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Economy of Finland vs India compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Finland has a GDP of $299B compared to $3.91T for India, ranking 47/197 and 5/197 by economy size, respectively.

Finland has $245B in government debt (82.1% of GDP), compared to $3.19T (81.6% of GDP) in India.

Finland vs India GDP by year

Finland
India
1x
Year GDP, current $
Finland India
2024 $298,696,961,298 $3,909,891,533,858
2023 $295,021,982,463 $3,638,489,096,034
2022 $280,253,099,309 $3,346,107,287,731
2021 $294,223,210,496 $3,167,270,623,260
2020 $270,000,311,606 $2,674,851,578,587
2019 $267,014,821,129 $2,835,606,256,558
2018 $273,869,255,596 $2,702,929,641,649
2017 $253,846,138,440 $2,651,474,262,755
2016 $238,777,818,793 $2,294,796,885,663
2015 $233,210,733,506 $2,103,588,360,045
2014 $273,478,528,955 $2,039,126,479,155
2013 $270,268,036,626 $1,856,721,507,622
2012 $257,443,384,493 $1,827,637,590,410
2011 $275,126,915,516 $1,823,051,829,895
2010 $249,429,613,683 $1,675,615,519,485
2009 $253,480,783,439 $1,341,888,016,995
2008 $285,698,662,071 $1,198,895,139,006
2007 $256,360,251,538 $1,216,736,438,835
2006 $217,044,068,234 $940,259,888,788
2005 $204,859,368,791 $820,383,763,511
2004 $197,458,297,640 $709,152,728,831
2003 $171,612,867,736 $607,700,687,237
2002 $140,360,963,812 $514,939,140,319
2001 $129,519,672,869 $485,440,139,204
2000 $125,967,821,111 $468,395,521,654
1999 $135,234,241,918 $458,821,052,616
1998 $133,990,876,725 $421,351,317,225
1997 $126,862,902,302 $415,867,563,593
1996 $131,991,975,149 $392,896,866,205
1995 $134,060,457,516 $360,281,909,643
1994 $103,182,697,780 $327,274,843,459
1993 $89,112,105,756 $279,295,648,983
1992 $112,537,828,511 $288,208,070,278
1991 $127,794,441,994 $270,105,341,879
1990 $141,446,120,355 $320,979,026,420
1989 $118,991,270,611 $296,042,052,945
1988 $109,039,090,263 $296,589,670,896
1987 $91,564,993,913 $279,033,584,092
1986 $73,511,611,541 $248,985,994,041
1985 $55,856,676,899 $232,511,554,840
1984 $52,870,993,273 $212,157,645,178
1983 $50,956,447,481 $218,262,146,413
1982 $52,784,013,815 $200,715,624,831
1981 $52,440,066,134 $193,491,368,446
1980 $53,649,984,061 $186,328,579,302
1979 $44,469,218,440 $152,995,442,498
1978 $36,259,392,058 $137,302,319,829
1977 $33,502,784,418 $121,486,641,441
1976 $31,852,352,670 $102,716,451,980
1975 $29,475,251,333 $98,473,832,017
1974 $24,851,036,710 $99,526,597,934
1973 $19,474,098,335 $85,517,673,173
1972 $14,744,499,570 $71,464,700,667
1971 $12,528,522,307 $67,351,404,352
1970 $11,358,529,162 $62,422,483,055
1969 $10,177,524,839 $58,447,995,017
1968 $8,916,565,041 $53,085,455,871
1967 $9,468,272,357 $50,134,942,204
1966 $9,306,142,172 $45,581,230,504
1965 $8,680,393,839 $59,556,105,229
1964 $7,848,987,793 $56,480,289,941
1963 $6,958,916,548 $48,421,923,459
1962 $6,407,796,043 $42,161,481,858
1961 $5,984,433,774 $39,232,435,784
1960 $5,279,481,824 $37,029,883,876

