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Economy of Guyana vs India compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Guyana has a GDP of $27.1B compared to $3.96T for India, ranking 120/197 and 6/197 by economy size, respectively.

Guyana has $7.74B in government debt (28.6% of GDP), compared to $3.33T (84.1% of GDP) in India.

Guyana vs India GDP by year

Guyana
India
1x
Year GDP, current $
Guyana India
2025 $27,097,477,218 $3,956,067,115,772
2024 $24,662,714,628 $3,760,813,470,501
2023 $16,918,503,597 $3,500,906,030,645
2022 $14,718,388,489 $3,249,938,492,013
2021 $8,041,362,110 $3,167,270,623,260
2020 $5,471,256,595 $2,674,851,578,587
2019 $5,173,760,192 $2,835,606,256,558
2018 $4,787,636,998 $2,702,929,641,649
2017 $4,748,174,334 $2,651,474,262,755
2016 $4,482,697,337 $2,294,796,885,663
2015 $4,279,840,194 $2,103,588,360,045
2014 $4,127,660,152 $2,039,126,479,155
2013 $4,167,800,929 $1,856,721,507,622
2012 $4,063,088,536 $1,827,637,590,410
2011 $3,691,384,318 $1,823,051,829,895
2010 $3,432,912,517 $1,675,615,519,485
2009 $3,165,663,153 $1,341,888,016,995
2008 $3,025,187,433 $1,198,895,139,006
2007 $2,730,971,595 $1,216,736,438,835
2006 $2,379,817,991 $940,259,888,788
2005 $824,880,550 $820,383,763,511
2004 $787,814,379 $709,152,728,831
2003 $743,063,950 $607,700,687,237
2002 $726,131,435 $514,939,140,319
2001 $712,167,450 $485,440,139,204
2000 $712,667,897 $468,395,521,654
1999 $694,754,988 $458,821,052,616
1998 $717,530,683 $421,351,317,225
1997 $749,138,010 $415,867,563,593
1996 $705,406,001 $392,896,866,205
1995 $621,626,786 $360,281,909,643
1994 $545,278,380 $327,274,843,459
1993 $454,101,382 $279,295,648,983
1992 $373,573,141 $288,208,070,278
1991 $348,533,095 $270,105,341,879
1990 $396,582,263 $320,979,026,420
1989 $379,779,390 $296,042,052,945
1988 $413,799,990 $296,589,670,896
1987 $354,591,847 $279,033,584,092
1986 $504,651,140 $248,985,994,041
1985 $453,488,372 $232,511,554,840
1984 $437,631,605 $212,157,645,178
1983 $489,333,333 $218,262,146,413
1982 $482,000,000 $200,715,624,831
1981 $570,357,107 $193,491,368,446
1980 $603,200,000 $186,328,579,302
1979 $530,440,000 $152,995,442,498
1978 $507,080,000 $137,302,319,829
1977 $449,880,000 $121,486,641,441
1976 $454,440,000 $102,716,451,980
1975 $494,791,667 $98,473,832,017
1974 $433,954,545 $99,526,597,934
1973 $307,047,619 $85,517,673,173
1972 $285,380,952 $71,464,700,667
1971 $282,050,000 $67,351,404,352
1970 $267,800,000 $62,422,483,055
1969 $249,300,000 $58,447,995,017
1968 $229,750,000 $53,085,455,871
1967 $250,176,471 $50,134,942,204
1966 $228,705,882 $45,581,230,504
1965 $213,235,294 $59,556,105,229
1964 $194,774,513 $56,480,289,941
1963 $175,757,894 $48,421,923,459
1962 $194,949,513 $42,161,481,858
1961 $185,849,535 $39,232,435,784
1960 $170,216,241 $37,029,883,876

