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Economy of Dominican Republic vs New Zealand compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

The Dominican Republic has a GDP of $127B compared to $264B for New Zealand, ranking 65/197 and 53/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Dominican Republic has $75.2B in government debt (59% of GDP), compared to $145B (54.7% of GDP) in New Zealand.

Dominican Republic vs New Zealand GDP by year

Dominican Republic
New Zealand
1x
Year GDP, current $
Dominican Republic New Zealand
2025 $127,407,463,759 $264,057,413,740
2024 $124,282,245,639 $261,497,198,364
2023 $120,456,239,154 $256,372,177,758
2022 $113,478,103,598 $249,723,029,451
2021 $94,850,719,517 $253,732,493,988
2020 $78,546,672,407 $213,318,129,989
2019 $89,146,130,745 $213,088,034,258
2018 $84,994,732,049 $211,726,161,989
2017 $79,070,274,743 $206,561,943,051
2016 $75,552,902,636 $188,980,351,891
2015 $70,966,782,572 $178,147,457,243
2014 $67,014,329,100 $201,435,445,068
2013 $62,555,417,415 $190,943,478,290
2012 $60,561,635,556 $176,508,049,114
2011 $57,948,261,616 $168,458,838,711
2010 $53,801,053,353 $146,887,902,524
2009 $48,223,781,477 $121,663,439,315
2008 $48,091,433,554 $133,437,126,590
2007 $43,965,458,509 $137,188,946,866
2006 $37,879,830,084 $111,538,810,713
2005 $35,777,560,684 $114,720,129,550
2004 $22,322,387,382 $103,905,210,084
2003 $21,403,167,848 $88,250,885,550
2002 $27,137,440,786 $66,627,729,311
2001 $25,601,823,688 $53,872,425,917
2000 $24,305,780,629 $52,623,281,957
1999 $22,136,579,397 $58,762,260,626
1998 $21,672,215,547 $56,227,169,851
1997 $20,017,450,041 $66,075,143,415
1996 $18,241,622,548 $70,140,835,299
1995 $16,637,370,839 $63,918,703,507
1994 $14,644,734,599 $55,314,732,279
1993 $13,081,042,400 $46,775,620,817
1992 $11,605,382,504 $41,649,829,860
1991 $9,824,483,340 $42,745,329,732
1990 $7,073,675,545 $45,495,129,385
1989 $6,686,593,060 $43,920,222,525
1988 $5,374,299,981 $45,176,811,594
1987 $5,827,050,753 $40,376,354,070
1986 $6,122,128,558 $30,604,668,357
1985 $5,044,579,979 $24,679,795,396
1984 $11,594,000,000 $21,665,975,319
1983 $9,220,600,000 $24,309,279,706
1982 $8,267,400,000 $24,164,603,059
1981 $7,561,300,000 $24,417,617,184
1980 $6,761,300,000 $23,244,547,385
1979 $5,498,800,000 $20,731,243,113
1978 $4,734,400,000 $18,530,518,395
1977 $4,587,100,000 $15,446,825,318
1976 $3,951,500,000 $13,604,832,424
1975 $3,599,200,000 $12,861,983,284
1974 $2,925,700,000 $13,940,981,798
1973 $2,344,800,000 $12,802,281,898
1972 $1,987,400,000 $9,567,331,065
1971 $1,666,500,000 $7,911,136,757
1970 $1,485,500,000 $6,495,605,331
1969 $1,230,500,000 $5,814,357,709
1968 $1,079,100,000 $5,228,045,415
1967 $1,034,800,000 $6,016,017,227
1966 $983,900,000 $5,917,437,693
1965 $888,100,000 $5,706,251,400
1964 $1,025,599,900 $7,340,766,415
1963 $940,799,900 $6,699,741,645
1962 $824,100,000 $6,133,158,532
1961 $654,100,200 $5,721,994,864
1960 $672,399,700 $5,536,098,360

