Skip to content

Economy of Denmark vs Dominican Republic compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Denmark has a GDP of $425B compared to $124B for the Dominican Republic, ranking 37/197 and 63/197 by economy size, respectively.

Denmark has $134B in government debt (31.5% of GDP), compared to $73.1B (58.8% of GDP) in the Dominican Republic.

Denmark vs Dominican Republic GDP by year

Denmark
Dominican Republic
1x
Year GDP, current $
Denmark Dominican Republic
2024 $424,524,722,037 $124,282,245,639
2023 $404,651,706,118 $120,456,239,154
2022 $400,114,306,337 $113,478,087,135
2021 $406,110,162,088 $94,850,719,517
2020 $355,631,021,932 $78,546,672,407
2019 $345,401,473,013 $89,146,130,745
2018 $355,293,374,912 $84,994,732,049
2017 $331,610,593,962 $79,070,274,743
2016 $312,181,849,372 $75,552,902,636
2015 $301,758,922,338 $70,966,782,572
2014 $352,832,602,064 $67,014,329,100
2013 $344,631,016,965 $62,555,417,415
2012 $326,792,574,245 $60,561,635,556
2011 $344,315,595,263 $57,948,261,616
2010 $322,345,594,075 $53,801,053,353
2009 $322,619,152,195 $48,223,781,477
2008 $354,979,471,960 $48,091,433,554
2007 $320,213,157,595 $43,965,458,509
2006 $283,386,151,544 $37,879,830,084
2005 $265,150,087,712 $35,777,560,684
2004 $251,986,155,631 $22,322,387,382
2003 $218,421,193,436 $21,403,167,848
2002 $178,788,209,558 $27,137,440,786
2001 $164,881,594,415 $25,601,823,688
2000 $164,043,817,224 $24,305,780,629
1999 $177,887,720,536 $22,136,579,397
1998 $176,877,077,513 $21,672,215,547
1997 $173,241,365,735 $20,017,450,041
1996 $187,481,157,846 $18,241,622,548
1995 $184,848,481,008 $16,637,370,839
1994 $156,017,919,221 $14,644,734,599
1993 $143,111,306,004 $13,081,042,400
1992 $152,966,494,260 $11,605,382,504
1991 $139,180,507,778 $9,824,483,340
1990 $138,217,740,684 $7,073,675,545
1989 $112,312,200,761 $6,686,593,060
1988 $115,540,189,705 $5,374,299,981
1987 $109,183,446,340 $5,827,050,753
1986 $87,748,695,217 $6,122,128,558
1985 $62,452,421,011 $5,044,579,979
1984 $58,868,891,335 $11,594,000,000
1983 $60,331,158,447 $9,220,600,000
1982 $60,084,214,872 $8,267,400,000
1981 $61,459,941,461 $7,561,300,000
1980 $70,811,287,816 $6,761,300,000
1979 $70,393,030,603 $5,498,800,000
1978 $60,320,089,218 $4,734,400,000
1977 $49,711,709,588 $4,587,100,000
1976 $44,503,607,444 $3,951,500,000
1975 $40,418,967,666 $3,599,200,000
1974 $34,125,712,481 $2,925,700,000
1973 $30,718,181,337 $2,344,800,000
1972 $23,230,667,549 $1,987,400,000
1971 $19,086,192,720 $1,666,500,000
1970 $17,075,457,733 $1,485,500,000
1969 $15,414,902,667 $1,230,500,000
1968 $13,505,574,133 $1,079,100,000
1967 $13,059,064,806 $1,034,800,000
1966 $11,931,740,293 $983,900,000
1965 $10,870,670,865 $888,100,000
1964 $9,677,401,337 $1,025,599,900
1963 $8,466,044,980 $940,799,900
1962 $7,953,274,741 $824,100,000
1961 $7,058,361,229 $654,100,200
1960 $6,361,166,545 $672,399,700

