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Economy of Fiji vs India compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Fiji has a GDP of $5.97B compared to $3.91T for India, ranking 161/197 and 5/197 by economy size, respectively.

Fiji has $4.54B in government debt (76.2% of GDP), compared to $3.19T (81.6% of GDP) in India.

Fiji vs India GDP by year

Fiji
India
1x
Year GDP, current $
Fiji India
2024 $5,968,125,909 $3,909,891,533,858
2023 $5,476,673,518 $3,638,489,096,034
2022 $4,977,861,886 $3,346,107,287,731
2021 $4,158,873,156 $3,167,270,623,260
2020 $4,227,719,873 $2,674,851,578,587
2019 $5,344,907,153 $2,835,606,256,558
2018 $5,581,425,327 $2,702,929,641,649
2017 $5,353,469,174 $2,651,474,262,755
2016 $4,930,213,644 $2,294,796,885,663
2015 $4,682,479,894 $2,103,588,360,045
2014 $4,857,104,769 $2,039,126,479,155
2013 $4,189,967,999 $1,856,721,507,622
2012 $3,972,028,104 $1,827,637,590,410
2011 $3,779,411,899 $1,823,051,829,895
2010 $3,140,166,713 $1,675,615,519,485
2009 $2,870,624,636 $1,341,888,016,995
2008 $3,523,185,920 $1,198,895,139,006
2007 $3,378,314,600 $1,216,736,438,835
2006 $3,076,305,453 $940,259,888,788
2005 $2,980,403,845 $820,383,763,511
2004 $2,708,078,477 $709,152,728,831
2003 $2,300,492,465 $607,700,687,237
2002 $1,833,279,985 $514,939,140,319
2001 $1,652,462,023 $485,440,139,204
2000 $1,678,219,508 $468,395,521,654
1999 $1,936,459,986 $458,821,052,616
1998 $1,653,146,717 $421,351,317,225
1997 $2,090,221,137 $415,867,563,593
1996 $2,128,696,644 $392,896,866,205
1995 $1,970,301,486 $360,281,909,643
1994 $1,825,732,093 $327,274,843,459
1993 $1,636,101,247 $279,295,648,983
1992 $1,532,411,039 $288,208,070,278
1991 $1,383,883,250 $270,105,341,879
1990 $1,337,017,559 $320,979,026,420
1989 $1,182,660,266 $296,042,052,945
1988 $1,110,009,523 $296,589,670,896
1987 $1,177,947,965 $279,033,584,092
1986 $1,290,267,340 $248,985,994,041
1985 $1,141,168,944 $232,511,554,840
1984 $1,178,000,678 $212,157,645,178
1983 $1,123,085,190 $218,262,146,413
1982 $1,194,059,943 $200,715,624,831
1981 $1,235,626,771 $193,491,368,446
1980 $1,202,618,816 $186,328,579,302
1979 $1,019,691,460 $152,995,442,498
1978 $829,267,889 $137,302,319,829
1977 $719,501,766 $121,486,641,441
1976 $694,540,806 $102,716,451,980
1975 $684,282,434 $98,473,832,017
1974 $558,587,097 $99,526,597,934
1973 $425,950,488 $85,517,673,173
1972 $316,656,649 $71,464,700,667
1971 $247,749,328 $67,351,404,352
1970 $219,878,482 $62,422,483,055
1969 $182,182,068 $58,447,995,017
1968 $166,952,937 $53,085,455,871
1967 $162,625,886 $50,134,942,204
1966 $150,603,926 $45,581,230,504
1965 $147,084,750 $59,556,105,229
1964 $140,032,741 $56,480,289,941
1963 $129,454,729 $48,421,923,459
1962 $122,906,435 $42,161,481,858
1961 $116,987,785 $39,232,435,784
1960 $112,328,422 $37,029,883,876

