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Economy of Congo vs India compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

The Congo has a GDP of $16.3B compared to $3.96T for India, ranking 143/197 and 6/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Congo has $15.8B in government debt (96.8% of GDP), compared to $3.33T (84.1% of GDP) in India.

Congo vs India GDP by year

Congo
India
1x
Year GDP, current $
Congo India
2025 $16,306,633,779 $3,956,067,115,772
2024 $15,719,986,077 $3,760,813,470,501
2023 $15,321,055,823 $3,500,906,030,645
2022 $15,817,030,155 $3,249,938,492,013
2021 $14,825,690,211 $3,167,270,623,260
2020 $11,468,687,464 $2,674,851,578,587
2019 $13,976,637,780 $2,835,606,256,558
2018 $14,773,900,289 $2,702,929,641,649
2017 $11,834,473,039 $2,651,474,262,755
2016 $10,931,328,151 $2,294,796,885,663
2015 $12,434,793,867 $2,103,588,360,045
2014 $17,919,321,078 $2,039,126,479,155
2013 $17,958,720,699 $1,856,721,507,622
2012 $17,692,911,296 $1,827,637,590,410
2011 $15,655,383,577 $1,823,051,829,895
2010 $13,148,396,212 $1,675,615,519,485
2009 $9,723,299,915 $1,341,888,016,995
2008 $11,649,857,673 $1,198,895,139,006
2007 $8,782,703,437 $1,216,736,438,835
2006 $8,072,305,029 $940,259,888,788
2005 $6,650,001,680 $820,383,763,511
2004 $4,656,974,940 $709,152,728,831
2003 $3,503,723,088 $607,700,687,237
2002 $3,034,250,924 $514,939,140,319
2001 $2,796,704,604 $485,440,139,204
2000 $3,227,927,698 $468,395,521,654
1999 $2,354,772,960 $458,821,052,616
1998 $1,949,481,379 $421,351,317,225
1997 $2,322,719,103 $415,867,563,593
1996 $2,540,697,539 $392,896,866,205
1995 $2,116,003,868 $360,281,909,643
1994 $1,769,365,438 $327,274,843,459
1993 $2,684,323,623 $279,295,648,983
1992 $2,933,222,703 $288,208,070,278
1991 $2,724,853,506 $270,105,341,879
1990 $2,798,746,050 $320,979,026,420
1989 $2,389,593,026 $296,042,052,945
1988 $2,212,536,312 $296,589,670,896
1987 $2,297,753,652 $279,033,584,092
1986 $1,849,268,212 $248,985,994,041
1985 $2,160,872,540 $232,511,554,840
1984 $2,193,581,365 $212,157,645,178
1983 $2,097,274,290 $218,262,146,413
1982 $2,160,640,565 $200,715,624,831
1981 $1,993,512,323 $193,491,368,446
1980 $1,705,796,853 $186,328,579,302
1979 $1,198,749,667 $152,995,442,498
1978 $878,771,772 $137,302,319,829
1977 $765,224,029 $121,486,641,441
1976 $754,549,601 $102,716,451,980
1975 $767,102,680 $98,473,832,017
1974 $585,364,634 $99,526,597,934
1973 $541,973,363 $85,517,673,173
1972 $410,669,264 $71,464,700,667
1971 $322,128,019 $67,351,404,352
1970 $274,960,700 $62,422,483,055
1969 $265,040,036 $58,447,995,017
1968 $251,247,458 $53,085,455,871
1967 $237,397,428 $50,134,942,204
1966 $220,613,582 $45,581,230,504
1965 $198,318,064 $59,556,105,229
1964 $185,693,725 $56,480,289,941
1963 $172,233,431 $48,421,923,459
1962 $166,521,240 $42,161,481,858
1961 $151,675,739 $39,232,435,784
1960 $131,731,863 $37,029,883,876

