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Economy of Dominican Republic vs New Zealand compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

The Dominican Republic has a GDP of $124B compared to $260B for New Zealand, ranking 63/197 and 52/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Dominican Republic has $73.1B in government debt (58.8% of GDP), compared to $131B (50.2% of GDP) in New Zealand.

Dominican Republic vs New Zealand GDP by year

Dominican Republic
New Zealand
1x
Year GDP, current $
Dominican Republic New Zealand
2024 $124,282,245,639 $260,172,385,098
2023 $120,456,239,154 $255,194,972,673
2022 $113,478,087,135 $249,509,991,440
2021 $94,850,719,517 $253,977,931,815
2020 $78,546,672,407 $213,029,554,654
2019 $89,146,130,745 $213,006,341,102
2018 $84,994,732,049 $211,985,631,173
2017 $79,070,274,743 $206,745,969,246
2016 $75,552,902,636 $189,100,085,275
2015 $70,966,782,572 $178,224,167,088
2014 $67,014,329,100 $201,518,402,787
2013 $62,555,417,415 $191,012,364,177
2012 $60,561,635,556 $176,560,711,239
2011 $57,948,261,616 $168,484,908,960
2010 $53,801,053,353 $146,887,902,524
2009 $48,223,781,477 $121,663,439,315
2008 $48,091,433,554 $133,437,126,590
2007 $43,965,458,509 $137,188,946,866
2006 $37,879,830,084 $111,538,810,713
2005 $35,777,560,684 $114,720,129,550
2004 $22,322,387,382 $103,905,210,084
2003 $21,403,167,848 $88,250,885,550
2002 $27,137,440,786 $66,627,729,311
2001 $25,601,823,688 $53,872,425,917
2000 $24,305,780,629 $52,623,281,957
1999 $22,136,579,397 $58,762,260,626
1998 $21,672,215,547 $56,227,169,851
1997 $20,017,450,041 $66,075,143,415
1996 $18,241,622,548 $70,140,835,299
1995 $16,637,370,839 $63,918,703,507
1994 $14,644,734,599 $55,314,732,279
1993 $13,081,042,400 $46,775,620,817
1992 $11,605,382,504 $41,649,829,860
1991 $9,824,483,340 $42,745,329,732
1990 $7,073,675,545 $45,495,129,385
1989 $6,686,593,060 $43,920,222,525
1988 $5,374,299,981 $45,176,811,594
1987 $5,827,050,753 $40,376,354,070
1986 $6,122,128,558 $30,604,668,357
1985 $5,044,579,979 $24,679,795,396
1984 $11,594,000,000 $21,665,975,319
1983 $9,220,600,000 $24,309,279,706
1982 $8,267,400,000 $24,164,603,059
1981 $7,561,300,000 $24,417,617,184
1980 $6,761,300,000 $23,244,547,385
1979 $5,498,800,000 $20,731,243,113
1978 $4,734,400,000 $18,530,518,395
1977 $4,587,100,000 $15,446,825,318
1976 $3,951,500,000 $13,604,832,424
1975 $3,599,200,000 $12,861,983,284
1974 $2,925,700,000 $13,940,981,798
1973 $2,344,800,000 $12,802,281,898
1972 $1,987,400,000 $9,567,331,065
1971 $1,666,500,000 $7,911,136,757
1970 $1,485,500,000 $6,495,605,331
1969 $1,230,500,000 $5,814,357,709
1968 $1,079,100,000 $5,228,045,415
1967 $1,034,800,000 $6,016,017,227
1966 $983,900,000 $5,917,437,693
1965 $888,100,000 $5,706,251,400
1964 $1,025,599,900 $7,340,766,415
1963 $940,799,900 $6,699,741,645
1962 $824,100,000 $6,133,158,532
1961 $654,100,200 $5,721,994,864
1960 $672,399,700 $5,536,098,360

