21.2%
2024
26%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

India Ivory Coast
Economic freedom 52.5 58.1
Economic freedom ranking 146/197 111/197
Property rights 48.3 43.9
Government integrity 37.8 39.3
Judicial effectiveness 52.6 30.2
Tax burden 71.2 81.6
Government spending 75.7 86.6
Fiscal health 6.7 48
Business freedom 67.4 68.3
Labor freedom 59 57.1
Monetary freedom 70.9 67.6
Trade freedom 61 74.4
Investment freedom 40 50
Financial freedom 40 50

Economic freedom comparison by year

India
Ivory Coast
1x
Year Economic freedom index
India Ivory Coast
2026 52.5 58.1
2025 53 57.8
2024 52.9 58.4
2023 52.9 60.4
2022 53.9 61.6
2021 56.5 61.7
2020 56.5 59.7
2019 55.2 62.4
2018 54.5 62
2017 52.6 63
2016 56.2 60
2015 54.6 58.5
2014 55.7 57.7
2013 55.2 54.1
2012 54.6 54.3
2011 54.6 55.4
2010 53.8 54.1
2009 54.4 55
2008 54.1 53.9
2007 53.9 54.9
2006 52.2 56.2
2005 54.2 56.6
2004 51.5 57.8
2003 51.2 56.7
2002 51.2 57.3
2001 49 54.8
2000 47.4 50.2
1999 50.2 51.7
1998 49.7 51.3
1997 49.7 50.5
1996 47.4 49.9
1995 45.1 53.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/ivory-coast | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for India is 52.5, ranking 146/197, compared to 58.1 for Ivory Coast, ranking 111/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

India Ivory Coast
Services, % of GDP
49.9%
2024
51.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
24%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
16.3%
2024
15.9%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$3.84T
2024
$80.9B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$11,000
2024
$7,360
2024
Total reserves including gold
$643B
2024
n/a
Total reserves ranking
5/177
2024
n/a
Net foreign direct investment
-$2.89B
2024
-$2B
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$27.1B
2024
$3.12B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$24.2B
2024
$228M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.38%
2024
6.44%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
21.9%
2011
37.5%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
32.9%
2024
20.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/ivory-coast | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.