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/india | CC BY

GDP per capita in Congo vs India by year

Congo
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Congo India
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $2,515 - $2,702 -
2024 $2,482 $7,026 $2,592 $11,160
2023 $2,478 $6,850 $2,434 $10,323
2022 $2,621 $6,647 $2,280 $9,207
2021 $2,516 $6,263 $2,240 $8,050
2020 $1,994 $4,771 $1,907 $6,966
2019 $2,488 $5,720 $2,041 $7,151
2018 $2,694 $5,593 $1,966 $6,715
2017 $2,212 $4,445 $1,950 $6,145
2016 $2,093 $4,016 $1,708 $5,800
2015 $2,439 $4,715 $1,584 $5,425
2014 $3,601 $5,733 $1,554 $5,192
2013 $3,697 $5,834 $1,433 $5,014
2012 $3,732 $6,058 $1,429 $4,820
2011 $3,396 $5,175 $1,445 $4,455
2010 $2,947 $5,125 $1,348 $4,206
2009 $2,271 $4,801 $1,095 $3,887
2008 $2,832 $4,448 $993 $3,633
2007 $2,206 $4,243 $1,022 $3,508
2006 $2,104 $4,588 $802 $3,221
2005 $1,799 $4,279 $710 $2,937
2004 $1,306 $3,992 $624 $2,682
2003 $1,017 $3,887 $544 $2,461
2002 $906 $3,888 $469 $2,277
2001 $855 $3,748 $450 $2,200
2000 $1,024 $3,667 $443 $2,091
1999 $776 $3,464 $442 $2,006
1998 $660 $3,602 $414 $1,852
1997 $804 $3,510 $416 $1,759
1996 $899 $3,547 $401 $1,695
1995 $770 $3,434 $375 $1,579
1994 $662 $3,327 $348 $1,467
1993 $1,034 $3,550 $303 $1,374
1992 $1,164 $3,608 $319 $1,309
1991 $1,113 $3,536 $306 $1,239
1990 $1,176 $3,437 $371 $1,212
1989 $1,033 - $350 -
1988 $984 - $358 -
1987 $1,052 - $345 -
1986 $872 - $315 -
1985 $1,049 - $301 -
1984 $1,097 - $281 -
1983 $1,075 - $296 -
1982 $1,131 - $278.7 -
1981 $1,066 - $275 -
1980 $933 - $271.1 -
1979 $670 - $228 -
1978 $503 - $209.4 -
1977 $448 - $189.6 -
1976 $453 - $164.1 -
1975 $471 - $161.1 -
1974 $370 - $166.7 -
1973 $353 - $146.6 -
1972 $276.3 - $125.3 -
1971 $223.5 - $120.7 -
1970 $196.7 - $114.4 -
1969 $195.4 - $109.5 -
1968 $190.8 - $101.6 -
1967 $185.7 - $98 -
1966 $177.6 - $91 -
1965 $164.2 - $121.5 -
1964 $158.1 - $117.9 -
1963 $150.7 - $103.4 -
1962 $149.6 - $92.2 -
1961 $139.9 - $87.9 -
1960 $124.7 - $84.9 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/india | CC BY

The Congo's GDP per capita is $2,515, ranking 153/197, compared to $2,702 in India, ranking 149/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Congo ranks 148th at $7,026, while India ranks 130th at $11,160.

Economic indicators

Congo India
Gross domestic product
$16.3B
2025
$3.96T
2025
GDP rank
143/197
2025
6/197
2025
GDP growth
3.08%
2024-2025
7.57%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$2,515
2025
$2,702
2025
GDP per capita rank
153/197
2025
149/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$7,026
2024
$11,160
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
148/197
2024
130/197
2024
Government debt
$15.8B
2025
$3.33T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
96.8%
2025
84.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$2,435
2025
$2,272
2025
Government debt per person rank
114/185
2025
116/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,494
2026
$2,974
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$10.6T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
944,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
229
2026
Income share by richest 10%
37.9%
2011
22.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
1.6%
2011
4.5%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
23.9%
2025
28.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.6%
2024-2025
2.4%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
5.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
10%
2012
4.51%
2025
Population
6718789
1483314140

