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Economy of Belize vs India compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Belize has a GDP of $3.2B compared to $3.91T for India, ranking 168/197 and 5/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belize has $2.1B in government debt (65.4% of GDP), compared to $3.19T (81.6% of GDP) in India.

Belize vs India GDP by year

Belize
India
1x
Year GDP, current $
Belize India
2024 $3,203,631,800 $3,909,891,533,858
2023 $3,052,362,650 $3,638,489,096,034
2022 $2,846,604,350 $3,346,107,287,731
2021 $2,428,606,250 $3,167,270,623,260
2020 $2,047,284,600 $2,674,851,578,587
2019 $2,381,187,850 $2,835,606,256,558
2018 $2,285,915,050 $2,702,929,641,649
2017 $2,266,028,250 $2,651,474,262,755
2016 $2,239,604,950 $2,294,796,885,663
2015 $2,193,095,150 $2,103,588,360,045
2014 $2,138,242,200 $2,039,126,479,155
2013 $2,035,191,450 $1,856,721,507,622
2012 $1,917,083,500 $1,827,637,590,410
2011 $1,831,576,700 $1,823,051,829,895
2010 $1,748,988,400 $1,675,615,519,485
2009 $1,688,012,750 $1,341,888,016,995
2008 $1,738,453,600 $1,198,895,139,006
2007 $1,706,190,450 $1,216,736,438,835
2006 $1,590,463,100 $940,259,888,788
2005 $1,474,298,400 $820,383,763,511
2004 $1,400,202,000 $709,152,728,831
2003 $1,308,280,250 $607,700,687,237
2002 $1,243,912,050 $514,939,140,319
2001 $1,172,045,150 $485,440,139,204
2000 $1,138,138,100 $468,395,521,654
1999 $999,713,050 $458,821,052,616
1998 $929,047,000 $421,351,317,225
1997 $872,916,050 $415,867,563,593
1996 $850,339,100 $392,896,866,205
1995 $818,590,250 $360,281,909,643
1994 $771,838,000 $327,274,843,459
1993 $752,255,150 $279,295,648,983
1992 $695,741,150 $288,208,070,278
1991 $596,682,100 $270,105,341,879
1990 $546,750,912 $320,979,026,420
1989 $491,100,000 $296,042,052,945
1988 $421,450,000 $296,589,670,896
1987 $371,100,000 $279,033,584,092
1986 $311,500,000 $248,985,994,041
1985 $287,300,000 $232,511,554,840
1984 $290,350,000 $212,157,645,178
1983 $262,150,000 $218,262,146,413
1982 $248,550,000 $200,715,624,831
1981 $260,750,000 $193,491,368,446
1980 $257,400,000 $186,328,579,302
1979 $151,800,000 $152,995,442,498
1978 $136,300,000 $137,302,319,829
1977 $117,650,000 $121,486,641,441
1976 $97,094,227 $102,716,451,980
1975 $118,194,026 $98,473,832,017
1974 $103,160,450 $99,526,597,934
1973 $78,214,768 $85,517,673,173
1972 $65,998,069 $71,464,700,667
1971 $59,074,687 $67,351,404,352
1970 $53,339,893 $62,422,483,055
1969 $47,399,905 $58,447,995,017
1968 $44,999,910 $53,085,455,871
1967 $47,431,256 $50,134,942,204
1966 $44,450,044 $45,581,230,504
1965 $40,110,040 $59,556,105,229
1964 $36,194,586 $56,480,289,941
1963 $33,750,114 $48,421,923,459
1962 $31,857,592 $42,161,481,858
1961 $29,965,000 $39,232,435,784
1960 $28,072,478 $37,029,883,876