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/dominican-republic | CC BY

GDP per capita in Denmark vs Dominican Republic by year

Denmark
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Dominican Republic
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Denmark Dominican Republic
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $71,026 $81,878 $10,876 $27,542
2023 $68,044 $77,892 $10,630 $25,840
2022 $67,781 $78,914 $10,104 $24,626
2021 $69,341 $69,715 $8,527 $22,053
2020 $60,985 $62,682 $7,135 $18,998
2019 $59,404 $60,595 $8,183 $19,767
2018 $61,325 $57,234 $7,883 $17,995
2017 $57,522 $55,272 $7,413 $16,846
2016 $54,501 $51,821 $7,160 $16,282
2015 $53,094 $48,897 $6,801 $14,804
2014 $62,520 $47,880 $6,496 $13,465
2013 $61,378 $46,869 $6,137 $12,414
2012 $58,444 $44,755 $6,014 $11,777
2011 $61,810 $44,444 $5,827 $11,695
2010 $58,105 $43,038 $5,479 $11,246
2009 $58,413 $40,524 $4,974 $10,382
2008 $64,617 $41,467 $5,024 $10,346
2007 $58,632 $39,110 $4,650 $9,951
2006 $52,119 $37,392 $4,055 $9,130
2005 $48,926 $34,238 $3,878 $8,215
2004 $46,625 $33,016 $2,452 $7,375
2003 $40,519 $30,864 $2,383 $7,098
2002 $33,257 $30,667 $3,066 $7,158
2001 $30,768 $29,459 $2,936 $6,848
2000 $30,722 $28,648 $2,831 $6,639
1999 $33,426 $26,642 $2,621 $6,305
1998 $33,346 $25,799 $2,608 $5,963
1997 $32,780 $24,887 $2,449 $5,618
1996 $35,622 $23,723 $2,271 $5,161
1995 $35,321 $22,677 $2,109 $4,871
1994 $29,968 $21,669 $1,892 $4,599
1993 $27,582 $20,217 $1,722 $4,474
1992 $29,579 $19,830 $1,558 $4,151
1991 $27,003 $19,067 $1,346 $3,722
1990 $26,886 $18,225 $989 $3,641
1989 $21,882 - $955 -
1988 $22,525 - $784 -
1987 $21,296 - $868 -
1986 $17,137 - $932 -
1985 $12,213 - $784 -
1984 $11,517 - $1,844 -
1983 $11,797 - $1,500 -
1982 $11,740 - $1,376 -
1981 $12,000 - $1,288 -
1980 $13,822 - $1,180 -
1979 $13,757 - $984 -
1978 $11,818 - $868 -
1977 $9,770 - $863 -
1976 $8,773 - $763 -
1975 $7,988 - $713 -
1974 $6,764 - $595 -
1973 $6,117 - $490 -
1972 $4,654 - $427 -
1971 $3,846 - $368 -
1970 $3,464 - $338 -
1969 $3,151 - $287.7 -
1968 $2,776 - $259.6 -
1967 $2,701 - $256.2 -
1966 $2,487 - $250.9 -
1965 $2,284 - $233.2 -
1964 $2,049 - $277.3 -
1963 $1,807 - $262.2 -
1962 $1,711 - $236.8 -
1961 $1,531 - $193.9 -
1960 $1,389 - $205.7 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/dominican-republic | CC BY

Denmark's GDP per capita is $71,026, ranking 12/197, compared to $10,876 in the Dominican Republic, ranking 83/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Denmark ranks 14th at $81,878, while the Dominican Republic ranks 76th at $27,542.

Economic indicators

Denmark Dominican Republic
Gross domestic product
$425B
2024
$124B
2024
GDP rank
37/197
2024
63/197
2024
GDP growth
3.48%
2023-2024
4.95%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$71,026
2024
$10,876
2024
GDP per capita rank
12/197
2024
83/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$81,878
2024
$27,542
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
14/197
2024
76/197
2024
Government debt
$134B
2024
$73.1B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
31.5%
2024
58.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$22,340
2024
$6,394
2024
Government debt per person rank
30/185
2024
71/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$53,468
2026
$6,547
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$151B
2004
n/a
Number of millionaires
376,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
9
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2023
29.5%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
2.3%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.3%
2024
19.5%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
1.37%
2023-2024
3.3%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
1.6%
2025
5.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.15%
2024
5.31%
2024
Population
6032403
11637906