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/new-zealand | CC BY

GDP per capita in Dominican Republic vs New Zealand by year

Dominican Republic
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
New Zealand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Dominican Republic New Zealand
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $10,876 $27,542 $49,205 $55,551
2023 $10,630 $25,840 $49,076 $54,697
2022 $10,104 $24,626 $49,100 $54,034
2021 $8,527 $22,053 $49,950 $48,249
2020 $7,135 $18,998 $41,998 $45,513
2019 $8,183 $19,767 $42,856 $45,278
2018 $7,883 $17,995 $43,257 $42,527
2017 $7,413 $16,846 $42,950 $42,244
2016 $7,160 $16,282 $40,114 $39,989
2015 $6,801 $14,804 $38,665 $37,513
2014 $6,496 $13,465 $44,618 $37,331
2013 $6,137 $12,414 $43,000 $36,263
2012 $6,014 $11,777 $40,054 $33,055
2011 $5,827 $11,695 $38,432 $32,739
2010 $5,479 $11,246 $33,762 $31,305
2009 $4,974 $10,382 $28,277 $30,746
2008 $5,024 $10,346 $31,325 $29,896
2007 $4,650 $9,951 $32,480 $29,331
2006 $4,055 $9,130 $26,655 $27,732
2005 $3,878 $8,215 $27,751 $25,677
2004 $2,452 $7,375 $25,420 $25,124
2003 $2,383 $7,098 $21,914 $23,996
2002 $3,066 $7,158 $16,874 $23,306
2001 $2,936 $6,848 $13,883 $22,511
2000 $2,831 $6,639 $13,641 $21,500
1999 $2,621 $6,305 $15,322 $20,579
1998 $2,608 $5,963 $14,738 $19,323
1997 $2,449 $5,618 $17,474 $19,100
1996 $2,271 $5,161 $18,794 $18,392
1995 $2,109 $4,871 $17,400 $17,864
1994 $1,892 $4,599 $15,280 $17,108
1993 $1,722 $4,474 $13,094 $15,900
1992 $1,558 $4,151 $11,793 $14,877
1991 $1,346 $3,722 $12,230 $14,501
1990 $989 $3,641 $13,663 $14,812
1989 $955 - $13,312 -
1988 $784 - $13,759 -
1987 $868 - $12,331 -
1986 $932 - $9,428 -
1985 $784 - $7,601 -
1984 $1,844 - $6,714 -
1983 $1,500 - $7,598 -
1982 $1,376 - $7,656 -
1981 $1,288 - $7,814 -
1980 $1,180 - $7,467 -
1979 $984 - $6,668 -
1978 $868 - $5,937 -
1977 $863 - $4,951 -
1976 $763 - $4,374 -
1975 $713 - $4,172 -
1974 $595 - $4,611 -
1973 $490 - $4,323 -
1972 $427 - $3,295 -
1971 $368 - $2,773 -
1970 $338 - $2,311 -
1969 $287.7 - $2,097 -
1968 $259.6 - $1,902 -
1967 $256.2 - $2,208 -
1966 $250.9 - $2,211 -
1965 $233.2 - $2,171 -
1964 $277.3 - $2,839 -
1963 $262.2 - $2,646 -
1962 $236.8 - $2,471 -
1961 $193.9 - $2,365 -
1960 $205.7 - $2,334 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/new-zealand | CC BY

The Dominican Republic's GDP per capita is $10,876, ranking 83/197, compared to $49,205 in New Zealand, ranking 26/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Dominican Republic ranks 76th at $27,542, while New Zealand ranks 38th at $55,551.

Economic indicators

Dominican Republic New Zealand
Gross domestic product
$124B
2024
$260B
2024
GDP rank
63/197
2024
52/197
2024
GDP growth
4.95%
2023-2024
1.29%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,876
2024
$49,205
2024
GDP per capita rank
83/197
2024
26/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$27,542
2024
$55,551
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
76/197
2024
38/197
2024
Government debt
$73.1B
2024
$131B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
58.8%
2024
50.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$6,394
2024
$24,722
2024
Government debt per person rank
71/185
2024
28/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,547
2026
$37,758
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$92.9B
2024
Number of billionaires n/a
5
2025
Income share by richest 10%
29.5%
2024
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2024
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
19.5%
2024
41.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.3%
2023-2024
2.92%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
5.5%
2025
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.31%
2024
4.76%
2024
Population
11637906
5374272