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/india | CC BY

GDP per capita in Belize vs India by year

Belize
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Belize India
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $7,681 $14,347 $2,695 $11,160
2023 $7,425 $13,730 $2,530 $10,323
2022 $7,068 $13,461 $2,347 $9,207
2021 $6,143 $11,716 $2,240 $8,050
2020 $5,239 $9,639 $1,907 $6,966
2019 $6,172 $10,500 $2,041 $7,151
2018 $6,012 $9,497 $1,966 $6,715
2017 $6,072 $9,121 $1,950 $6,145
2016 $6,141 $9,399 $1,708 $5,800
2015 $6,155 $9,538 $1,584 $5,425
2014 $6,128 $9,490 $1,554 $5,192
2013 $5,957 $9,526 $1,433 $5,014
2012 $5,733 $9,303 $1,429 $4,820
2011 $5,596 $9,722 $1,445 $4,455
2010 $5,461 $9,748 $1,348 $4,206
2009 $5,400 $9,728 $1,095 $3,887
2008 $5,712 $9,975 $993 $3,633
2007 $5,762 $10,226 $1,022 $3,508
2006 $5,525 $9,910 $802 $3,221
2005 $5,270 $9,466 $710 $2,937
2004 $5,154 $9,245 $624 $2,682
2003 $4,960 $8,850 $544 $2,461
2002 $4,859 $8,154 $469 $2,277
2001 $4,719 $7,852 $450 $2,200
2000 $4,727 $7,544 $443 $2,091
1999 $4,290 $6,790 $442 $2,006
1998 $4,126 $6,333 $414 $1,852
1997 $4,014 $6,243 $416 $1,759
1996 $4,043 $6,087 $401 $1,695
1995 $4,010 $6,091 $375 $1,579
1994 $3,877 $6,073 $348 $1,467
1993 $3,860 $6,075 $303 $1,374
1992 $3,643 $5,706 $319 $1,309
1991 $3,190 $5,053 $306 $1,239
1990 $2,986 $4,467 $371 $1,212
1989 $2,742 - $350 -
1988 $2,406 - $358 -
1987 $2,166 - $345 -
1986 $1,859 - $315 -
1985 $1,754 - $301 -
1984 $1,814 - $281 -
1983 $1,677 - $296 -
1982 $1,629 - $278.7 -
1981 $1,753 - $275 -
1980 $1,774 - $271.1 -
1979 $1,071 - $228 -
1978 $983 - $209.4 -
1977 $866 - $189.6 -
1976 $729 - $164.1 -
1975 $906 - $161.1 -
1974 $805 - $166.7 -
1973 $619 - $146.6 -
1972 $529 - $125.3 -
1971 $481 - $120.7 -
1970 $442 - $114.4 -
1969 $402 - $109.5 -
1968 $392 - $101.6 -
1967 $426 - $98 -
1966 $412 - $91 -
1965 $383 - $121.5 -
1964 $356 - $117.9 -
1963 $342 - $103.4 -
1962 $332 - $92.2 -
1961 $320 - $87.9 -
1960 $307 - $84.9 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/india | CC BY

Belize's GDP per capita is $7,681, ranking 98/197, compared to $2,695 in India, ranking 143/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belize ranks 117th at $14,347, while India ranks 130th at $11,160.

Economic indicators

Belize India
Gross domestic product
$3.2B
2024
$3.91T
2024
GDP rank
168/197
2024
5/197
2024
GDP growth
3.5%
2023-2024
6.49%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$7,681
2024
$2,695
2024
GDP per capita rank
98/197
2024
143/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$14,347
2024
$11,160
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
117/197
2024
130/197
2024
Government debt
$2.1B
2024
$3.19T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
65.4%
2024
81.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$5,026
2024
$2,200
2024
Government debt per person rank
78/185
2024
118/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$9,204
2026
$4,596
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$5.13T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
917,000
2025
Number of billionaires
1
2025
205
2025
Income share by richest 10%
30%
2018
22.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.2%
2018
4.5%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.3%
2024
28.4%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.3%
2023-2024
4.95%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
5.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
29.3%
2020
4.17%
2024
Population
430409
1480351380