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Congo
Spending

Debt
India
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Congo India
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 23.9% 96.8% 28.5% 84.1%
2024 21.7% 98% 29.3% 84.8%
2023 20.7% 102.9% 29.7% 85%
2022 22.8% 93.5% 30% 84.6%
2021 20.9% 97.8% 30.7% 85.7%
2020 21.1% 102.5% 31.8% 90.6%
2019 20.2% 77.6% 27.4% 76.7%
2018 17.8% 71.2% 26.8% 71.7%
2017 26.6% 88.5% 26.6% 70.8%
2016 38.8% 84.5% 27.6% 69.8%
2015 41.3% 74.2% 27.3% 69.8%
2014 48.6% 42.3% 26.2% 67.6%
2013 42.4% 33.9% 26.5% 68%
2012 30.7% 30.2% 27.2% 68.1%
2011 27.9% 34.4% 27.3% 68.7%
2010 23% 43.5% 27.7% 67.7%
2009 24.4% 83.8% 28.1% 72.7%
2008 24.2% 69.6% 28.3% 74.3%
2007 28.6% 93.8% 26.1% 75.4%
2006 26.6% 94.7% 25.6% 77.9%
2005 22.1% 99.8% 26% 82.4%
2004 24.4% 122.6% 28.4% 84.9%
2003 27% 185.3% 29.9% 85.9%
2002 32.1% 163.5% 29.1% 84.3%
2001 29.1% 180.1% 28.3% 80.1%
2000 22.6% 145% 26.1% 74.9%
1999 28.8% 0% 25.8% 71.3%
1998 25.1% 0% 26% 69.3%
1997 22.2% 0% 25.2% 69%
1996 15.7% 0% 24.4% 67.1%
1995 27.6% 0% 25% 70.9%
1994 30.7% 0% 26.2% 74.8%
1993 32.8% 0% 26.2% 78.3%
1992 32.8% 0% 26.7% 78.8%
1991 34.1% 0% 26.8% 76.7%
1990 30.4% 0% 25.4% 50.8%
1989 20.3% 151.7% 25.7% 50.5%
1988 - - 24.9% 48.9%
1987 - - 22.5% 48.9%
1986 - - 23.2% 47.9%
1985 - - 21.6% 44.3%
1984 - - 19.8% 41.6%
1983 - - 17.8% 39.6%
1982 - - 17.8% 41.7%
1981 - - 16.6% 37.2%
1980 - - 17.5% 38%
1979 - - 15.6% 32.2%
1978 - - 15% 30.8%
1977 - - 13.9% 29.9%
1976 - - 14.4% 31.3%
1975 - - 12.7% 29.5%
1974 - - 11.3% 29%
1973 - - 12.9% 34.1%
1972 - - 13.5% 37.2%
1971 - - 12.4% 37.6%
1970 - - 11.7% 38.1%
1969 - - 11.5% 38.8%
1968 - - 12.6% 40.3%
1967 - - 13.8% 38.5%
1966 - - 13.8% 36.2%
1965 - - 13.7% 36.8%
1964 - - 13.2% 33.8%
1963 - - 12.3% 35.5%
1962 - - 11.5% 36.2%
1961 - - 11.8% 38.7%
1960 - - 11.2% 36.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/india | CC BY

In 2025, the Congo's government spending was $3.9B, accounting for 23.9% of its GDP, while India spent $1.13T, or 28.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 96.8% in the Congo and 84.1% in India, ranking 27/185 and 38/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Congo