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Dominican Republic
Spending

Debt
New Zealand
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Dominican Republic New Zealand
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 19.5% 58.8% 41.9% 50.2%
2023 19.1% 60.5% 41.2% 46.9%
2022 18.5% 59.6% 41.8% 46.9%
2021 18.4% 62.8% 41.9% 47.5%
2020 22.2% 71.8% 42% 43.2%
2019 17.8% 53.5% 38.8% 31.8%
2018 16.5% 50.8% 36.1% 28.1%
2017 17.3% 49.5% 35.6% 31.1%
2016 17% 46.7% 36.4% 33.3%
2015 16.7% 44.8% 37.2% 34.2%
2014 17% 45% 37.7% 34.2%
2013 18.5% 46.8% 38.6% 34.5%
2012 19.8% 42.4% 39.7% 35.7%
2011 16% 39.1% 42.4% 34.7%
2010 16.1% 37.4% 42.9% 29.6%
2009 16.2% 36.8% 40.3% 24.3%
2008 18.5% 33.6% 38.5% 19%
2007 16.3% 32.9% 37.1% 16.3%
2006 17% 36% 37.9% 18.4%
2005 15.5% 38.3% 37.1% 20.8%
2004 17.3% 34.3% 36.2% 22.5%
2003 17.2% 48.2% 36.7% 24.7%
2002 16.5% 21.5% 36.8% 26.4%
2001 14.9% 20.4% 37.2% 28.2%
2000 14.1% 16.7% 38.3% 30%
1999 13.4% 16% 39.3% 32%
1998 12.6% 13.2% 40.1% 34.5%
1997 13.2% 13.8% 39.3% 34.6%
1996 11.4% 23% 39.9% 37.3%
1995 11% 25.7% 41.6% 43.5%
1994 12.1% 28.5% 42.8% 48.9%
1993 13% 36.1% 46.8% 54.6%
1992 10.4% 38.5% 52.5% 58.7%
1991 8.65% 47.3% 53% 58%
1990 9.1% 84.7% 49.6% 55.5%
1989 11.3% 62.5% 47.8% 54.9%
1988 12.8% 77% 46.1% 54.7%
1987 11.2% 86.9% 46.1% 62.9%
1986 10.4% 63.8% 46.9% 68.5%
1985 9.8% 66.3% 46.2% 64.1%
1984 9.32% 28.9% 40.7% 62.8%
1983 10.2% 32.9% 41.4% 59.6%
1982 10.2% 33.1% 39.9% 51.5%
1981 12.1% 29.8% 39.1% 50.5%
1980 12.8% 15.2% 38% 52.2%
1979 13.8% 24% 38.4% 52%
1978 12.3% 20.9% 36.6% 50%
1977 11.4% 16.4% 30% 44.6%
1976 12.5% 15.6% 31.6% 47.6%
1975 13.7% 13.1% 30.1% 41.4%
1974 14.6% 14.6% 27.3% 39.6%
1973 13.7% 14.6% 27.1% 44%
1972 14.1% 16.4% 26.4% 46%
1971 13.8% 17.8% 26.8% 71.3%
1970 13.3% 18% 24.8% 76.5%
1969 15.5% 17.4% 25.9% 85.8%
1968 15.5% 18.1% 26.2% 86.5%
1967 15% 16.2% 26% 59.7%
1966 15.2% 14.5% 25% 58.2%
1965 12.8% - 24.9% 59.6%
1964 16.7% - 19.4% 61.8%
1963 15.1% - 19.4% 64.5%
1962 15.7% - 21.6% 65%
1961 20% - 21.1% 64.6%
1960 20.1% - 25.3% 68.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2024, the Dominican Republic's government spending was $24.2B, accounting for 19.5% of its GDP, while New Zealand spent $109B, or 41.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 58.8% in the Dominican Republic and 50.2% in New Zealand, ranking 83/185 and 107/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Dominican Republic

