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Economy of Haiti vs India compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Haiti has a GDP of $25.2B compared to $3.91T for India, ranking 117/197 and 5/197 by economy size, respectively.

Haiti has $3.91B in government debt (15.5% of GDP), compared to $3.19T (81.6% of GDP) in India.

Haiti vs India GDP by year

Haiti
India
1x
Year GDP, current $
Haiti India
2024 $25,224,154,991 $3,909,891,533,858
2023 $19,850,585,722 $3,638,489,096,034
2022 $20,253,551,921 $3,346,107,287,731
2021 $20,944,387,976 $3,167,270,623,260
2020 $14,508,222,518 $2,674,851,578,587
2019 $15,016,090,930 $2,835,606,256,558
2018 $16,403,864,618 $2,702,929,641,649
2017 $15,093,357,161 $2,651,474,262,755
2016 $14,069,277,526 $2,294,796,885,663
2015 $14,849,629,309 $2,103,588,360,045
2014 $15,146,883,498 $2,039,126,479,155
2013 $14,902,488,604 $1,856,721,507,622
2012 $13,708,925,477 $1,827,637,590,410
2011 $13,008,746,039 $1,823,051,829,895
2010 $11,859,312,725 $1,675,615,519,485
2009 $11,597,002,835 $1,341,888,016,995
2008 $10,432,962,635 $1,198,895,139,006
2007 $9,228,637,768 $1,216,736,438,835
2006 $7,638,739,123 $940,259,888,788
2005 $7,030,149,730 $820,383,763,511
2004 $6,087,360,684 $709,152,728,831
2003 $5,071,947,798 $607,700,687,237
2002 $6,205,847,214 $514,939,140,319
2001 $6,331,970,324 $485,440,139,204
2000 $6,813,566,099 $468,395,521,654
1999 $4,153,725,884 $458,821,052,616
1998 $3,723,903,724 $421,351,317,225
1997 $3,338,949,152 $415,867,563,593
1996 $2,907,517,604 $392,896,866,205
1995 $2,813,313,279 $360,281,909,643
1994 $2,167,569,046 $327,274,843,459
1993 $1,878,253,767 $279,295,648,983
1992 $2,257,129,792 $288,208,070,278
1991 $3,473,562,628 $270,105,341,879
1990 $3,096,289,800 $320,979,026,420
1989 $2,736,243,800 $296,042,052,945
1988 $2,613,926,800 $296,589,670,896
1987 $2,047,200,000 $279,033,584,092
1986 $2,318,000,000 $248,985,994,041
1985 $2,009,400,000 $232,511,554,840
1984 $1,816,200,000 $212,157,645,178
1983 $1,623,600,000 $218,262,146,413
1982 $1,474,200,000 $200,715,624,831
1981 $1,479,400,000 $193,491,368,446
1980 $1,383,800,000 $186,328,579,302
1979 $1,080,600,000 $152,995,442,498
1978 $974,200,000 $137,302,319,829
1977 $947,000,000 $121,486,641,441
1976 $879,000,000 $102,716,451,980
1975 $681,400,000 $98,473,832,017
1974 $565,399,322 $99,526,597,934
1973 $466,798,973 $85,517,673,173
1972 $371,998,958 $71,464,700,667
1971 $362,800,000 $67,351,404,352
1970 $331,200,000 $62,422,483,055
1969 $391,820,400 $58,447,995,017
1968 $367,968,800 $53,085,455,871
1967 $369,124,200 $50,134,942,204
1966 $368,948,600 $45,581,230,504
1965 $353,251,800 $59,556,105,229
1964 $325,281,200 $56,480,289,941
1963 $294,883,400 $48,421,923,459
1962 $281,896,800 $42,161,481,858
1961 $271,066,000 $39,232,435,784
1960 $273,187,200 $37,029,883,876