India
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Congo India
2025 0.28% -7.44%
2024 3.62% -7.85%
2023 5.81% -8.37%
2022 8.94% -9.23%
2021 1.63% -9.7%
2020 -1.1% -13.2%
2019 4.3% -7.86%
2018 5.22% -6.46%
2017 -5.57% -6.33%
2016 -14.5% -7.21%
2015 -17.8% -7.28%
2014 -10.7% -6.9%
2013 -2.85% -6.78%
2012 7.24% -7.32%
2011 16.1% -8.03%
2010 15.5% -8.53%
2009 4.76% -9.26%
2008 23.9% -8.15%
2007 8.99% -3.73%
2006 16% -5.11%
2005 13.4% -6.64%
2004 3.33% -9.22%
2003 0.37% -11.4%
2002 -7.34% -11.1%
2001 -0.71% -11%
2000 1.05% -8.41%
1999 -4.75% -8.7%
1998 -5.16% -9.74%
1997 3.67% -8.28%
1996 9.2% -6.71%
1995 -6.38% -6.81%
1994 -10.6% -8%
1993 -11.3% -8.57%
1992 -12.7% -7.89%
1991 -11.2% -7.44%
1990 -4.1% -7.63%
1989 0.78% -7.68%
1988 - -7.01%
1987 - -9.53%
1986 - -10.6%
1985 - -9.58%
1984 - -8.54%
1983 - -7.28%
1982 - -6.78%
1981 - -6.07%
1980 - -7.27%
1979 - -4.87%
1978 - -4.45%
1977 - -4.1%
1976 - -4.1%
1975 - -3.11%
1974 - -2.3%
1973 - -3.53%
1972 - -3.14%
1971 - -2.9%
1970 - -2.35%
1969 - -2.66%
1968 - -3.98%
1967 - -4.97%
1966 - -4.18%
1965 - -4.49%
1964 - -4.41%
1963 - -4.16%
1962 - -3.3%
1961 - -4.1%
1960 - -4.05%
1959 - -5.29%
1958 - -5.08%
1957 - -3.35%
1956 - -2.93%
1955 - -2.77%
1954 - -2.61%
1953 - -1.83%
1952 - 0.03%
1951 - -0.5%
1950 - -1.01%
1949 - -0.73%
1948 - -0.82%
1947 - -0.86%
1946 - -2.89%
1945 - -4.4%
1944 - -3.32%
1943 - -3.48%
1942 - -3.62%
1941 - -0.37%
1940 - -0.59%
1939 - -0.32%
1938 - -0.16%
1937 - -0.1%
1936 - -0.45%
1935 - -0.4%
1934 - -0.09%
1933 - 0%
1932 - 0.03%
1931 - -0.68%
1930 - -1.02%
1929 - -0.91%
1928 - -0.87%
1927 - -0.98%
1926 - -0.88%
1925 - -0.67%
1924 - -0.3%
1923 - -0.66%
1922 - -1.05%
1921 - -1.45%
1920 - -1.57%
1919 - -1.04%
1918 - -0.48%
1917 - -5.69%
1916 - 0.25%
1915 - -0.51%
1914 - -0.98%
1913 - -0.85%
1912 - -0.58%
1911 - -0.42%
1910 - -0.85%
1909 - -0.7%
1908 - -1.25%
1907 - -1.22%
1906 - -0.8%
1905 - -2%
1904 - -0.53%
1903 - -0.56%
1902 - -0.56%
1901 - -0.27%
1900 - -1.06%
1899 - -0.56%
1898 - -0.49%
1897 - -1.02%
1896 - -1%
1895 - -0.41%
1894 - -0.5%
1893 - -0.59%
1892 - -0.56%
1891 - -0.64%
1890 - -0.8%
1889 - -0.45%
1888 - -1.94%
1887 - -1.28%
1886 - -0.75%
1885 - -1.48%
1884 - -1.22%
1883 - -0.81%
1882 - -0.77%
1881 - -0.05%
1880 - -0.69%
1879 - -0.39%
1878 - -0.12%
1877 - -0.84%
1876 - -0.8%
1875 - -0.87%
1874 - -0.15%
1873 - -0.28%
1872 - 0.31%
1871 - 0.42%
1870 - 0.19%
1869 - 0.01%
1868 - -0.38%
1867 - -0.12%
1866 - -0.31%
1865 - 0.21%
1864 - -0.11%
1863 - -0.06%
1862 - 0.15%
1861 - -0.16%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/india | CC BY

In 2025, the Congo's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $45.6M, equivalent to 0.28% of GDP. This compares to India's deficit of $294B, or 7.44% of GDP.