New Zealand
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Dominican Republic New Zealand
2024 -3.09% -3.61%
2023 -3.28% -3.54%
2022 -3.25% -4.16%
2021 -2.92% -3.5%
2020 -7.94% -4.35%
2019 -3.46% -2.5%
2018 -2.17% 1.27%
2017 -3.12% 1.36%
2016 -3.11% 0.98%
2015 -0.03% 0.36%
2014 -2.76% -0.34%
2013 -4.41% -1.29%
2012 -6.26% -2.19%
2011 -3.07% -4.96%
2010 -2.97% -5.51%
2009 -2.9% -1.81%
2008 -3.43% 1.47%
2007 0.28% 3.6%
2006 -1.69% 4.62%
2005 -0.71% 5.13%
2004 -3.6% 4.49%
2003 -4.24% 3.68%
2002 -2.28% 2.55%
2001 -0.73% 1.29%
2000 -0.86% 0.17%
1999 -0.79% -1.11%
1998 -0.29% -0.48%
1997 -0.64% 1.23%
1996 0.14% 2.58%
1995 0.82% 3.7%
1994 -0.39% 1.99%
1993 -0.16% -1.53%
1992 2.35% -6.27%
1991 0.11% -6.14%
1990 0.39% -2.74%
1989 -0.09% -2.16%
1988 -1.68% -1.88%
1987 -0.75% -3.43%
1986 -0.57% -5.33%
1985 -1.27% -6.97%
1984 -0.95% -8.68%
1983 -1.74% -6.64%
1982 -2.4% -6.26%
1981 -1.92% -6.02%
1980 -1.82% -4.9%
1979 -3.26% -6.55%
1978 -0.82% -3.41%
1977 0.15% -1.09%
1976 -0.22% -2.07%
1975 1.37% 0.11%
1974 -0.93% 0.03%
1973 -0.53% -0.07%
1972 -1.73% 0.12%
1971 -0.85% 0.09%
1970 -0.68% -0.05%
1969 -0.99% 0.17%
1968 -0.99% 0.03%
1967 -1.68% 0.02%
1966 -2.14% 0.09%
1965 -1.84% 0.26%
1964 -1.36% -0.08%
1963 -0.39% -0.26%
1962 -1.17% 0.02%
1961 -3% 0.03%
1960 -0.61% 0.05%
1959 -0.29% 0.03%
1958 -1.29% -0.02%
1957 0.21% 0.32%
1956 -0.05% 1.33%
1955 1.47% 0.73%
1954 1.43% 0.22%
1953 2.79% 0.43%
1952 0% 1.73%
1951 -2.58% 1.17%
1950 -3.66% 0.78%
1949 - 0.53%
1948 - 0.36%
1947 - 1.07%
1946 - 0.31%
1945 - 0.32%
1944 - 0.59%
1943 - 1.24%
1942 - 0.56%
1941 - 0.64%
1940 - 0.13%
1939 - 0.34%
1938 - 0.38%
1937 - 0.23%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 1.19%
1934 - -0.55%
1933 - 0.02%
1932 - -1.77%
1931 - -1.12%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.37%
1928 - 0.12%
1927 - 0.4%
1926 - 0.72%
1925 - 0.78%
1924 - 1.2%
1923 - 0.95%
1922 - -0.2%
1921 - 3.55%
1920 - 1.51%
1919 - 2.9%
1918 - 4.35%
1917 - 3.89%
1916 - 1.46%
1915 - 0.06%
1914 - 0.45%
1913 - 0.79%
1912 - 0.89%
1911 - 1.24%
1910 - 0.36%
1909 - 0.31%
1908 - 1.26%
1907 - 1.13%
1906 - 0.97%
1905 - 1.41%
1904 - 1.42%
1903 - 0.55%
1902 - 0.63%
1901 - 1.11%
1900 - 1.59%
1899 - 1.15%
1898 - 1.38%
1897 - 0.86%
1896 - 0.65%
1895 - 0.32%
1894 - 0.76%
1893 - 1.14%
1892 - 0.09%
1891 - 0.46%
1890 - 0.05%
1889 - 0.59%
1888 - -1.64%
1887 - -1.63%
1886 - -0.53%
1885 - -0.47%
1884 - -0.1%
1883 - 0.38%
1882 - 0.18%
1881 - -2.33%
1880 - -2.39%
1879 - -0.55%
1878 - -0.85%
1877 - -2.53%
1876 - -5.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2024, the Dominican Republic's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3.84B, equivalent to 3.09% of GDP. This compares to New Zealand's deficit of $9.38B, or 3.61% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, the Dominican Republic recorded a fiscal deficit in 57 of those years, while New Zealand ran a deficit in 36 years. On average, the Dominican Republic posted an annual deficit equal to 1.62% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.24% of GDP for New Zealand.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Dominican Republic