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/india | CC BY

GDP per capita in Haiti vs India by year

Haiti
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Haiti India
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $2,143 $3,194 $2,695 $11,160
2023 $1,706 $3,292 $2,530 $10,323
2022 $1,761 $3,275 $2,347 $9,207
2021 $1,841 $3,145 $2,240 $8,050
2020 $1,290 $3,103 $1,907 $6,966
2019 $1,352 $3,237 $2,041 $7,151
2018 $1,496 $3,197 $1,966 $6,715
2017 $1,395 $3,339 $1,950 $6,145
2016 $1,318 $3,253 $1,708 $5,800
2015 $1,411 $3,026 $1,584 $5,425
2014 $1,460 $3,076 $1,554 $5,192
2013 $1,458 $3,042 $1,433 $5,014
2012 $1,361 $2,830 $1,429 $4,820
2011 $1,312 $2,858 $1,445 $4,455
2010 $1,210 $2,695 $1,348 $4,206
2009 $1,197 $2,855 $1,095 $3,887
2008 $1,095 $2,724 $993 $3,633
2007 $985 $2,647 $1,022 $3,508
2006 $829 $2,504 $802 $3,221
2005 $776 $2,427 $710 $2,937
2004 $683 $2,322 $624 $2,682
2003 $579 $2,331 $544 $2,461
2002 $721 $2,248 $469 $2,277
2001 $749 $2,230 $450 $2,200
2000 $821 $2,229 $443 $2,091
1999 $510 $2,201 $442 $2,006
1998 $465 $2,152 $414 $1,852
1997 $425 $2,122 $416 $1,759
1996 $377 $2,070 $401 $1,695
1995 $372 $1,989 $375 $1,579
1994 $292.1 $1,807 $348 $1,467
1993 $258.1 $2,048 $303 $1,374
1992 $316 $2,158 $319 $1,309
1991 $497 $2,273 $306 $1,239
1990 $452 $2,202 $371 $1,212
1989 $407 - $350 -
1988 $397 - $358 -
1987 $318 - $345 -
1986 $367 - $315 -
1985 $325 - $301 -
1984 $299.2 - $281 -
1983 $272.8 - $296 -
1982 $252.6 - $278.7 -
1981 $258.5 - $275 -
1980 $246.5 - $271.1 -
1979 $196.2 - $228 -
1978 $180.3 - $209.4 -
1977 $178.7 - $189.6 -
1976 $169.1 - $164.1 -
1975 $133.6 - $161.1 -
1974 $113 - $166.7 -
1973 $95.1 - $146.6 -
1972 $77.3 - $125.3 -
1971 $76.8 - $120.7 -
1970 $71.5 - $114.4 -
1969 $86.1 - $109.5 -
1968 $82.4 - $101.6 -
1967 $84.2 - $98 -
1966 $85.7 - $91 -
1965 $83.6 - $121.5 -
1964 $78.5 - $117.9 -
1963 $72.4 - $103.4 -
1962 $70.4 - $92.2 -
1961 $69 - $87.9 -
1960 $70.8 - $84.9 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/india | CC BY

Haiti's GDP per capita is $2,143, ranking 153/197, compared to $2,695 in India, ranking 143/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Haiti ranks 177th at $3,194, while India ranks 130th at $11,160.

Economic indicators

Haiti India
Gross domestic product
$25.2B
2024
$3.91T
2024
GDP rank
117/197
2024
5/197
2024
GDP growth
-4.17%
2023-2024
6.49%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,143
2024
$2,695
2024
GDP per capita rank
153/197
2024
143/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$3,194
2024
$11,160
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
177/197
2024
130/197
2024
Government debt
$3.91B
2024
$3.19T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
15.5%
2024
81.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$332
2024
$2,200
2024
Government debt per person rank
176/185
2024
118/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,896
2026
$4,596
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$5.13T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
917,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
205
2025
Income share by richest 10%
31.2%
2012
22.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.1%
2012
4.5%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
5.25%
2024
28.4%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
26.9%
2023-2024
4.95%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
5.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
14.1%
2012
4.17%
2024
Population
12076663
1480351380