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/india | CC BY

GDP per capita in Finland vs India by year

Finland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Finland India
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $53,150 $65,378 $2,695 $11,160
2023 $52,834 $63,415 $2,530 $10,323
2022 $50,441 $62,133 $2,347 $9,207
2021 $53,099 $56,790 $2,240 $8,050
2020 $48,829 $53,297 $1,907 $6,966
2019 $48,358 $52,276 $2,041 $7,151
2018 $49,654 $49,249 $1,966 $6,715
2017 $46,085 $47,235 $1,950 $6,145
2016 $43,451 $44,562 $1,708 $5,800
2015 $42,560 $42,258 $1,584 $5,425
2014 $50,074 $41,547 $1,554 $5,192
2013 $49,691 $41,326 $1,433 $5,014
2012 $47,552 $40,739 $1,429 $4,820
2011 $51,060 $40,846 $1,445 $4,455
2010 $46,506 $38,946 $1,348 $4,206
2009 $47,478 $37,988 $1,095 $3,887
2008 $53,769 $40,081 $993 $3,633
2007 $48,473 $37,843 $1,022 $3,508
2006 $41,214 $34,440 $802 $3,221
2005 $39,050 $32,048 $710 $2,937
2004 $37,768 $31,195 $624 $2,682
2003 $32,920 $29,043 $544 $2,461
2002 $26,989 $28,596 $469 $2,277
2001 $24,965 $27,798 $450 $2,200
2000 $24,336 $26,783 $443 $2,091
1999 $26,180 $24,762 $442 $2,006
1998 $26,000 $23,570 $414 $1,852
1997 $24,682 $21,787 $416 $1,759
1996 $25,757 $20,067 $401 $1,695
1995 $26,246 $19,568 $375 $1,579
1994 $20,278 $18,458 $348 $1,467
1993 $17,589 $17,458 $303 $1,374
1992 $22,320 $17,271 $319 $1,309
1991 $25,489 $17,563 $306 $1,239
1990 $28,366 $18,149 $371 $1,212
1989 $23,969 - $350 -
1988 $22,044 - $358 -
1987 $18,565 - $345 -
1986 $14,947 - $315 -
1985 $11,394 - $301 -
1984 $10,830 - $281 -
1983 $10,494 - $296 -
1982 $10,935 - $278.7 -
1981 $10,925 - $275 -
1980 $11,225 - $271.1 -
1979 $9,333 - $228 -
1978 $7,629 - $209.4 -
1977 $7,070 - $189.6 -
1976 $6,740 - $164.1 -
1975 $6,256 - $161.1 -
1974 $5,298 - $166.7 -
1973 $4,174 - $146.6 -
1972 $3,178 - $125.3 -
1971 $2,716 - $120.7 -
1970 $2,466 - $114.4 -
1969 $2,201 - $109.5 -
1968 $1,927 - $101.6 -
1967 $2,056 - $98 -
1966 $2,032 - $91 -
1965 $1,902 - $121.5 -
1964 $1,726 - $117.9 -
1963 $1,538 - $103.4 -
1962 $1,427 - $92.2 -
1961 $1,341 - $87.9 -
1960 $1,192 - $84.9 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/india | CC BY

Finland's GDP per capita is $53,150, ranking 23/197, compared to $2,695 in India, ranking 143/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Finland ranks 27th at $65,378, while India ranks 130th at $11,160.

Economic indicators

Finland India
Gross domestic product
$299B
2024
$3.91T
2024
GDP rank
47/197
2024
5/197
2024
GDP growth
0.42%
2023-2024
6.49%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$53,150
2024
$2,695
2024
GDP per capita rank
23/197
2024
143/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$65,378
2024
$11,160
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
27/197
2024
130/197
2024
Government debt
$245B
2024
$3.19T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
82.1%
2024
81.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$43,662
2024
$2,200
2024
Government debt per person rank
12/185
2024
118/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$36,394
2026
$4,596
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$20.3B
2004
$5.13T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
917,000
2025
Number of billionaires
7
2025
205
2025
Income share by richest 10%
22.5%
2023
22.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
4.5%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.7%
2024
28.4%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
1.57%
2023-2024
4.95%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
5.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
8.34%
2024
4.17%
2024
Population
5631965
1480351380