Over the past 37 years, the Congo recorded a fiscal deficit in 16 of those years, while India ran a deficit in 37 years. On average, the Congo posted an annual surplus equal to 0.73% of GDP, compared to deficit of 8.11% of GDP for India.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Congo

India
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Congo India
2025 2.6% 2.4%
2024 3.1% 4.95%
2023 4.3% 5.65%
2022 3% 6.7%
2021 2% 5.13%
2020 1.4% 6.62%
2019 0.4% 3.73%
2018 1.2% 3.94%
2017 0.4% 3.33%
2016 3.2% 4.95%
2015 3.2% 4.91%
2014 0.9% 6.67%
2013 4.6% 10%
2012 5% 9.48%
2011 1.8% 8.91%
2010 0.4% 12%
2009 4.3% 10.9%
2008 6% 8.35%
2007 2.6% 6.37%
2006 4.7% 5.8%
2005 2.5% 4.25%
2004 3.7% 3.77%
2003 1.7% 3.81%
2002 3% 4.3%
2001 0.8% 3.78%
2000 0.5% 4.01%
1999 3% 4.67%
1998 2.2% 13.2%
1997 12.7% 7.16%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/india | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, the Congo has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.94%, compared with 6.2% in India. In 2025, inflation was 2.6% in the Congo and 2.4% in India.

Top exports between countries

Congo
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $377M
Metals $4.32M
Machinery & equipment $1.86M
Wood & paper products $1.16M
Miscellaneous $15K
Textiles & consumer goods $13K
Chemicals & pharma $1K
India
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $79.8M
Chemicals & pharma $28.3M
Raw agricultural goods $28M
Animal & marine products $25.1M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $15.6M
Textiles & consumer goods $11.2M
Raw materials & minerals $5.87M
Metals $3.36M
Wood & paper products $2.48M
Weapons & explosives $1.56M

Balance of trade

Congo India
Current account balance
$1.72B
2021
-$16.5B
2025
Current account balance ranking
46/190
2021
182/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+11.6%
2021
-0.42%
2025
Goods imports
$2.78B
2021
$761B
2025
Goods exports
$7.51B
2021
$450B
2025
Service imports
$1.71B
2021
$203B
2025
Service exports
$240M
2021
$412B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
43.6%
2025
24%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
48%
2025
22.3%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Congo India
Economic freedom 48.6 52.5
Economic freedom ranking 169/197 146/197
Property rights 28.7 48.3
Government integrity 13.9 37.8
Judicial effectiveness 15.4 52.6
Tax burden 73.7 71.2
Government spending 85.8 75.7
Fiscal health 80.8 6.7
Business freedom 35.8 67.4
Labor freedom 52.4 59
Monetary freedom 78.4 70.9
Trade freedom 52.8 61
Investment freedom 35 40
Financial freedom 30 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Congo
India
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Congo India
2026 48.6 52.5
2025 48.6 53
2024 47.8 52.9
2023 48.1 52.9
2022 48.5 53.9
2021 50.7 56.5
2020 41.8 56.5
2019 39.7 55.2
2018 38.9 54.5
2017 40 52.6
2016 42.8 56.2
2015 42.7 54.6
2014 43.7 55.7
2013 43.5 55.2
2012 43.8 54.6
2011 43.6 54.6
2010 43.2 53.8
2009 45.4 54.4
2008 45.3 54.1
2007 44.4 53.9
2006 43.8 52.2
2005 46.2 54.2
2004 45.9 51.5
2003 47.7 51.2
2002 45.3 51.2
2001 44.3 49
2000 40.6 47.4
1999 41.6 50.2
1998 33.8 49.7
1997 42.2 49.7
1996 40.3 47.4
1995 - 45.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/india | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Congo is 48.6, ranking 169/197, compared to 52.5 for India, ranking 146/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Congo India
Services, % of GDP
54.3%
2025
49.3%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
35.6%
2025
25.2%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
10.1%
2025
16.2%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$14.8B
2025
$4.04T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$6,490
2025
$11,600
2025
Total reserves including gold
$759M
2024
$700B
2025
Total reserves ranking
147/177
2024
5/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$330M
2021
-$3.41B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$604M
2024
$27.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$25.4M
2024
$24.2B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7.67%
2024
2.47%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
40.9%
2011
21.9%
2011
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
29.4%
2025
34.6%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.