New Zealand
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Dominican Republic New Zealand
2024 3.3% 2.92%
2023 4.79% 5.73%
2022 8.81% 7.17%
2021 8.24% 3.94%
2020 3.78% 1.71%
2019 1.81% 1.62%
2018 3.56% 1.6%
2017 3.28% 1.85%
2016 1.61% 0.65%
2015 0.84% 0.29%
2014 3% 1.23%
2013 4.83% 1.13%
2012 3.69% 1.06%
2011 5.8% 4.03%
2010 6.33% 2.3%
2009 1.44% 2.12%
2008 10.6% 3.96%
2007 6.14% 2.38%
2006 7.57% 3.37%
2005 4.19% 3.04%
2004 51.5% 2.29%
2003 27.4% 1.75%
2002 5.22% 2.68%
2001 8.88% 2.63%
2000 7.72% 2.62%
1999 6.47% -0.11%
1998 4.83% 1.27%
1997 8.3% 1.19%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/new-zealand | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, the Dominican Republic has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 7.64%, compared with 2.37% in New Zealand. In 2024, inflation was 3.3% in the Dominican Republic and 2.92% in New Zealand.

Top exports between countries

Dominican Republic
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $9.32M
Wood & paper products $50K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $32K
Textiles & consumer goods $15K
Chemicals & pharma $3K
Raw agricultural goods $3K
New Zealand
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $12.2M
Wood & paper products $2.04M
Transport & tourism services $700K
Machinery & equipment $75K
Textiles & consumer goods $41K
Precious metals & jewellery $5K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5K
Metals $3K
Chemicals & pharma $2K

Balance of trade

Dominican Republic New Zealand
Current account balance
-$4.17B
2024
-$12.1B
2024
Current account balance ranking
163/190
2024
178/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.35%
2024
-4.65%
2024
Goods imports
$29.8B
2024
$47.3B
2024
Goods exports
$13.9B
2024
$43.3B
2024
Service imports
$6.34B
2024
$19.5B
2024
Service exports
$14.7B
2024
$18.9B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
29%
2024
26.4%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.8%
2024
24.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Dominican Republic New Zealand
Economic freedom 63.8 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 77/197 13/197
Property rights 53.9 85.4
Government integrity 39.8 90
Judicial effectiveness 58 95.9
Tax burden 84.4 66.1
Government spending 89.1 48
Fiscal health 76.6 72.2
Business freedom 71.4 89.1
Labor freedom 53.2 68.6
Monetary freedom 72.1 77.4
Trade freedom 67.4 90.6
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Dominican Republic
New Zealand
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Dominican Republic New Zealand
2026 63.8 77.8
2025 64.3 78.1
2024 62.9 77.8
2023 62.6 78.9
2022 63 80.6
2021 62.1 83.9
2020 60.9 84.1
2019 61 84.4
2018 61.6 84.2
2017 62.9 83.7
2016 61 81.6
2015 61 82.1
2014 61.3 81.2
2013 59.7 81.4
2012 60.2 82.1
2011 60 82.3
2010 60.3 82.1
2009 59.2 82
2008 57.7 80.7
2007 56.8 81.4
2006 56.3 82
2005 55.1 82.3
2004 54.6 81.5
2003 57.8 81.1
2002 58.6 80.7
2001 59.1 81.1
2000 59 80.9
1999 58.1 81.7
1998 58.1 79.2
1997 53.5 79
1996 58.1 78.1
1995 55.8 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/new-zealand | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Dominican Republic is 63.8, ranking 77/197, compared to 77.8 for New Zealand, ranking 13/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Dominican Republic New Zealand
Services, % of GDP
59.8%
2024
67.4%
2022
Industry, % of GDP
28.7%
2024
19.6%
2022
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
4.45%
2024
4.57%
2022
GNI, Atlas method
$117B
2024
$252B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$26,050
2024
$53,600
2024
Total reserves including gold
$13.5B
2024
$22.1B
2024
Total reserves ranking
71/177
2024
59/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$4.52B
2024
-$878M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$4.48B
2024
$1.76B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$47.3M
2024
$882M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.62%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
19%
2024
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
27%
2024
22.5%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.