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Haiti
Spending

Debt
India
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Haiti India
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 5.25% 15.5% 28.4% 81.6%
2023 6.46% 28.5% 27.9% 80.7%
2022 8.33% 29.5% 29.1% 82.2%
2021 9.42% 28.9% 29.9% 83.5%
2020 9.86% 22.3% 31% 88.4%
2019 9.59% 26.5% 26.8% 75.1%
2018 11.3% 24.1% 26.3% 70.4%
2017 10.2% 22.5% 26.2% 69.7%
2016 10.5% 24.4% 27.2% 68.9%
2015 12.7% 23.9% 27.1% 69%
2014 14.6% 21.4% 26.2% 67.1%
2013 15.9% 25.1% 26.6% 67.7%
2012 16.4% 24.1% 27.4% 68%
2011 14.1% 22.3% 27.6% 68.7%
2010 12.6% 24.9% 28% 67.7%
2009 11.6% 19.4% 28.5% 72.7%
2008 11.2% 33.9% 29.3% 74.3%
2007 11.1% 24.4% 26.9% 75.4%
2006 9.67% 32.2% 26.9% 77.9%
2005 8.75% 29.7% 26.9% 82.4%
2004 7.38% 30.4% 28.4% 84.9%
2003 7.83% 37.8% 29.9% 85.9%
2002 6.64% 32% 29.1% 84.3%
2001 6.11% 28.8% 28.3% 80.1%
2000 6.25% 32.5% 26.1% 74.9%
1999 6.91% 24.1% 25.8% 71.3%
1998 5.4% 24% 26% 69.3%
1997 5.46% 26.2% 25.2% 69%
1996 - 26.2% 24.4% 67.1%
1995 - 26.2% 25% 70.9%
1994 - 35.3% 26.2% 74.8%
1993 - 98% 26.2% 78.3%
1992 - 118.9% 26.7% 78.8%
1991 - 80.7% 27.3% 76.7%
1990 - 85.1% 25.8% 50.8%
1989 - 98.7% 25.7% 50.5%
1988 - 90.9% 24.9% 48.9%
1987 32.4% 58.6% 22.5% 48.9%
1986 15.1% 26.5% 23.2% 47.9%
1985 17.4% 25.6% 21.6% 44.3%
1984 16.9% 27.3% 19.8% 41.6%
1983 21.9% 28.9% 17.8% 39.6%
1982 20.7% 25.5% 17.8% 41.7%
1981 17.4% 23.7% 16.6% 37.2%
1980 17.2% 20.3% 17.5% 38%
1979 13.1% 19.8% 15.6% 32.2%
1978 18.9% 20.1% 15% 30.8%
1977 16.7% 18.5% 13.9% 29.9%
1976 13.4% 14.9% 14.4% 31.3%
1975 12.8% 14.2% 12.7% 29.5%
1974 9.24% 13.3% 11.3% 29%
1973 9.4% 8.92% 12.9% 34.1%
1972 11.2% 11.1% 13.5% 37.2%
1971 11.2% 11% 12.4% 37.6%
1970 11.4% 12.5% 11.7% 38.1%
1969 10.1% - 11.5% 38.8%
1968 10.3% - 12.6% 40.3%
1967 7.52% - 13.8% 38.5%
1966 7.2% - 13.8% 36.2%
1965 7.91% - 13.7% 36.8%
1964 - - 13.2% 33.8%
1963 8.95% - 12.3% 35.5%
1962 - - 11.5% 36.2%
1961 - - 11.8% 38.7%
1960 7.34% 21.6% 11.2% 36.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/india | CC BY

In 2024, Haiti's government spending was $1.32B, accounting for 5.25% of its GDP, while India spent $1.11T, or 28.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 15.5% in Haiti and 81.6% in India, ranking 177/185 and 43/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Haiti