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/india | CC BY

GDP per capita in Fiji vs India by year

Fiji
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Fiji India
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $6,426 $15,450 $2,695 $11,160
2023 $5,926 $14,644 $2,530 $10,323
2022 $5,414 $12,982 $2,347 $9,207
2021 $4,537 $10,322 $2,240 $8,050
2020 $4,621 $10,716 $1,907 $6,966
2019 $5,842 $12,978 $2,041 $7,151
2018 $6,085 $12,984 $1,966 $6,715
2017 $5,827 $12,585 $1,950 $6,145
2016 $5,364 $11,766 $1,708 $5,800
2015 $5,098 $11,519 $1,584 $5,425
2014 $5,293 $10,516 $1,554 $5,192
2013 $4,572 $8,842 $1,433 $5,014
2012 $4,341 $8,204 $1,429 $4,820
2011 $4,140 $7,672 $1,445 $4,455
2010 $3,449 $7,339 $1,348 $4,206
2009 $3,164 $7,068 $1,095 $3,887
2008 $3,900 $7,154 $993 $3,633
2007 $3,763 $6,990 $1,022 $3,508
2006 $3,455 $6,921 $802 $3,221
2005 $3,378 $6,652 $710 $2,937
2004 $3,097 $6,463 $624 $2,682
2003 $2,656 $6,033 $544 $2,461
2002 $2,137 $5,914 $469 $2,277
2001 $1,945 $5,699 $450 $2,200
2000 $1,996 $5,521 $443 $2,091
1999 $2,328 $5,552 $442 $2,006
1998 $2,010 $5,090 $414 $1,852
1997 $2,574 $5,031 $416 $1,759
1996 $2,648 $5,109 $401 $1,695
1995 $2,467 $4,818 $375 $1,579
1994 $2,297 $4,627 $348 $1,467
1993 $2,070 $4,334 $303 $1,374
1992 $1,951 $4,172 $319 $1,309
1991 $1,775 $3,873 $306 $1,239
1990 $1,729 $3,882 $371 $1,212
1989 $1,543 - $350 -
1988 $1,463 - $358 -
1987 $1,569 - $345 -
1986 $1,745 - $315 -
1985 $1,577 - $301 -
1984 $1,667 - $281 -
1983 $1,628 - $296 -
1982 $1,773 - $278.7 -
1981 $1,879 - $275 -
1980 $1,873 - $271.1 -
1979 $1,627 - $228 -
1978 $1,355 - $209.4 -
1977 $1,204 - $189.6 -
1976 $1,186 - $164.1 -
1975 $1,188 - $161.1 -
1974 $984 - $166.7 -
1973 $762 - $146.6 -
1972 $575 - $125.3 -
1971 $458 - $120.7 -
1970 $414 - $114.4 -
1969 $350 - $109.5 -
1968 $327 - $101.6 -
1967 $326 - $98 -
1966 $310 - $91 -
1965 $311 - $121.5 -
1964 $306 - $117.9 -
1963 $291.4 - $103.4 -
1962 $285.5 - $92.2 -
1961 $280.3 - $87.9 -
1960 $277.4 - $84.9 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/india | CC BY

Fiji's GDP per capita is $6,426, ranking 108/197, compared to $2,695 in India, ranking 143/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Fiji ranks 113th at $15,450, while India ranks 130th at $11,160.

Economic indicators

Fiji India
Gross domestic product
$5.97B
2024
$3.91T
2024
GDP rank
161/197
2024
5/197
2024
GDP growth
3.53%
2023-2024
6.49%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$6,426
2024
$2,695
2024
GDP per capita rank
108/197
2024
143/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$15,450
2024
$11,160
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
113/197
2024
130/197
2024
Government debt
$4.54B
2024
$3.19T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
76.2%
2024
81.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$4,893
2024
$2,200
2024
Government debt per person rank
80/185
2024
118/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,964
2026
$4,596
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$5.13T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
917,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
205
2025
Income share by richest 10%
24.2%
2019
22.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
3.5%
2019
4.5%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
29.7%
2024
28.4%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.51%
2023-2024
4.95%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
0.25%
2020
5.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.36%
2024
4.17%
2024
Population
938628
1480351380