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Denmark
Spending

Debt
Dominican Republic
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Denmark Dominican Republic
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 47.3% 31.5% 19.5% 58.8%
2023 47.4% 33.8% 19.1% 60.5%
2022 45.1% 34.2% 18.5% 59.6%
2021 49.7% 40.7% 18.4% 62.8%
2020 53.3% 46.3% 22.2% 71.8%
2019 49.8% 38.3% 17.8% 53.5%
2018 50.8% 38.5% 16.5% 50.8%
2017 50.6% 40.2% 17.3% 49.5%
2016 52.4% 41.7% 17% 46.7%
2015 54.4% 44.6% 16.7% 44.8%
2014 55.1% 48.7% 17% 45%
2013 55.6% 47.8% 18.5% 46.8%
2012 57.9% 48.7% 19.8% 42.4%
2011 56.3% 50% 16% 39.1%
2010 56.5% 46.1% 16.1% 37.4%
2009 56.3% 43% 16.2% 36.8%
2008 50.3% 35.5% 18.5% 33.6%
2007 49.5% 29.5% 16.3% 32.9%
2006 49.7% 33.2% 17% 36%
2005 51.1% 39.4% 15.5% 38.3%
2004 52.8% 46.2% 17.3% 34.3%
2003 53.5% 48.2% 17.2% 48.2%
2002 53.1% 50.3% 16.5% 21.5%
2001 53% 50.1% 14.9% 20.4%
2000 52.9% 53.6% 14.1% 16.7%
1999 54.7% 56.8% 13.4% 16%
1998 55.6% 60.3% 12.6% 13.2%
1997 56.2% 64.4% 13.2% 13.8%
1996 58.2% 68.3% 11.4% 23%
1995 58.7% 71.5% 11% 25.7%
1994 59.5% 75.3% 12.1% 28.5%
1993 59.5% 78.7% 13% 36.1%
1992 56.4% 66.7% 10.4% 38.5%
1991 55.5% 63.2% 8.65% 47.3%
1990 55.1% 62.4% 9.1% 84.7%
1989 56.2% 62.2% 11.3% 62.5%
1988 56.1% 64.7% 12.8% 77%
1987 54% 62.5% 11.2% 86.9%
1986 52.3% 66.8% 10.4% 63.8%
1985 55.5% 74.7% 9.8% 66.3%
1984 56.6% 77.7% 9.32% 28.9%
1983 57.9% 74.2% 10.2% 32.9%
1982 57.7% 64.5% 10.2% 33.1%
1981 56.3% 51.7% 12.1% 29.8%
1980 52.7% 39.2% 12.8% 15.2%
1979 49.6% 31.8% 13.8% 24%
1978 47.2% 25.5% 12.3% 20.9%
1977 45.6% 15.2% 11.4% 16.4%
1976 45% 11.4% 12.5% 15.6%
1975 45.3% 7.01% 13.7% 13.1%
1974 43.6% 6.2% 14.6% 14.6%
1973 39.5% 8.94% 13.7% 14.6%
1972 42.1% 11.5% 14.1% 16.4%
1971 42.2% 12.9% 13.8% 17.8%
1970 24.4% 7.62% 13.3% 18%
1969 25.3% 8.36% 15.5% 17.4%
1968 24.3% 9.36% 15.5% 18.1%
1967 22.2% 10.1% 15% 16.2%
1966 21.1% 11.2% 15.2% 14.5%
1965 17.1% 12.9% 12.8% -
1964 17.6% 14.5% 16.7% -
1963 18.2% 13.7% 15.1% -
1962 17% 15.3% 15.7% -
1961 15.6% 16.4% 20% -
1960 16.4% 20.1% 20.1% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/dominican-republic | CC BY

In 2024, Denmark's government spending was $201B, accounting for 47.3% of its GDP, while the Dominican Republic spent $24.2B, or 19.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 31.5% in Denmark and 58.8% in the Dominican Republic, ranking 155/185 and 83/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Denmark