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Finland
Spending

Debt
India
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Finland India
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 57.7% 82.1% 28.4% 81.6%
2023 55.9% 77.5% 27.9% 80.7%
2022 52.6% 74% 29.1% 82.2%
2021 55.2% 73.2% 29.9% 83.5%
2020 56.5% 75.3% 31% 88.4%
2019 52.6% 65.3% 26.8% 75.1%
2018 52.7% 65.3% 26.3% 70.4%
2017 52.8% 66.6% 26.2% 69.7%
2016 55.1% 68.6% 27.2% 68.9%
2015 55.7% 68.8% 27.1% 69%
2014 57.6% 64.8% 26.2% 67.1%
2013 57.1% 60.8% 26.6% 67.7%
2012 55.7% 57.9% 27.4% 68%
2011 53.8% 52% 27.6% 68.7%
2010 54% 50.1% 28% 67.7%
2009 54.1% 41.5% 28.5% 72.7%
2008 47.9% 32.6% 29.3% 74.3%
2007 46.7% 33.9% 26.9% 75.4%
2006 48.3% 38% 26.9% 77.9%
2005 49.2% 39.9% 26.9% 82.4%
2004 48.2% 42.6% 28.4% 84.9%
2003 48.3% 42.7% 29.9% 85.9%
2002 47.5% 40.1% 29.1% 84.3%
2001 46.2% 40.9% 28.3% 80.1%
2000 46.9% 42.4% 26.1% 74.9%
1999 49.9% 44% 25.8% 71.3%
1998 51.3% 46.8% 26% 69.3%
1997 54.9% 52.2% 25.2% 69%
1996 58.5% 55.4% 24.4% 67.1%
1995 60% 55.2% 25% 70.9%
1994 62.2% 56.2% 26.2% 74.8%
1993 63.7% 54.2% 26.2% 78.3%
1992 60.8% 39.3% 26.7% 78.8%
1991 55.8% 21.9% 27.3% 76.7%
1990 47.1% 13.9% 25.8% 50.8%
1989 44.4% 14.3% 25.7% 50.5%
1988 46.4% 16.5% 24.9% 48.9%
1987 47.8% 17.6% 22.5% 48.9%
1986 46.9% 16.4% 23.2% 47.9%
1985 46.3% 15.8% 21.6% 44.3%
1984 44.4% 15.2% 19.8% 41.6%
1983 44.4% 15.4% 17.8% 39.6%
1982 42.7% 13.9% 17.8% 41.7%
1981 41% 11.5% 16.6% 37.2%
1980 40.1% 10.9% 17.5% 38%
1979 40.3% 11% 15.6% 32.2%
1978 41.3% 10.7% 15% 30.8%
1977 41.7% 8.22% 13.9% 29.9%
1976 39.8% 7.09% 14.4% 31.3%
1975 38.6% 6.76% 12.7% 29.5%
1974 22.9% 2.97% 11.3% 29%
1973 21.8% 4.42% 12.9% 34.1%
1972 20.4% 6.46% 13.5% 37.2%
1971 22.8% 7.94% 12.4% 37.6%
1970 21.9% 9.19% 11.7% 38.1%
1969 22.2% 10.8% 11.5% 38.8%
1968 25.5% 13.9% 12.6% 40.3%
1967 23.5% 14.2% 13.8% 38.5%
1966 23.3% 13.7% 13.8% 36.2%
1965 23.2% 13% 13.7% 36.8%
1964 22.8% 12.5% 13.2% 33.8%
1963 21.6% 12.2% 12.3% 35.5%
1962 23.9% 10.3% 11.5% 36.2%
1961 22.7% 9.12% 11.8% 38.7%
1960 22.5% 9.96% 11.2% 36.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/india | CC BY

In 2024, Finland's government spending was $172B, accounting for 57.7% of its GDP, while India spent $1.11T, or 28.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 82.1% in Finland and 81.6% in India, ranking 42/185 and 43/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Finland