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/new-zealand | CC BY

GDP per capita in Dominican Republic vs New Zealand by year

Dominican Republic
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
New Zealand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Dominican Republic New Zealand
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $11,059 - $49,591 -
2024 $10,876 $27,542 $49,432 $55,551
2023 $10,630 $25,840 $49,302 $54,697
2022 $10,104 $24,626 $49,142 $54,034
2021 $8,527 $22,053 $49,902 $48,249
2020 $7,135 $18,998 $42,055 $45,513
2019 $8,183 $19,767 $42,872 $45,278
2018 $7,883 $17,995 $43,204 $42,527
2017 $7,413 $16,846 $42,912 $42,244
2016 $7,160 $16,282 $40,088 $39,989
2015 $6,801 $14,804 $38,649 $37,513
2014 $6,496 $13,465 $44,600 $37,331
2013 $6,137 $12,414 $42,985 $36,263
2012 $6,014 $11,777 $40,042 $33,055
2011 $5,827 $11,695 $38,426 $32,739
2010 $5,479 $11,246 $33,762 $31,305
2009 $4,974 $10,382 $28,277 $30,746
2008 $5,024 $10,346 $31,325 $29,896
2007 $4,650 $9,951 $32,480 $29,331
2006 $4,055 $9,130 $26,655 $27,732
2005 $3,878 $8,215 $27,751 $25,677
2004 $2,452 $7,375 $25,420 $25,124
2003 $2,383 $7,098 $21,914 $23,996
2002 $3,066 $7,158 $16,874 $23,306
2001 $2,936 $6,848 $13,883 $22,511
2000 $2,831 $6,639 $13,641 $21,500
1999 $2,621 $6,305 $15,322 $20,579
1998 $2,608 $5,963 $14,738 $19,323
1997 $2,449 $5,618 $17,474 $19,100
1996 $2,271 $5,161 $18,794 $18,392
1995 $2,109 $4,871 $17,400 $17,864
1994 $1,892 $4,599 $15,280 $17,108
1993 $1,722 $4,474 $13,094 $15,900
1992 $1,558 $4,151 $11,793 $14,877
1991 $1,346 $3,722 $12,230 $14,501
1990 $989 $3,641 $13,663 $14,812
1989 $955 - $13,312 -
1988 $784 - $13,759 -
1987 $868 - $12,331 -
1986 $932 - $9,428 -
1985 $784 - $7,601 -
1984 $1,844 - $6,714 -
1983 $1,500 - $7,598 -
1982 $1,376 - $7,656 -
1981 $1,288 - $7,814 -
1980 $1,180 - $7,467 -
1979 $984 - $6,668 -
1978 $868 - $5,937 -
1977 $863 - $4,951 -
1976 $763 - $4,374 -
1975 $713 - $4,172 -
1974 $595 - $4,611 -
1973 $490 - $4,323 -
1972 $427 - $3,295 -
1971 $368 - $2,773 -
1970 $338 - $2,311 -
1969 $287.7 - $2,097 -
1968 $259.6 - $1,902 -
1967 $256.2 - $2,208 -
1966 $250.9 - $2,211 -
1965 $233.2 - $2,171 -
1964 $277.3 - $2,839 -
1963 $262.2 - $2,646 -
1962 $236.8 - $2,471 -
1961 $193.9 - $2,365 -
1960 $205.7 - $2,334 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/new-zealand | CC BY

The Dominican Republic's GDP per capita is $11,059, ranking 83/197, compared to $49,591 in New Zealand, ranking 26/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Dominican Republic ranks 76th at $27,542, while New Zealand ranks 38th at $55,551.

Economic indicators

Dominican Republic New Zealand
Gross domestic product
$127B
2025
$264B
2025
GDP rank
65/197
2025
53/197
2025
GDP growth
2.12%
2024-2025
0.46%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$11,059
2025
$49,591
2025
GDP per capita rank
83/197
2025
26/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$27,542
2024
$55,551
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
76/197
2024
38/197
2024
Government debt
$75.2B
2025
$145B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
59%
2025
54.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$6,525
2025
$27,139
2025
Government debt per person rank
73/185
2025
27/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$7,179
2026
$36,222
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$103B
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
5
2026
Income share by richest 10%
29.5%
2024
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2024
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
19.3%
2025
41.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.87%
2024-2025
2.84%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
5.5%
2025
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.17%
2025
5.26%
2025
Population
11656588
5380024