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Fiji
Spending

Debt
India
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Fiji India
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 29.7% 76.2% 28.4% 81.6%
2023 28.8% 79.1% 27.9% 80.7%
2022 30.9% 83.3% 29.1% 82.2%
2021 36.7% 89% 29.9% 83.5%
2020 36.2% 72.9% 31% 88.4%
2019 30.8% 49.7% 26.8% 75.1%
2018 31.8% 44.8% 26.3% 70.4%
2017 27.3% 42.2% 26.2% 69.7%
2016 31.4% 43.6% 27.2% 68.9%
2015 29.8% 43% 27.1% 69%
2014 29.1% 44.5% 26.2% 67.1%
2013 25.1% 45.8% 26.6% 67.7%
2012 25.5% 47.7% 27.4% 68%
2011 25.3% 48.6% 27.6% 68.7%
2010 24.8% 51.8% 28% 67.7%
2009 26.2% 51.5% 28.5% 72.7%
2008 22.6% 47.5% 29.3% 74.3%
2007 23.3% 46% 26.9% 75.4%
2006 24.8% 49.2% 26.9% 77.9%
2005 23.3% 44% 26.9% 82.4%
2004 24% 44.5% 28.4% 84.9%
2003 25.8% 44.9% 29.9% 85.9%
2002 27.4% 43.4% 29.1% 84.3%
2001 26.4% 41% 28.3% 80.1%
2000 24.8% 36.9% 26.1% 74.9%
1999 23.2% 32.7% 25.8% 71.3%
1998 26.8% 36.6% 26% 69.3%
1997 29.1% 54.1% 25.2% 69%
1996 26.4% 48.8% 24.4% 67.1%
1995 23.2% 48.4% 25% 70.9%
1994 24.3% 47.6% 26.2% 74.8%
1993 25.7% 44.3% 26.2% 78.3%
1992 25.8% 42.2% 26.7% 78.8%
1991 - - 27.3% 76.7%
1990 - - 25.8% 50.8%
1989 - - 25.7% 50.5%
1988 - - 24.9% 48.9%
1987 - - 22.5% 48.9%
1986 - - 23.2% 47.9%
1985 - - 21.6% 44.3%
1984 - - 19.8% 41.6%
1983 - - 17.8% 39.6%
1982 - - 17.8% 41.7%
1981 - - 16.6% 37.2%
1980 - - 17.5% 38%
1979 - - 15.6% 32.2%
1978 - - 15% 30.8%
1977 - - 13.9% 29.9%
1976 - - 14.4% 31.3%
1975 - - 12.7% 29.5%
1974 - - 11.3% 29%
1973 - - 12.9% 34.1%
1972 - - 13.5% 37.2%
1971 - - 12.4% 37.6%
1970 - - 11.7% 38.1%
1969 - - 11.5% 38.8%
1968 - - 12.6% 40.3%
1967 - - 13.8% 38.5%
1966 - - 13.8% 36.2%
1965 - - 13.7% 36.8%
1964 - - 13.2% 33.8%
1963 - - 12.3% 35.5%
1962 - - 11.5% 36.2%
1961 - - 11.8% 38.7%
1960 - - 11.2% 36.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/india | CC BY

In 2024, Fiji's government spending was $1.77B, accounting for 29.7% of its GDP, while India spent $1.11T, or 28.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 76.2% in Fiji and 81.6% in India, ranking 47/185 and 43/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Fiji