Dominican Republic
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Denmark Dominican Republic
2024 4.46% -3.09%
2023 3.43% -3.28%
2022 3.39% -3.25%
2021 4.12% -2.92%
2020 0.36% -7.94%
2019 4.28% -3.46%
2018 0.81% -2.17%
2017 1.69% -3.12%
2016 0.3% -3.11%
2015 -0.9% -0.03%
2014 1.43% -2.76%
2013 -0.94% -4.41%
2012 -3.2% -6.26%
2011 -1.77% -3.07%
2010 -2.52% -2.97%
2009 -2.75% -2.9%
2008 3.46% -3.43%
2007 5.31% 0.28%
2006 5.29% -1.69%
2005 5.2% -0.71%
2004 2.23% -3.6%
2003 0.14% -4.24%
2002 0.25% -2.28%
2001 1.13% -0.73%
2000 1.79% -0.86%
1999 1.06% -0.79%
1998 -0.28% -0.29%
1997 -1.22% -0.64%
1996 -2.4% 0.14%
1995 -3.5% 0.82%
1994 -3.85% -0.39%
1993 -3.73% -0.16%
1992 -2.6% 2.35%
1991 -3.15% 0.11%
1990 -1.78% 0.39%
1989 0.3% -0.09%
1988 1.46% -1.68%
1987 2.46% -0.75%
1986 3.23% -0.57%
1985 -1.38% -1.27%
1984 -3.58% -0.95%
1983 -6.29% -1.74%
1982 -8.22% -2.4%
1981 -5.84% -1.92%
1980 -2.32% -1.82%
1979 -0.69% -3.26%
1978 0.41% -0.82%
1977 0.37% 0.15%
1976 0.19% -0.22%
1975 -1.23% 1.37%
1974 3.7% -0.93%
1973 4.97% -0.53%
1972 5.01% -1.73%
1971 4.96% -0.85%
1970 0.7% -0.68%
1969 0.3% -0.99%
1968 -0.06% -0.99%
1967 1.49% -1.68%
1966 0.99% -2.14%
1965 2.13% -1.84%
1964 1.79% -1.36%
1963 1.2% -0.39%
1962 -0.09% -1.17%
1961 1.73% -3%
1960 1.25% -0.61%
1959 0.79% -0.29%
1958 0.25% -1.29%
1957 0.26% 0.21%
1956 -0.01% -0.05%
1955 -1.17% 1.47%
1954 -0.84% 1.43%
1953 1.75% 2.79%
1952 1.18% 0%
1951 0.79% -2.58%
1950 1.08% -3.66%
1949 0.63% -
1948 1.07% -
1947 0.84% -
1946 2.69% -
1945 -1.03% -
1944 0% -
1943 0% -
1942 0% -
1941 0% -
1940 0% -
1939 0% -
1938 0.03% -
1937 0.22% -
1936 -1.36% -
1935 -0.97% -
1934 0.03% -
1933 1.69% -
1932 -3.22% -
1931 -1.67% -
1930 0.03% -
1929 0.13% -
1928 -4.99% -
1927 -2.33% -
1926 -0.48% -
1925 -3.1% -
1924 -0.8% -
1923 -0.56% -
1922 -1.33% -
1921 -2.41% -
1920 -0.46% -
1919 -0.38% -
1918 1.95% -
1917 3.1% -
1916 1.51% -
1915 -0.48% -
1914 0.43% -
1913 0.07% -
1912 0.13% -
1911 -1.02% -
1910 -1.72% -
1909 -2.49% -
1908 -0.82% -
1907 0.26% -
1906 -0.42% -
1905 0.22% -
1904 -0.1% -
1903 0.03% -
1902 -0.06% -
1901 -0.71% -
1900 -0.84% -
1899 -0.59% -
1898 -0.43% -
1897 -0.61% -
1896 -0.07% -
1895 -0.17% -
1894 -0.26% -
1893 -0.42% -
1892 -0.73% -
1891 -0.76% -
1890 -0.97% -
1889 -0.55% -
1888 -0.49% -
1887 -0.68% -
1886 -0.39% -
1885 0.48% -
1884 1.2% -
1883 0.73% -
1882 0.35% -
1881 0.42% -
1880 -2.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/dominican-republic | CC BY

In 2024, Denmark's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $18.9B, equivalent to 4.46% of GDP. This compares to the Dominican Republic's deficit of $3.84B, or 3.09% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Denmark recorded a fiscal deficit in 25 of those years, while the Dominican Republic ran a deficit in 57 years. On average, Denmark posted an annual surplus equal to 0.38% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.62% of GDP for the Dominican Republic.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Denmark