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Belize
Spending

Debt
India
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Belize India
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 26.3% 65.4% 28.4% 81.6%
2023 25.8% 67.5% 27.9% 80.7%
2022 23.4% 66.8% 29.1% 82.2%
2021 25.7% 82.2% 29.9% 83.5%
2020 33.2% 103% 31% 88.4%
2019 27.5% 78.6% 26.8% 75.1%
2018 26.9% 79% 26.3% 70.4%
2017 27.7% 78.1% 26.2% 69.7%
2016 27.7% 70.5% 27.2% 68.9%
2015 27.9% 65.1% 27.1% 69%
2014 24.8% 61.5% 26.2% 67.1%
2013 23.8% 62.8% 26.6% 67.7%
2012 22.1% 63.1% 27.4% 68%
2011 23.5% 66.2% 27.6% 68.7%
2010 23.3% 68.4% 28% 67.7%
2009 23.2% 69.7% 28.5% 72.7%
2008 21.8% 64.7% 29.3% 74.3%
2007 22.1% 66.4% 26.9% 75.4%
2006 21.2% 71.4% 26.9% 77.9%
2005 21.4% 72.7% 26.9% 82.4%
2004 21.7% 70.7% 28.4% 84.9%
2003 24.6% 67.2% 29.9% 85.9%
2002 24.4% 53.2% 29.1% 84.3%
2001 25.9% 49.5% 28.3% 80.1%
2000 23.2% 79% 26.1% 74.9%
1999 23.6% 41.5% 25.8% 71.3%
1998 20.9% 38.7% 26% 69.3%
1997 19.9% 39.4% 25.2% 69%
1996 19.9% 38.4% 24.4% 67.1%
1995 - - 25% 70.9%
1994 - - 26.2% 74.8%
1993 - - 26.2% 78.3%
1992 - - 26.7% 78.8%
1991 - - 27.3% 76.7%
1990 - - 25.8% 50.8%
1989 - - 25.7% 50.5%
1988 - - 24.9% 48.9%
1987 - - 22.5% 48.9%
1986 - - 23.2% 47.9%
1985 - - 21.6% 44.3%
1984 - - 19.8% 41.6%
1983 - - 17.8% 39.6%
1982 - - 17.8% 41.7%
1981 - - 16.6% 37.2%
1980 - - 17.5% 38%
1979 - - 15.6% 32.2%
1978 - - 15% 30.8%
1977 - - 13.9% 29.9%
1976 - - 14.4% 31.3%
1975 - - 12.7% 29.5%
1974 - - 11.3% 29%
1973 - - 12.9% 34.1%
1972 - - 13.5% 37.2%
1971 - - 12.4% 37.6%
1970 - - 11.7% 38.1%
1969 - - 11.5% 38.8%
1968 - - 12.6% 40.3%
1967 - - 13.8% 38.5%
1966 - - 13.8% 36.2%
1965 - - 13.7% 36.8%
1964 - - 13.2% 33.8%
1963 - - 12.3% 35.5%
1962 - - 11.5% 36.2%
1961 - - 11.8% 38.7%
1960 - - 11.2% 36.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/india | CC BY

In 2024, Belize's government spending was $842M, accounting for 26.3% of its GDP, while India spent $1.11T, or 28.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 65.4% in Belize and 81.6% in India, ranking 67/185 and 43/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Belize