India
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Finland India
2024 -4.41% -7.9%
2023 -2.98% -7.4%
2022 -0.18% -8.97%
2021 -2.69% -9.45%
2020 -5.53% -12.9%
2019 -0.93% -7.69%
2018 -0.87% -6.34%
2017 -0.63% -6.23%
2016 -1.7% -7.12%
2015 -2.43% -7.21%
2014 -2.99% -7.07%
2013 -2.52% -7%
2012 -2.15% -7.55%
2011 -1.01% -8.35%
2010 -2.57% -8.79%
2009 -2.48% -9.7%
2008 4.18% -9.17%
2007 5.12% -4.59%
2006 3.93% -6.38%
2005 2.59% -7.49%
2004 2.16% -9.22%
2003 2.34% -11.4%
2002 3.97% -11.1%
2001 4.89% -11%
2000 6.73% -8.41%
1999 1.6% -8.7%
1998 1.54% -9.74%
1997 -1.33% -8.28%
1996 -3.37% -6.71%
1995 -5.98% -6.81%
1994 -6.41% -8%
1993 -8.09% -8.57%
1992 -4.88% -7.89%
1991 0.3% -7.9%
1990 6.63% -8.07%
1989 6.73% -7.68%
1988 5.09% -7.01%
1987 1.63% -9.53%
1986 3.83% -10.6%
1985 3.33% -9.58%
1984 3.23% -8.54%
1983 1.52% -7.28%
1982 3.06% -6.78%
1981 5.11% -6.07%
1980 3.7% -7.27%
1979 3.41% -4.87%
1978 3.83% -4.45%
1977 6.27% -4.1%
1976 7.65% -4.1%
1975 4.96% -3.11%
1974 -0.03% -2.3%
1973 1.48% -3.53%
1972 -0.18% -3.14%
1971 0.15% -2.9%
1970 1.06% -2.35%
1969 0.94% -2.66%
1968 -1.69% -3.98%
1967 -0.26% -4.97%
1966 -1.08% -4.18%
1965 -1.67% -4.49%
1964 -1.35% -4.41%
1963 -2.5% -4.16%
1962 -2.37% -3.3%
1961 -3.03% -4.1%
1960 -0.52% -4.05%
1959 -0.12% -5.29%
1958 -1.73% -5.08%
1957 0.08% -3.35%
1956 -1.14% -2.93%
1955 -1% -2.77%
1954 -0.17% -2.61%
1953 0.02% -1.83%
1952 -1.24% 0.03%
1951 1.1% -0.5%
1950 -0.26% -1.01%
1949 -2.77% -0.73%
1948 1.88% -0.82%
1947 -5.99% -0.86%
1946 -15.3% -2.89%
1945 -6.35% -4.4%
1944 -21.5% -3.32%
1943 -14.2% -3.48%
1942 -16.4% -3.62%
1941 -35.8% -0.37%
1940 -36.9% -0.59%
1939 -9.76% -0.32%
1938 -1.48% -0.16%
1937 -4.44% -0.1%
1936 -3.75% -0.45%
1935 -3.81% -0.4%
1934 -2.81% -0.09%
1933 -1.63% 0%
1932 -2.61% 0.03%
1931 -2.32% -0.68%
1930 -1.94% -1.02%
1929 -0.78% -0.91%
1928 -2.07% -0.87%
1927 -0.32% -0.98%
1926 -2.9% -0.88%
1925 -2.92% -0.67%
1924 0.04% -0.3%
1923 -2.3% -0.66%
1922 0.62% -1.05%
1921 -2.59% -1.45%
1920 -2.6% -1.57%
1919 -7.49% -1.04%
1918 -11.4% -0.48%
1917 -1.27% -5.69%
1916 1.48% 0.25%
1915 -0.29% -0.51%
1914 -1.15% -0.98%
1913 -0.25% -0.85%
1912 0.33% -0.58%
1911 -0.14% -0.42%
1910 -0.3% -0.85%
1909 -2.64% -0.7%
1908 -1.92% -1.25%
1907 0.24% -1.22%
1906 0.86% -0.8%
1905 -1.28% -2%
1904 -1.63% -0.53%
1903 -0.3% -0.56%
1902 -1.74% -0.56%
1901 -2.13% -0.27%
1900 -0.52% -1.06%
1899 -1% -0.56%
1898 -4.55% -0.49%
1897 -0.37% -1.02%
1896 -0.56% -1%
1895 -1.21% -0.41%
1894 -0.62% -0.5%
1893 0% -0.59%
1892 0.82% -0.56%
1891 0.16% -0.64%
1890 0.17% -0.8%
1889 0.18% -0.45%
1888 -0.59% -1.94%
1887 -1.46% -1.28%
1886 0% -0.75%
1885 -1.2% -1.48%
1884 -0.2% -1.22%
1883 0% -0.81%
1882 0.2% -0.77%
1881 - -0.05%
1880 - -0.69%
1879 - -0.39%
1878 - -0.12%
1877 - -0.84%
1876 - -0.8%
1875 - -0.87%
1874 - -0.15%
1873 - -0.28%
1872 - 0.31%
1871 - 0.42%
1870 - 0.19%
1869 - 0.01%
1868 - -0.38%
1867 - -0.12%
1866 - -0.31%
1865 - 0.21%
1864 - -0.11%
1863 - -0.06%
1862 - 0.15%
1861 - -0.16%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/india | CC BY