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Dominican Republic
Spending

Debt
New Zealand
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Dominican Republic New Zealand
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 19.3% 59% 41.6% 54.7%
2024 19.5% 58.8% 41.7% 51.4%
2023 19.1% 60.5% 41% 47.3%
2022 18.5% 59.6% 41.7% 46.9%
2021 18.4% 62.8% 41.8% 47.5%
2020 22.2% 71.8% 41.9% 43.2%
2019 17.8% 53.5% 38.7% 31.8%
2018 16.5% 50.8% 36.1% 28.1%
2017 17.3% 49.5% 35.6% 31.1%
2016 17% 46.7% 36.4% 33.4%
2015 16.7% 44.8% 37.2% 34.2%
2014 17% 45% 37.6% 34.2%
2013 18.5% 46.8% 38.6% 34.6%
2012 19.8% 42.4% 39.7% 35.7%
2011 16% 39.1% 42.3% 34.7%
2010 16.1% 37.4% 42.9% 29.6%
2009 16.2% 36.8% 40.3% 24.3%
2008 18.5% 33.6% 38.4% 19%
2007 16.3% 32.9% 37% 16.3%
2006 17% 36% 37.8% 18.4%
2005 15.5% 38.3% 37.1% 20.8%
2004 17.3% 34.3% 36.1% 22.5%
2003 17.2% 48.2% 36.6% 24.7%
2002 16.5% 21.5% 36.7% 26.4%
2001 14.9% 20.4% 37.2% 28.2%
2000 14.1% 16.7% 38.2% 30%
1999 13.4% 16% 39.2% 32%
1998 12.6% 13.2% 40.1% 34.5%
1997 13.2% 13.8% 39.3% 34.6%
1996 11.4% 23% 39.8% 37.3%
1995 11% 25.7% 41.6% 43.5%
1994 12.1% 28.5% 42.7% 48.9%
1993 13% 36.1% 46.7% 54.6%
1992 10.4% 38.5% 52.4% 58.7%
1991 8.65% 47.3% 52.9% 58%
1990 9.1% 84.7% 49.5% 55.5%
1989 11.3% 62.5% 47.8% 54.9%
1988 12.8% 77% 46.1% 54.7%
1987 11.2% 86.9% 46.1% 62.9%
1986 10.4% 63.8% 46.9% 68.5%
1985 9.8% 66.3% 46.2% 64.1%
1984 9.32% 28.9% 40.7% 62.8%
1983 10.2% 32.9% 41.4% 59.6%
1982 10.2% 33.1% 39.9% 51.5%
1981 12.1% 29.8% 39.1% 50.5%
1980 12.8% 15.2% 38% 52.2%
1979 13.8% 24% 38.4% 52%
1978 12.3% 20.9% 36.6% 50%
1977 11.4% 16.4% 30% 44.6%
1976 12.5% 15.6% 31.6% 47.6%
1975 13.7% 13.1% 30.1% 41.4%
1974 14.6% 14.6% 27.3% 39.6%
1973 13.7% 14.6% 27.1% 44%
1972 14.1% 16.4% 26.4% 46%
1971 13.8% 17.8% 26.8% 71.3%
1970 13.3% 18% 24.8% 76.5%
1969 15.5% 17.4% 25.9% 85.8%
1968 15.5% 18.1% 26.2% 86.5%
1967 15% 16.2% 26% 59.7%
1966 15.2% 14.5% 25% 58.2%
1965 12.8% - 24.9% 59.6%
1964 16.7% - 19.4% 61.8%
1963 15.1% - 19.4% 64.5%
1962 15.7% - 21.6% 65%
1961 20% - 21.1% 64.6%
1960 20.1% - 25.3% 68.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, the Dominican Republic's government spending was $24.6B, accounting for 19.3% of its GDP, while New Zealand spent $110B, or 41.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 59% in the Dominican Republic and 54.7% in New Zealand, ranking 80/185 and 91/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Dominican Republic