India
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Fiji India
2024 -3.36% -7.9%
2023 -6.82% -7.4%
2022 -11.2% -8.97%
2021 -14.6% -9.45%
2020 -9.24% -12.9%
2019 -3.67% -7.69%
2018 -4.72% -6.34%
2017 -2.22% -6.23%
2016 -5.58% -7.12%
2015 -3.8% -7.21%
2014 -3.36% -7.07%
2013 -0.08% -7%
2012 -0.67% -7.55%
2011 -0.69% -8.35%
2010 -1.26% -8.79%
2009 -2.76% -9.7%
2008 1.54% -9.17%
2007 0.35% -4.59%
2006 -0.74% -6.38%
2005 -1.14% -7.49%
2004 -0.95% -9.22%
2003 -3.34% -11.4%
2002 -3.58% -11.1%
2001 -4.4% -11%
2000 -1.37% -8.41%
1999 1.1% -8.7%
1998 5.21% -9.74%
1997 -4.48% -8.28%
1996 -3.35% -6.71%
1995 0.77% -6.81%
1994 -0.19% -8%
1993 -1.83% -8.57%
1992 -2.14% -7.89%
1991 - -7.9%
1990 - -8.07%
1989 - -7.68%
1988 - -7.01%
1987 - -9.53%
1986 - -10.6%
1985 - -9.58%
1984 - -8.54%
1983 - -7.28%
1982 - -6.78%
1981 - -6.07%
1980 - -7.27%
1979 - -4.87%
1978 - -4.45%
1977 - -4.1%
1976 - -4.1%
1975 - -3.11%
1974 - -2.3%
1973 - -3.53%
1972 - -3.14%
1971 - -2.9%
1970 - -2.35%
1969 - -2.66%
1968 - -3.98%
1967 - -4.97%
1966 - -4.18%
1965 - -4.49%
1964 - -4.41%
1963 - -4.16%
1962 - -3.3%
1961 - -4.1%
1960 - -4.05%
1959 - -5.29%
1958 - -5.08%
1957 - -3.35%
1956 - -2.93%
1955 - -2.77%
1954 - -2.61%
1953 - -1.83%
1952 - 0.03%
1951 - -0.5%
1950 - -1.01%
1949 - -0.73%
1948 - -0.82%
1947 - -0.86%
1946 - -2.89%
1945 - -4.4%
1944 - -3.32%
1943 - -3.48%
1942 - -3.62%
1941 - -0.37%
1940 - -0.59%
1939 - -0.32%
1938 - -0.16%
1937 - -0.1%
1936 - -0.45%
1935 - -0.4%
1934 - -0.09%
1933 - 0%
1932 - 0.03%
1931 - -0.68%
1930 - -1.02%
1929 - -0.91%
1928 - -0.87%
1927 - -0.98%
1926 - -0.88%
1925 - -0.67%
1924 - -0.3%
1923 - -0.66%
1922 - -1.05%
1921 - -1.45%
1920 - -1.57%
1919 - -1.04%
1918 - -0.48%
1917 - -5.69%
1916 - 0.25%
1915 - -0.51%
1914 - -0.98%
1913 - -0.85%
1912 - -0.58%
1911 - -0.42%
1910 - -0.85%
1909 - -0.7%
1908 - -1.25%
1907 - -1.22%
1906 - -0.8%
1905 - -2%
1904 - -0.53%
1903 - -0.56%
1902 - -0.56%
1901 - -0.27%
1900 - -1.06%
1899 - -0.56%
1898 - -0.49%
1897 - -1.02%
1896 - -1%
1895 - -0.41%
1894 - -0.5%
1893 - -0.59%
1892 - -0.56%
1891 - -0.64%
1890 - -0.8%
1889 - -0.45%
1888 - -1.94%
1887 - -1.28%
1886 - -0.75%
1885 - -1.48%
1884 - -1.22%
1883 - -0.81%
1882 - -0.77%
1881 - -0.05%
1880 - -0.69%
1879 - -0.39%
1878 - -0.12%
1877 - -0.84%
1876 - -0.8%
1875 - -0.87%
1874 - -0.15%
1873 - -0.28%
1872 - 0.31%
1871 - 0.42%
1870 - 0.19%
1869 - 0.01%
1868 - -0.38%
1867 - -0.12%
1866 - -0.31%
1865 - 0.21%
1864 - -0.11%
1863 - -0.06%
1862 - 0.15%
1861 - -0.16%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/india | CC BY

In 2024, Fiji's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $201M, equivalent to 3.36% of GDP. This compares to India's deficit of $309B, or 7.9% of GDP.