Dominican Republic
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Denmark Dominican Republic
2024 1.37% 3.3%
2023 3.31% 4.79%
2022 7.7% 8.81%
2021 1.85% 8.24%
2020 0.42% 3.78%
2019 0.76% 1.81%
2018 0.81% 3.56%
2017 1.15% 3.28%
2016 0.25% 1.61%
2015 0.45% 0.84%
2014 0.56% 3%
2013 0.79% 4.83%
2012 2.4% 3.69%
2011 2.76% 5.8%
2010 2.31% 6.33%
2009 1.3% 1.44%
2008 3.42% 10.6%
2007 1.69% 6.14%
2006 1.92% 7.57%
2005 1.82% 4.19%
2004 1.15% 51.5%
2003 2.08% 27.4%
2002 2.42% 5.22%
2001 2.34% 8.88%
2000 2.9% 7.72%
1999 2.5% 6.47%
1998 1.85% 4.83%
1997 2.18% 8.3%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/dominican-republic | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Denmark has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.95%, compared with 7.64% in the Dominican Republic. In 2024, inflation was 1.37% in Denmark and 3.3% in the Dominican Republic.

Top exports between countries

Denmark
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $42.7M
Animal & marine products $19.5M
Chemicals & pharma $14.7M
Machinery & equipment $7.16M
Textiles & consumer goods $997K
Raw agricultural goods $780K
Miscellaneous $555K
Raw materials & minerals $425K
Wood & paper products $338K
Metals $272K
Dominican Republic
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $1.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $950K
Animal & marine products $260K
Machinery & equipment $28K
Textiles & consumer goods $24K
Chemicals & pharma $18K
Raw materials & minerals $8K
Wood & paper products $3K
Metals $1K

Balance of trade

Denmark Dominican Republic
Current account balance
$52.1B
2024
-$4.17B
2024
Current account balance ranking
14/190
2024
163/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+12.3%
2024
-3.35%
2024
Goods imports
$132B
2024
$29.8B
2024
Goods exports
$172B
2024
$13.9B
2024
Service imports
$125B
2024
$6.34B
2024
Service exports
$129B
2024
$14.7B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
60.8%
2024
29%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
71%
2024
22.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Denmark Dominican Republic
Economic freedom 79 63.8
Economic freedom ranking 8/197 77/197
Property rights 99.9 53.9
Government integrity 98 39.8
Judicial effectiveness 89.3 58
Tax burden 43.4 84.4
Government spending 34.8 89.1
Fiscal health 98 76.6
Business freedom 90.4 71.4
Labor freedom 65 53.2
Monetary freedom 80.1 72.1
Trade freedom 79.4 67.4
Investment freedom 90 60
Financial freedom 80 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Denmark
Dominican Republic
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Denmark Dominican Republic
2026 79 63.8
2025 79.1 64.3
2024 77.8 62.9
2023 77.6 62.6
2022 78 63
2021 77.8 62.1
2020 78.3 60.9
2019 76.7 61
2018 76.6 61.6
2017 75.1 62.9
2016 75.3 61
2015 76.3 61
2014 76.1 61.3
2013 76.1 59.7
2012 76.2 60.2
2011 78.6 60
2010 77.9 60.3
2009 79.6 59.2
2008 79.2 57.7
2007 77 56.8
2006 75.4 56.3
2005 75.3 55.1
2004 72.4 54.6
2003 73.2 57.8
2002 71.1 58.6
2001 68.3 59.1
2000 68.3 59
1999 68.1 58.1
1998 67.5 58.1
1997 67.5 53.5
1996 67.3 58.1
1995 - 55.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/dominican-republic | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Denmark is 79, ranking 8/197, compared to 63.8 for the Dominican Republic, ranking 77/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Denmark Dominican Republic
Services, % of GDP
63.5%
2024
59.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.1%
2024
28.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.93%
2024
4.45%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$434B
2024
$117B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$84,680
2024
$26,050
2024
Total reserves including gold
$108B
2024
$13.5B
2024
Total reserves ranking
25/177
2024
71/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$11.9B
2024
-$4.52B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$18.5B
2024
$4.48B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$30.7B
2024
-$47.3M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
5.62%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.4%
2021
19%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
27%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/dominican-republic | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.