India
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belize India
2024 -1.23% -7.9%
2023 -2.42% -7.4%
2022 -1.04% -8.97%
2021 -3.29% -9.45%
2020 -8.57% -12.9%
2019 -2.9% -7.69%
2018 -1.37% -6.34%
2017 -3.48% -6.23%
2016 -4.47% -7.12%
2015 -5.14% -7.21%
2014 -1.72% -7.07%
2013 -1.21% -7%
2012 -0.22% -7.55%
2011 -1.06% -8.35%
2010 -1.9% -8.79%
2009 -2.46% -9.7%
2008 1.25% -9.17%
2007 -0.19% -4.59%
2006 -2.27% -6.38%
2005 -3.7% -7.49%
2004 -4.52% -9.22%
2003 -8.41% -11.4%
2002 -5.41% -11.1%
2001 -7.23% -11%
2000 -6.68% -8.41%
1999 -6.51% -8.7%
1998 -2.69% -9.74%
1997 -1.81% -8.28%
1996 -1.76% -6.71%
1995 - -6.81%
1994 - -8%
1993 - -8.57%
1992 - -7.89%
1991 - -7.9%
1990 - -8.07%
1989 - -7.68%
1988 - -7.01%
1987 - -9.53%
1986 - -10.6%
1985 - -9.58%
1984 - -8.54%
1983 - -7.28%
1982 - -6.78%
1981 - -6.07%
1980 - -7.27%
1979 - -4.87%
1978 - -4.45%
1977 - -4.1%
1976 - -4.1%
1975 - -3.11%
1974 - -2.3%
1973 - -3.53%
1972 - -3.14%
1971 - -2.9%
1970 - -2.35%
1969 - -2.66%
1968 - -3.98%
1967 - -4.97%
1966 - -4.18%
1965 - -4.49%
1964 - -4.41%
1963 - -4.16%
1962 - -3.3%
1961 - -4.1%
1960 - -4.05%
1959 - -5.29%
1958 - -5.08%
1957 - -3.35%
1956 - -2.93%
1955 - -2.77%
1954 - -2.61%
1953 - -1.83%
1952 - 0.03%
1951 - -0.5%
1950 - -1.01%
1949 - -0.73%
1948 - -0.82%
1947 - -0.86%
1946 - -2.89%
1945 - -4.4%
1944 - -3.32%
1943 - -3.48%
1942 - -3.62%
1941 - -0.37%
1940 - -0.59%
1939 - -0.32%
1938 - -0.16%
1937 - -0.1%
1936 - -0.45%
1935 - -0.4%
1934 - -0.09%
1933 - 0%
1932 - 0.03%
1931 - -0.68%
1930 - -1.02%
1929 - -0.91%
1928 - -0.87%
1927 - -0.98%
1926 - -0.88%
1925 - -0.67%
1924 - -0.3%
1923 - -0.66%
1922 - -1.05%
1921 - -1.45%
1920 - -1.57%
1919 - -1.04%
1918 - -0.48%
1917 - -5.69%
1916 - 0.25%
1915 - -0.51%
1914 - -0.98%
1913 - -0.85%
1912 - -0.58%
1911 - -0.42%
1910 - -0.85%
1909 - -0.7%
1908 - -1.25%
1907 - -1.22%
1906 - -0.8%
1905 - -2%
1904 - -0.53%
1903 - -0.56%
1902 - -0.56%
1901 - -0.27%
1900 - -1.06%
1899 - -0.56%
1898 - -0.49%
1897 - -1.02%
1896 - -1%
1895 - -0.41%
1894 - -0.5%
1893 - -0.59%
1892 - -0.56%
1891 - -0.64%
1890 - -0.8%
1889 - -0.45%
1888 - -1.94%
1887 - -1.28%
1886 - -0.75%
1885 - -1.48%
1884 - -1.22%
1883 - -0.81%
1882 - -0.77%
1881 - -0.05%
1880 - -0.69%
1879 - -0.39%
1878 - -0.12%
1877 - -0.84%
1876 - -0.8%
1875 - -0.87%
1874 - -0.15%
1873 - -0.28%
1872 - 0.31%
1871 - 0.42%
1870 - 0.19%
1869 - 0.01%
1868 - -0.38%
1867 - -0.12%
1866 - -0.31%
1865 - 0.21%
1864 - -0.11%
1863 - -0.06%
1862 - 0.15%
1861 - -0.16%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/india | CC BY

In 2024, Belize's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $39.4M, equivalent to 1.23% of GDP. This compares to India's deficit of $309B, or 7.9% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, Belize recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while India ran a deficit in 29 years. On average, Belize posted an annual deficit equal to 3.19% of GDP, compared to deficit of 8.34% of GDP for India.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Belize