India
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Haiti India
2024 6.96% -7.9%
2023 0.77% -7.4%
2022 -1.75% -8.97%
2021 -2.45% -9.45%
2020 -1.96% -12.9%
2019 -1.99% -7.69%
2018 -1.13% -6.34%
2017 -0.32% -6.23%
2016 0.12% -7.12%
2015 -1.47% -7.21%
2014 -3.64% -7.07%
2013 -3.98% -7%
2012 -2.71% -7.55%
2011 -1.43% -8.35%
2010 -1.5% -8.79%
2009 -2% -9.7%
2008 -1.8% -9.17%
2007 -1.55% -4.59%
2006 -0.91% -6.38%
2005 -0.83% -7.49%
2004 -1.34% -9.22%
2003 -2.24% -11.4%
2002 -1.8% -11.1%
2001 -1.55% -11%
2000 -1.36% -8.41%
1999 -1.54% -8.7%
1998 0.21% -9.74%
1997 0.37% -8.28%
1996 - -6.71%
1995 - -6.81%
1994 - -8%
1993 - -8.57%
1992 - -7.89%
1991 - -7.9%
1990 - -8.07%
1989 - -7.68%
1988 - -7.01%
1987 -4.94% -9.53%
1986 -1.4% -10.6%
1985 -0.97% -9.58%
1984 -3.52% -8.54%
1983 -5.72% -7.28%
1982 -3.93% -6.78%
1981 -4.38% -6.07%
1980 -5.68% -7.27%
1979 -2.21% -4.87%
1978 -3.24% -4.45%
1977 -2.85% -4.1%
1976 -1.16% -4.1%
1975 -1.73% -3.11%
1974 0.23% -2.3%
1973 0.03% -3.53%
1972 0.24% -3.14%
1971 -0.08% -2.9%
1970 -0.19% -2.35%
1969 -0.39% -2.66%
1968 -0.46% -3.98%
1967 0% -4.97%
1966 0% -4.18%
1965 0% -4.49%
1964 - -4.41%
1963 0% -4.16%
1962 - -3.3%
1961 - -4.1%
1960 0.006% -4.05%
1959 -1.11% -5.29%
1958 -2.21% -5.08%
1957 0.28% -3.35%
1956 -2.18% -2.93%
1955 -0.86% -2.77%
1954 -0.81% -2.61%
1953 -1.01% -1.83%
1952 - 0.03%
1951 - -0.5%
1950 - -1.01%
1949 -0.12% -0.73%
1948 0.21% -0.82%
1947 1.06% -0.86%
1946 0.51% -2.89%
1945 0.47% -4.4%
1944 - -3.32%
1943 - -3.48%
1942 - -3.62%
1941 -0.21% -0.37%
1940 0.13% -0.59%
1939 -0.16% -0.32%
1938 0.15% -0.16%
1937 -0.08% -0.1%
1936 -0.06% -0.45%
1935 -0.2% -0.4%
1934 -1.23% -0.09%
1933 0% 0%
1932 0.4% 0.03%
1931 -0.49% -0.68%
1930 -0.52% -1.02%
1929 -0.32% -0.91%
1928 -0.25% -0.87%
1927 0.73% -0.98%
1926 -0.45% -0.88%
1925 0.05% -0.67%
1924 -0.14% -0.3%
1923 - -0.66%
1922 - -1.05%
1921 - -1.45%
1920 - -1.57%
1919 - -1.04%
1918 - -0.48%
1917 - -5.69%
1916 - 0.25%
1915 - -0.51%
1914 - -0.98%
1913 - -0.85%
1912 - -0.58%
1911 - -0.42%
1910 - -0.85%
1909 - -0.7%
1908 - -1.25%
1907 - -1.22%
1906 - -0.8%
1905 - -2%
1904 - -0.53%
1903 - -0.56%
1902 - -0.56%
1901 - -0.27%
1900 - -1.06%
1899 - -0.56%
1898 - -0.49%
1897 - -1.02%
1896 - -1%
1895 - -0.41%
1894 - -0.5%
1893 - -0.59%
1892 - -0.56%
1891 - -0.64%
1890 - -0.8%
1889 - -0.45%
1888 - -1.94%
1887 - -1.28%
1886 - -0.75%
1885 - -1.48%
1884 - -1.22%
1883 - -0.81%
1882 - -0.77%
1881 - -0.05%
1880 - -0.69%
1879 - -0.39%
1878 - -0.12%
1877 - -0.84%
1876 - -0.8%
1875 - -0.87%
1874 - -0.15%
1873 - -0.28%
1872 - 0.31%
1871 - 0.42%
1870 - 0.19%
1869 - 0.01%
1868 - -0.38%
1867 - -0.12%
1866 - -0.31%
1865 - 0.21%
1864 - -0.11%
1863 - -0.06%
1862 - 0.15%
1861 - -0.16%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/india | CC BY