New Zealand
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Dominican Republic New Zealand
2025 -3.56% -3.86%
2024 -3.09% -3.21%
2023 -3.28% -3.22%
2022 -3.25% -3.96%
2021 -2.92% -3.35%
2020 -7.94% -4.21%
2019 -3.46% -2.44%
2018 -2.17% 1.31%
2017 -3.12% 1.38%
2016 -3.11% 0.98%
2015 -0.03% 0.37%
2014 -2.76% -0.33%
2013 -4.41% -1.28%
2012 -6.26% -2.18%
2011 -3.07% -4.94%
2010 -2.97% -5.49%
2009 -2.9% -1.8%
2008 -3.43% 1.48%
2007 0.28% 3.6%
2006 -1.69% 4.62%
2005 -0.71% 5.13%
2004 -3.6% 4.49%
2003 -4.24% 3.69%
2002 -2.28% 2.56%
2001 -0.73% 1.29%
2000 -0.86% 0.18%
1999 -0.79% -1.1%
1998 -0.29% -0.47%
1997 -0.64% 1.24%
1996 0.14% 2.58%
1995 0.82% 3.7%
1994 -0.39% 2%
1993 -0.16% -1.51%
1992 2.35% -6.25%
1991 0.11% -6.12%
1990 0.39% -2.72%
1989 -0.09% -2.16%
1988 -1.68% -1.88%
1987 -0.75% -3.43%
1986 -0.57% -5.33%
1985 -1.27% -6.97%
1984 -0.95% -8.68%
1983 -1.74% -6.64%
1982 -2.4% -6.26%
1981 -1.92% -6.02%
1980 -1.82% -4.9%
1979 -3.26% -6.55%
1978 -0.82% -3.41%
1977 0.15% -1.09%
1976 -0.22% -2.07%
1975 1.37% 0.11%
1974 -0.93% 0.03%
1973 -0.53% -0.07%
1972 -1.73% 0.12%
1971 -0.85% 0.09%
1970 -0.68% -0.05%
1969 -0.99% 0.17%
1968 -0.99% 0.03%
1967 -1.68% 0.02%
1966 -2.14% 0.09%
1965 -1.84% 0.26%
1964 -1.36% -0.08%
1963 -0.39% -0.26%
1962 -1.17% 0.02%
1961 -3% 0.03%
1960 -0.61% 0.05%
1959 -0.29% 0.03%
1958 -1.29% -0.02%
1957 0.21% 0.32%
1956 -0.05% 1.33%
1955 1.47% 0.73%
1954 1.43% 0.22%
1953 2.79% 0.43%
1952 0% 1.73%
1951 -2.58% 1.17%
1950 -3.66% 0.78%
1949 - 0.53%
1948 - 0.36%
1947 - 1.07%
1946 - 0.31%
1945 - 0.32%
1944 - 0.59%
1943 - 1.24%
1942 - 0.56%
1941 - 0.64%
1940 - 0.13%
1939 - 0.34%
1938 - 0.38%
1937 - 0.23%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 1.19%
1934 - -0.55%
1933 - 0.02%
1932 - -1.77%
1931 - -1.12%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.37%
1928 - 0.12%
1927 - 0.4%
1926 - 0.72%
1925 - 0.78%
1924 - 1.2%
1923 - 0.95%
1922 - -0.2%
1921 - 3.55%
1920 - 1.51%
1919 - 2.9%
1918 - 4.35%
1917 - 3.89%
1916 - 1.46%
1915 - 0.06%
1914 - 0.45%
1913 - 0.79%
1912 - 0.89%
1911 - 1.24%
1910 - 0.36%
1909 - 0.31%
1908 - 1.26%
1907 - 1.13%
1906 - 0.97%
1905 - 1.41%
1904 - 1.42%
1903 - 0.55%
1902 - 0.63%
1901 - 1.11%
1900 - 1.59%
1899 - 1.15%
1898 - 1.38%
1897 - 0.86%
1896 - 0.65%
1895 - 0.32%
1894 - 0.76%
1893 - 1.14%
1892 - 0.09%
1891 - 0.46%
1890 - 0.05%
1889 - 0.59%
1888 - -1.64%
1887 - -1.63%
1886 - -0.53%
1885 - -0.47%
1884 - -0.1%
1883 - 0.38%
1882 - 0.18%
1881 - -2.33%
1880 - -2.39%
1879 - -0.55%
1878 - -0.85%
1877 - -2.53%
1876 - -5.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, the Dominican Republic's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $4.53B, equivalent to 3.56% of GDP. This compares to New Zealand's deficit of $10.2B, or 3.86% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, the Dominican Republic recorded a fiscal deficit in 58 of those years, while New Zealand ran a deficit in 37 years. On average, the Dominican Republic posted an annual deficit equal to 1.65% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.25% of GDP for New Zealand.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Dominican Republic