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/india | CC BY

GDP per capita in Guyana vs India by year

Guyana
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Guyana India
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $32,414 - $2,702 -
2024 $29,675 $80,155 $2,592 $11,160
2023 $20,474 $54,729 $2,434 $10,323
2022 $17,913 $39,711 $2,280 $9,207
2021 $9,861 $22,866 $2,240 $8,050
2020 $6,776 $16,819 $1,907 $6,966
2019 $6,406 $13,241 $2,041 $7,151
2018 $6,048 $12,443 $1,966 $6,715
2017 $6,179 $12,243 $1,950 $6,145
2016 $5,871 $11,516 $1,708 $5,800
2015 $5,640 $11,408 $1,584 $5,425
2014 $5,473 $11,145 $1,554 $5,192
2013 $5,557 $11,200 $1,433 $5,014
2012 $5,444 $10,627 $1,429 $4,820
2011 $4,947 $10,066 $1,445 $4,455
2010 $4,582 $9,337 $1,348 $4,206
2009 $4,209 $8,824 $1,095 $3,887
2008 $4,009 $8,437 $993 $3,633
2007 $3,608 $8,110 $1,022 $3,508
2006 $3,136 $7,346 $802 $3,221
2005 $1,084 $6,761 $710 $2,937
2004 $1,033 $6,673 $624 $2,682
2003 $974 $6,392 $544 $2,461
2002 $951 $6,304 $469 $2,277
2001 $932 $6,131 $450 $2,200
2000 $932 $5,860 $443 $2,091
1999 $909 $5,812 $442 $2,006
1998 $940 $5,573 $414 $1,852
1997 $983 $5,615 $416 $1,759
1996 $928 $5,210 $401 $1,695
1995 $820 $4,753 $375 $1,579
1994 $721 $4,447 $348 $1,467
1993 $603 $4,027 $303 $1,374
1992 $498 $3,651 $319 $1,309
1991 $466 $3,322 $306 $1,239
1990 $529 $3,022 $371 $1,212
1989 $503 - $350 -
1988 $545 - $358 -
1987 $464 - $345 -
1986 $657 - $315 -
1985 $588 - $301 -
1984 $565 - $281 -
1983 $631 - $296 -
1982 $621 - $278.7 -
1981 $735 - $275 -
1980 $779 - $271.1 -
1979 $689 - $228 -
1978 $663 - $209.4 -
1977 $593 - $189.6 -
1976 $604 - $164.1 -
1975 $664 - $161.1 -
1974 $588 - $166.7 -
1973 $421 - $146.6 -
1972 $395 - $125.3 -
1971 $396 - $120.7 -
1970 $381 - $114.4 -
1969 $361 - $109.5 -
1968 $340 - $101.6 -
1967 $378 - $98 -
1966 $353 - $91 -
1965 $336 - $121.5 -
1964 $313 - $117.9 -
1963 $288.8 - $103.4 -
1962 $327 - $92.2 -
1961 $319 - $87.9 -
1960 $299.1 - $84.9 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/india | CC BY

Guyana's GDP per capita is $32,414, ranking 40/197, compared to $2,702 in India, ranking 149/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Guyana ranks 15th at $80,155, while India ranks 130th at $11,160.

Economic indicators

Guyana India
Gross domestic product
$27.1B
2025
$3.96T
2025
GDP rank
120/197
2025
6/197
2025
GDP growth
19.3%
2024-2025
7.57%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$32,414
2025
$2,702
2025
GDP per capita rank
40/197
2025
149/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$80,155
2024
$11,160
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
15/197
2024
130/197
2024
Government debt
$7.74B
2025
$3.33T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
28.6%
2025
84.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$9,255
2025
$2,272
2025
Government debt per person rank
63/185
2025
116/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$13,307
2026
$2,974
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$10.6T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
944,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
229
2026
Income share by richest 10%
34.4%
1998
22.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
1.1%
1998
4.5%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
23.9%
2025
28.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.3%
2024-2025
2.4%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
5.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
14.7%
2021
4.51%
2025
Population
843423
1483314140

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Guyana
Spending

Debt
India
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Guyana India
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 23.9% 28.6% 28.5% 84.1%
2024 23.3% 24.3% 29.3% 84.8%
2023 23.7% 26.7% 29.7% 85%
2022 20.4% 24.8% 30% 84.6%
2021 24.8% 38.9% 30.7% 85.7%
2020 30.5% 47.4% 31.8% 90.6%
2019 28.1% 34.2% 27.4% 76.7%
2018 27.6% 37.4% 26.8% 71.7%
2017 26.3% 35.2% 26.6% 70.8%
2016 25.2% 35.7% 27.6% 69.8%
2015 21.7% 42.2% 27.3% 69.8%
2014 23.1% 38.7% 26.2% 67.6%
2013 21.4% 41.4% 26.5% 68%
2012 21.8% 44.7% 27.2% 68.1%
2011 23.5% 51.7% 27.3% 68.7%
2010 23.9% 53.1% 27.7% 67.7%
2009 25.4% 52.3% 28.1% 72.7%
2008 24.1% 48.2% 28.3% 74.3%
2007 25.5% 47.7% 26.1% 75.4%
2006 29% 74.5% 25.6% 77.9%
2005 28.4% 90.7% 26% 82.4%
2004 23.7% 91.8% 28.4% 84.9%
2003 23.5% 95.6% 29.9% 85.9%
2002 23.1% 105.1% 29.1% 84.3%
2001 24% 104.6% 28.3% 80.1%
2000 22.9% 97.2% 26.1% 74.9%
1999 17.6% 97.1% 25.8% 71.3%
1998 19.7% 108% 26% 69.3%
1997 20.9% 101.3% 25.2% 69%
1996 - - 24.4% 67.1%
1995 - - 25% 70.9%
1994 - - 26.2% 74.8%
1993 - - 26.2% 78.3%
1992 - - 26.7% 78.8%
1991 - - 26.8% 76.7%
1990 - - 25.4% 50.8%
1989 - - 25.7% 50.5%
1988 - - 24.9% 48.9%
1987 - - 22.5% 48.9%
1986 - - 23.2% 47.9%
1985 - - 21.6% 44.3%
1984 - - 19.8% 41.6%
1983 - - 17.8% 39.6%
1982 - - 17.8% 41.7%
1981 - - 16.6% 37.2%
1980 - - 17.5% 38%
1979 - - 15.6% 32.2%
1978 - - 15% 30.8%
1977 - - 13.9% 29.9%
1976 - - 14.4% 31.3%
1975 - - 12.7% 29.5%
1974 - - 11.3% 29%
1973 - - 12.9% 34.1%
1972 - - 13.5% 37.2%
1971 - - 12.4% 37.6%
1970 - - 11.7% 38.1%
1969 - - 11.5% 38.8%
1968 - - 12.6% 40.3%
1967 - - 13.8% 38.5%
1966 - - 13.8% 36.2%
1965 - - 13.7% 36.8%
1964 - - 13.2% 33.8%
1963 - - 12.3% 35.5%
1962 - - 11.5% 36.2%
1961 - - 11.8% 38.7%
1960 - - 11.2% 36.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/india | CC BY