In 2024, Haiti's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.76B, equivalent to 6.96% of GDP. This compares to India's deficit of $309B, or 7.9% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Haiti recorded a fiscal deficit in 40 of those years, while India ran a deficit in 65 years. On average, Haiti posted an annual deficit equal to 1.42% of GDP, compared to deficit of 6.84% of GDP for India.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Haiti

India
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Haiti India
2024 26.9% 4.95%
2023 36.8% 5.65%
2022 34% 6.7%
2021 16.8% 5.13%
2020 22.8% 6.62%
2019 18.7% 3.73%
2018 12.5% 3.94%
2017 10.7% 3.33%
2016 11.5% 4.95%
2015 6.73% 4.91%
2014 3.44% 6.67%
2013 4.77% 10%
2012 5.02% 9.48%
2011 6.33% 8.91%
2010 4.83% 12%
2009 0.39% 10.9%
2008 15.3% 8.35%
2007 6.56% 6.37%
2006 11.3% 5.8%
2005 14% 4.25%
2004 21% 3.77%
2003 28.7% 3.81%
2002 7.03% 4.3%
2001 13.3% 3.78%
2000 9.33% 4.01%
1999 3% 4.67%
1998 5.27% 13.2%
1997 20.6% 7.16%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/india | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Haiti has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 13.5%, compared with 6.33% in India. In 2024, inflation was 26.9% in Haiti and 4.95% in India.

Top exports between countries

Haiti
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $676K
Metals $223K
Raw agricultural goods $133K
Textiles & consumer goods $17K
Animal & marine products $6K
India
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $35.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $25.1M
Raw agricultural goods $7.25M
Machinery & equipment $5.82M
Raw materials & minerals $4.22M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.82M
Wood & paper products $3.37M
Weapons & explosives $1.64M
Metals $1.5M
Miscellaneous $1.41M

Balance of trade

Haiti India
Current account balance
-$145M
2024
-$32.1B
2024
Current account balance ranking
92/190
2024
186/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.58%
2024
-0.82%
2024
Goods imports
$4.27B
2024
$727B
2024
Goods exports
$767M
2024
$447B
2024
Service imports
$518M
2024
$197B
2024
Service exports
$96.6M
2024
$375B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
18.8%
2024
23.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
3.4%
2024
21.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Haiti India
Economic freedom 46.1 52.5
Economic freedom ranking 178/197 146/197
Property rights 6.6 48.3
Government integrity 13 37.8
Judicial effectiveness 17.3 52.6
Tax burden 81.7 71.2
Government spending 98.7 75.7
Fiscal health 99.5 6.7
Business freedom 30.7 67.4
Labor freedom 54.7 59
Monetary freedom 45.1 70.9
Trade freedom 66.4 61
Investment freedom 20 40
Financial freedom 20 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Haiti
India
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Haiti India
2026 46.1 52.5
2025 46.1 53
2024 48.2 52.9
2023 49.9 52.9
2022 50 53.9
2021 50.8 56.5
2020 52.3 56.5
2019 52.7 55.2
2018 55.8 54.5
2017 49.6 52.6
2016 51.3 56.2
2015 51.3 54.6
2014 48.9 55.7
2013 48.1 55.2
2012 50.7 54.6
2011 52.1 54.6
2010 50.8 53.8
2009 50.5 54.4
2008 49 54.1
2007 51.4 53.9
2006 49.2 52.2
2005 48.4 54.2
2004 51.2 51.5
2003 50.6 51.2
2002 47.9 51.2
2001 47.1 49
2000 45.7 47.4
1999 45.9 50.2
1998 45.7 49.7
1997 45.8 49.7
1996 41 47.4
1995 43 45.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/india | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Haiti is 46.1, ranking 178/197, compared to 52.5 for India, ranking 146/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Haiti India
Services, % of GDP
48.3%
2024
49.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
33.4%
2024
24.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
15.9%
2024
16.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$20.7B
2024
$3.84T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$3,190
2024
$11,000
2024
Total reserves including gold
$2.72B
2024
$643B
2024
Total reserves ranking
121/177
2024
5/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$20M
2024
-$2.89B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$20M
2024
$27.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$0
2024
$24.2B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.15%
2024
2.38%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
58.5%
2012
21.9%
2011
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
9.94%
2024
32.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/india | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2017–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.