India
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Belize India
2024 3.3% 4.95%
2023 4.4% 5.65%
2022 6.3% 6.7%
2021 3.2% 5.13%
2020 0.1% 6.62%
2019 0.2% 3.73%
2018 0.3% 3.94%
2017 1.1% 3.33%
2016 0.7% 4.95%
2015 -0.9% 4.91%
2014 1.2% 6.67%
2013 0.5% 10%
2012 1.2% 9.48%
2011 1.7% 8.91%
2010 0.9% 12%
2009 -1.1% 10.9%
2008 6.4% 8.35%
2007 2.3% 6.37%
2006 4.2% 5.8%
2005 3.7% 4.25%
2004 3.1% 3.77%
2003 2.6% 3.81%
2002 2.2% 4.3%
2001 1.1% 3.78%
2000 0.6% 4.01%
1999 -1.2% 4.67%
1998 -0.8% 13.2%
1997 1% 7.16%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/india | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Belize has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.73%, compared with 6.33% in India. In 2024, inflation was 3.3% in Belize and 4.95% in India.

Top exports between countries

Belize
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $371K
Chemicals & pharma $156K
Raw agricultural goods $79K
Textiles & consumer goods $29K
Machinery & equipment $27K
India
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.84M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.48M
Chemicals & pharma $1.94M
Machinery & equipment $1.47M
Metals $952K
Raw materials & minerals $525K
Wood & paper products $315K
Raw agricultural goods $193K
Miscellaneous $25K
Precious metals & jewellery $19K

Balance of trade

Belize India
Current account balance
-$51.7M
2024
-$32.1B
2024
Current account balance ranking
84/190
2024
186/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.61%
2024
-0.82%
2024
Goods imports
$1.36B
2024
$727B
2024
Goods exports
$482M
2024
$447B
2024
Service imports
$362M
2024
$197B
2024
Service exports
$1.16B
2024
$375B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.7%
2024
23.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
55.2%
2024
21.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belize India
Economic freedom 64.7 52.5
Economic freedom ranking 71/197 146/197
Property rights 46.3 48.3
Government integrity 46.2 37.8
Judicial effectiveness 73.9 52.6
Tax burden 81.8 71.2
Government spending 81 75.7
Fiscal health 87.5 6.7
Business freedom 67.2 67.4
Labor freedom 57.6 59
Monetary freedom 72.6 70.9
Trade freedom 57.8 61
Investment freedom 55 40
Financial freedom 50 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Belize
India
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Belize India
2026 64.7 52.5
2025 64.2 53
2024 61.2 52.9
2023 59.8 52.9
2022 56.6 53.9
2021 57.5 56.5
2020 57.4 56.5
2019 55.4 55.2
2018 57.1 54.5
2017 58.6 52.6
2016 57.4 56.2
2015 56.8 54.6
2014 56.7 55.7
2013 57.3 55.2
2012 61.9 54.6
2011 63.8 54.6
2010 61.5 53.8
2009 63 54.4
2008 63 54.1
2007 63.3 53.9
2006 64.7 52.2
2005 64.5 54.2
2004 62.8 51.5
2003 63.5 51.2
2002 65.6 51.2
2001 65.9 49
2000 63.3 47.4
1999 60.7 50.2
1998 59.1 49.7
1997 64.3 49.7
1996 61.6 47.4
1995 62.9 45.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/india | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Belize is 64.7, ranking 71/197, compared to 52.5 for India, ranking 146/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Belize India
Services, % of GDP
62.4%
2024
49.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
14.6%
2024
24.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
7.95%
2024
16.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.98B
2024
$3.84T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$13,760
2024
$11,000
2024
Total reserves including gold
$498M
2024
$643B
2024
Total reserves ranking
156/177
2024
5/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$126M
2024
-$2.89B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$128M
2024
$27.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.61M
2024
$24.2B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
4.15%
2024
2.38%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
52%
2018
21.9%
2011
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
19.8%
2024
32.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/india | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.