New Zealand
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Dominican Republic New Zealand
2025 3.87% 2.84%
2024 3.3% 2.92%
2023 4.79% 5.73%
2022 8.81% 7.17%
2021 8.24% 3.94%
2020 3.78% 1.71%
2019 1.81% 1.62%
2018 3.56% 1.6%
2017 3.28% 1.85%
2016 1.61% 0.65%
2015 0.84% 0.29%
2014 3% 1.23%
2013 4.83% 1.13%
2012 3.69% 1.06%
2011 5.8% 4.03%
2010 6.33% 2.3%
2009 1.44% 2.12%
2008 10.6% 3.96%
2007 6.14% 2.38%
2006 7.57% 3.37%
2005 4.19% 3.04%
2004 51.5% 2.29%
2003 27.4% 1.75%
2002 5.22% 2.68%
2001 8.88% 2.63%
2000 7.72% 2.62%
1999 6.47% -0.11%
1998 4.83% 1.27%
1997 8.3% 1.19%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/new-zealand | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, the Dominican Republic has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 7.51%, compared with 2.39% in New Zealand. In 2025, inflation was 3.87% in the Dominican Republic and 2.84% in New Zealand.

Top exports between countries

Dominican Republic
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $7.95M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $80K
Wood & paper products $50K
Textiles & consumer goods $38K
Chemicals & pharma $3K
Raw agricultural goods $3K
New Zealand
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $6.16M
Wood & paper products $2.85M
Machinery & equipment $146K
Transport & tourism services $100K
Textiles & consumer goods $68K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $33K
Precious metals & jewellery $21K
Metals $4K
Chemicals & pharma $2K

Balance of trade

Dominican Republic New Zealand
Current account balance
-$1.49B
2025
-$9.56B
2025
Current account balance ranking
128/190
2025
174/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.17%
2025
-3.62%
2025
Goods imports
$29.8B
2025
$48.2B
2025
Goods exports
$16B
2025
$47.2B
2025
Service imports
$5.65B
2025
$20.3B
2025
Service exports
$14.4B
2025
$19.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
27.9%
2025
26%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
23.6%
2025
24.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Dominican Republic New Zealand
Economic freedom 63.8 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 77/197 13/197
Property rights 53.9 85.4
Government integrity 39.8 90
Judicial effectiveness 58 95.9
Tax burden 84.4 66.1
Government spending 89.1 48
Fiscal health 76.6 72.2
Business freedom 71.4 89.1
Labor freedom 53.2 68.6
Monetary freedom 72.1 77.4
Trade freedom 67.4 90.6
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Dominican Republic
New Zealand
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Dominican Republic New Zealand
2026 63.8 77.8
2025 64.3 78.1
2024 62.9 77.8
2023 62.6 78.9
2022 63 80.6
2021 62.1 83.9
2020 60.9 84.1
2019 61 84.4
2018 61.6 84.2
2017 62.9 83.7
2016 61 81.6
2015 61 82.1
2014 61.3 81.2
2013 59.7 81.4
2012 60.2 82.1
2011 60 82.3
2010 60.3 82.1
2009 59.2 82
2008 57.7 80.7
2007 56.8 81.4
2006 56.3 82
2005 55.1 82.3
2004 54.6 81.5
2003 57.8 81.1
2002 58.6 80.7
2001 59.1 81.1
2000 59 80.9
1999 58.1 81.7
1998 58.1 79.2
1997 53.5 79
1996 58.1 78.1
1995 55.8 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/new-zealand | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Dominican Republic is 63.8, ranking 77/197, compared to 77.8 for New Zealand, ranking 13/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Dominican Republic New Zealand
Services, % of GDP
60.1%
2025
68.2%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
28.4%
2025
19.4%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
4.6%
2025
4.01%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$122B
2025
$248B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$26,980
2025
$53,600
2025
Total reserves including gold
$14.8B
2025
$28.2B
2025
Total reserves ranking
71/177
2025
59/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$5.03B
2025
-$3.58B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$4.48B
2024
$1.76B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$47.3M
2024
$882M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.61%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
17.3%
2025
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.7%
2025
23.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.