In 2024, Finland's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $13.2B, equivalent to 4.41% of GDP. This compares to India's deficit of $309B, or 7.9% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Finland recorded a fiscal deficit in 33 of those years, while India ran a deficit in 65 years. On average, Finland posted an annual surplus equal to 0.49% of GDP, compared to deficit of 6.84% of GDP for India.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Finland

India
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Finland India
2024 1.57% 4.95%
2023 6.25% 5.65%
2022 7.12% 6.7%
2021 2.19% 5.13%
2020 0.29% 6.62%
2019 1.02% 3.73%
2018 1.08% 3.94%
2017 0.75% 3.33%
2016 0.36% 4.95%
2015 -0.21% 4.91%
2014 1.04% 6.67%
2013 1.48% 10%
2012 2.81% 9.48%
2011 3.42% 8.91%
2010 1.18% 12%
2009 -0% 10.9%
2008 4.07% 8.35%
2007 2.51% 6.37%
2006 1.57% 5.8%
2005 0.62% 4.25%
2004 0.19% 3.77%
2003 0.88% 3.81%
2002 1.57% 4.3%
2001 2.58% 3.78%
2000 3.04% 4.01%
1999 1.16% 4.67%
1998 1.4% 13.2%
1997 1.19% 7.16%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/india | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Finland has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.83%, compared with 6.33% in India. In 2024, inflation was 1.57% in Finland and 4.95% in India.

Top exports between countries

Finland
Export category Export value
IT & IP services $479M
Machinery & equipment $477M
Wood & paper products $95.9M
Chemicals & pharma $94.3M
Metals $81.7M
Business & finance services $72.9M
Transport & tourism services $70.7M
Manufacturing & construction services $13M
Textiles & consumer goods $10.1M
Raw materials & minerals $8.14M
India
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $209M
Chemicals & pharma $170M
Metals $52.4M
Textiles & consumer goods $41.5M
Raw materials & minerals $23.7M
Raw agricultural goods $5.47M
Precious metals & jewellery $4.5M
Wood & paper products $3.37M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.98M
Weapons & explosives $1.27M

Balance of trade

Finland India
Current account balance
-$1.99B
2024
-$32.1B
2024
Current account balance ranking
143/190
2024
186/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.67%
2024
-0.82%
2024
Goods imports
$76.6B
2024
$727B
2024
Goods exports
$83.1B
2024
$447B
2024
Service imports
$47.4B
2024
$197B
2024
Service exports
$42B
2024
$375B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.6%
2024
23.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.9%
2024
21.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Finland India
Economic freedom 76.6 52.5
Economic freedom ranking 15/197 146/197
Property rights 99.9 48.3
Government integrity 95.4 37.8
Judicial effectiveness 96.4 52.6
Tax burden 68.4 71.2
Government spending 7.9 75.7
Fiscal health 76.3 6.7
Business freedom 85.3 67.4
Labor freedom 65.4 59
Monetary freedom 80.3 70.9
Trade freedom 79.4 61
Investment freedom 85 40
Financial freedom 80 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Finland
India
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Finland India
2026 76.6 52.5
2025 77 53
2024 76.3 52.9
2023 77.1 52.9
2022 78.3 53.9
2021 76.1 56.5
2020 75.7 56.5
2019 74.9 55.2
2018 74.1 54.5
2017 74 52.6
2016 72.6 56.2
2015 73.4 54.6
2014 73.4 55.7
2013 74 55.2
2012 72.3 54.6
2011 74 54.6
2010 73.8 53.8
2009 74.5 54.4
2008 74.6 54.1
2007 74 53.9
2006 72.9 52.2
2005 71 54.2
2004 73.4 51.5
2003 73.7 51.2
2002 73.6 51.2
2001 69.7 49
2000 64.3 47.4
1999 63.9 50.2
1998 63.5 49.7
1997 65.2 49.7
1996 63.7 47.4
1995 - 45.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/india | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Finland is 76.6, ranking 15/197, compared to 52.5 for India, ranking 146/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Finland India
Services, % of GDP
62.2%
2024
49.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
22.8%
2024
24.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.47%
2024
16.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$290B
2024
$3.84T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$65,640
2024
$11,000
2024
Total reserves including gold
$18B
2024
$643B
2024
Total reserves ranking
65/177
2024
5/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$3.28B
2024
-$2.89B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$8.74B
2024
$27.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$12B
2024
$24.2B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
2.38%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.2%
2022
21.9%
2011
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.3%
2024
32.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/india | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.