Over the past 33 years, Fiji recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while India ran a deficit in 33 years. On average, Fiji posted an annual deficit equal to 2.81% of GDP, compared to deficit of 8.28% of GDP for India.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Fiji

India
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Fiji India
2024 4.51% 4.95%
2023 2.34% 5.65%
2022 4.32% 6.7%
2021 0.16% 5.13%
2020 -2.6% 6.62%
2019 1.77% 3.73%
2018 4.08% 3.94%
2017 3.35% 3.33%
2016 3.86% 4.95%
2015 1.37% 4.91%
2014 0.52% 6.67%
2013 2.91% 10%
2012 3.42% 9.48%
2011 7.28% 8.91%
2010 3.69% 12%
2009 3.13% 10.9%
2008 7.73% 8.35%
2007 4.8% 6.37%
2006 2.49% 5.8%
2005 2.37% 4.25%
2004 2.83% 3.77%
2003 4.17% 3.81%
2002 0.76% 4.3%
2001 4.27% 3.78%
2000 1.09% 4.01%
1999 1.97% 4.67%
1998 5.71% 13.2%
1997 3.37% 7.16%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/india | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Fiji has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.06%, compared with 6.33% in India. In 2024, inflation was 4.51% in Fiji and 4.95% in India.

Top exports between countries

Fiji
Export category Export value
Metals $372K
Textiles & consumer goods $218K
Machinery & equipment $152K
Raw agricultural goods $106K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $85K
Raw materials & minerals $68K
Chemicals & pharma $48K
Precious metals & jewellery $23K
Miscellaneous $3K
Wood & paper products $3K
India
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $22M
Machinery & equipment $18.8M
Chemicals & pharma $17.6M
Raw agricultural goods $5.25M
Precious metals & jewellery $4.68M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $4.34M
Raw materials & minerals $2.7M
Metals $2.68M
Wood & paper products $1.6M
Animal & marine products $955K

Balance of trade

Fiji India
Current account balance
-$866M
2022
-$32.1B
2024
Current account balance ranking
120/190
2022
186/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-17.4%
2022
-0.82%
2024
Goods imports
$2.68B
2022
$727B
2024
Goods exports
$1.05B
2022
$447B
2024
Service imports
$754M
2022
$197B
2024
Service exports
$1.33B
2022
$375B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
69.2%
2023
23.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
57%
2023
21.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Fiji India
Economic freedom 59.5 52.5
Economic freedom ranking 103/197 146/197
Property rights 59.9 48.3
Government integrity 55.4 37.8
Judicial effectiveness 53.2 52.6
Tax burden 87.8 71.2
Government spending 70 75.7
Fiscal health 7.5 6.7
Business freedom 69.5 67.4
Labor freedom 66.9 59
Monetary freedom 72.4 70.9
Trade freedom 66.6 61
Investment freedom 55 40
Financial freedom 50 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Fiji
India
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Fiji India
2026 59.5 52.5
2025 59.1 53
2024 58 52.9
2023 58 52.9
2022 56.4 53.9
2021 62.2 56.5
2020 63.4 56.5
2019 62.2 55.2
2018 62 54.5
2017 63.4 52.6
2016 58.8 56.2
2015 59 54.6
2014 58.7 55.7
2013 57.2 55.2
2012 57.3 54.6
2011 60.4 54.6
2010 60.3 53.8
2009 61 54.4
2008 61.8 54.1
2007 60.8 53.9
2006 58.4 52.2
2005 58.2 54.2
2004 58 51.5
2003 54.7 51.2
2002 53.9 51.2
2001 53.7 49
2000 57.8 47.4
1999 58.4 50.2
1998 58.2 49.7
1997 58 49.7
1996 57.4 47.4
1995 54.7 45.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/india | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Fiji is 59.5, ranking 103/197, compared to 52.5 for India, ranking 146/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Fiji India
Services, % of GDP
54.6%
2024
49.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
16.5%
2024
24.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
13.2%
2024
16.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$5.4B
2024
$3.84T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$14,490
2024
$11,000
2024
Total reserves including gold
$1.6B
2024
$643B
2024
Total reserves ranking
133/177
2024
5/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$86.9M
2022
-$2.89B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$204M
2024
$27.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$25.6M
2024
$24.2B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
4.36%
2024
2.38%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
31%
2020
21.9%
2011
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
19.7%
2023
32.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/india | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.