In 2025, Guyana's government spending was $6.48B, accounting for 23.9% of its GDP, while India spent $1.13T, or 28.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 28.6% in Guyana and 84.1% in India, ranking 160/185 and 38/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Guyana

India
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Guyana India
2025 -5.37% -7.44%
2024 -7.27% -7.85%
2023 -5.62% -8.37%
2022 -5.1% -9.23%
2021 -6.94% -9.7%
2020 -7.78% -13.2%
2019 -2.52% -7.86%
2018 -2.52% -6.46%
2017 -3.14% -6.33%
2016 -3.21% -7.21%
2015 -0.75% -7.28%
2014 -3.88% -6.9%
2013 -2.16% -6.78%
2012 -3.11% -7.32%
2011 -2.13% -8.03%
2010 -1.88% -8.53%
2009 -2.5% -9.26%
2008 -2.78% -8.15%
2007 -3.35% -3.73%
2006 -6.16% -5.11%
2005 -6.54% -6.64%
2004 -2.88% -9.22%
2003 -4.81% -11.4%
2002 -2.42% -11.1%
2001 -3.71% -11%
2000 -2.27% -8.41%
1999 -0.47% -8.7%
1998 -2.67% -9.74%
1997 -1.7% -8.28%
1996 - -6.71%
1995 - -6.81%
1994 - -8%
1993 - -8.57%
1992 - -7.89%
1991 - -7.44%
1990 - -7.63%
1989 - -7.68%
1988 - -7.01%
1987 - -9.53%
1986 - -10.6%
1985 - -9.58%
1984 - -8.54%
1983 - -7.28%
1982 - -6.78%
1981 - -6.07%
1980 - -7.27%
1979 - -4.87%
1978 - -4.45%
1977 - -4.1%
1976 - -4.1%
1975 - -3.11%
1974 - -2.3%
1973 - -3.53%
1972 - -3.14%
1971 - -2.9%
1970 - -2.35%
1969 - -2.66%
1968 - -3.98%
1967 - -4.97%
1966 - -4.18%
1965 - -4.49%
1964 - -4.41%
1963 - -4.16%
1962 - -3.3%
1961 - -4.1%
1960 - -4.05%
1959 - -5.29%
1958 - -5.08%
1957 - -3.35%
1956 - -2.93%
1955 - -2.77%
1954 - -2.61%
1953 - -1.83%
1952 - 0.03%
1951 - -0.5%
1950 - -1.01%
1949 - -0.73%
1948 - -0.82%
1947 - -0.86%
1946 - -2.89%
1945 - -4.4%
1944 - -3.32%
1943 - -3.48%
1942 - -3.62%
1941 - -0.37%
1940 - -0.59%
1939 - -0.32%
1938 - -0.16%
1937 - -0.1%
1936 - -0.45%
1935 - -0.4%
1934 - -0.09%
1933 - 0%
1932 - 0.03%
1931 - -0.68%
1930 - -1.02%
1929 - -0.91%
1928 - -0.87%
1927 - -0.98%
1926 - -0.88%
1925 - -0.67%
1924 - -0.3%
1923 - -0.66%
1922 - -1.05%
1921 - -1.45%
1920 - -1.57%
1919 - -1.04%
1918 - -0.48%
1917 - -5.69%
1916 - 0.25%
1915 - -0.51%
1914 - -0.98%
1913 - -0.85%
1912 - -0.58%
1911 - -0.42%
1910 - -0.85%
1909 - -0.7%
1908 - -1.25%
1907 - -1.22%
1906 - -0.8%
1905 - -2%
1904 - -0.53%
1903 - -0.56%
1902 - -0.56%
1901 - -0.27%
1900 - -1.06%
1899 - -0.56%
1898 - -0.49%
1897 - -1.02%
1896 - -1%
1895 - -0.41%
1894 - -0.5%
1893 - -0.59%
1892 - -0.56%
1891 - -0.64%
1890 - -0.8%
1889 - -0.45%
1888 - -1.94%
1887 - -1.28%
1886 - -0.75%
1885 - -1.48%
1884 - -1.22%
1883 - -0.81%
1882 - -0.77%
1881 - -0.05%
1880 - -0.69%
1879 - -0.39%
1878 - -0.12%
1877 - -0.84%
1876 - -0.8%
1875 - -0.87%
1874 - -0.15%
1873 - -0.28%
1872 - 0.31%
1871 - 0.42%
1870 - 0.19%
1869 - 0.01%
1868 - -0.38%
1867 - -0.12%
1866 - -0.31%
1865 - 0.21%
1864 - -0.11%
1863 - -0.06%
1862 - 0.15%
1861 - -0.16%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/india | CC BY

In 2025, Guyana's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.46B, equivalent to 5.37% of GDP. This compares to India's deficit of $294B, or 7.44% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, Guyana recorded a fiscal deficit in 29 of those years, while India ran a deficit in 29 years. On average, Guyana posted an annual deficit equal to 3.64% of GDP, compared to deficit of 8.25% of GDP for India.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Guyana

India
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Guyana India
2025 3.3% 2.4%
2024 2.9% 4.95%
2023 2.8% 5.65%
2022 6.9% 6.7%
2021 4.5% 5.13%
2020 0.7% 6.62%
2019 2.1% 3.73%
2018 1.3% 3.94%
2017 1.9% 3.33%
2016 0.8% 4.95%
2015 -0.9% 4.91%
2014 0.7% 6.67%
2013 1.9% 10%
2012 2.4% 9.48%
2011 4.4% 8.91%
2010 4.3% 12%
2009 3% 10.9%
2008 8.1% 8.35%
2007 12.2% 6.37%
2006 6.7% 5.8%
2005 6.9% 4.25%
2004 4.7% 3.77%
2003 6% 3.81%
2002 5.4% 4.3%
2001 2.6% 3.78%
2000 6.1% 4.01%
1999 7.5% 4.67%
1998 4.6% 13.2%
1997 3.6% 7.16%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/india | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Guyana has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.05%, compared with 6.2% in India. In 2025, inflation was 3.3% in Guyana and 2.4% in India.

Top exports between countries

Guyana
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $255M
Machinery & equipment $672K
Metals $530K
Wood & paper products $153K
Animal & marine products $90K
Chemicals & pharma $56K
Raw agricultural goods $20K
Precious metals & jewellery $8K
Textiles & consumer goods $4K
India
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $43.3M
Chemicals & pharma $30.3M
Metals $18.8M
Textiles & consumer goods $15M
Raw materials & minerals $6.44M
Raw agricultural goods $1.38M
Wood & paper products $1.22M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.17M
Animal & marine products $315K
Precious metals & jewellery $221K

Balance of trade

Guyana India
Current account balance
$2.35B
2023
-$16.5B
2025
Current account balance ranking
42/190
2023
182/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+13.9%
2023
-0.42%
2025
Goods imports
$6B
2023
$761B
2025
Goods exports
$13.2B
2023
$450B
2025
Service imports
$4.95B
2023
$203B
2025
Service exports
$529M
2023
$412B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
109.7%
2005
24%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
84.6%
2005
22.3%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Guyana India
Economic freedom 58.7 52.5
Economic freedom ranking 109/197 146/197
Property rights 46.7 48.3
Government integrity 38.8 37.8
Judicial effectiveness 48.6 52.6
Tax burden 76.4 71.2
Government spending 85 75.7
Fiscal health 39.9 6.7
Business freedom 70.9 67.4
Labor freedom 76 59
Monetary freedom 78.5 70.9
Trade freedom 59.2 61
Investment freedom 55 40
Financial freedom 30 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Guyana
India
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Guyana India
2026 58.7 52.5
2025 58.2 53
2024 57.3 52.9
2023 56.9 52.9
2022 59.5 53.9
2021 57.4 56.5
2020 56.2 56.5
2019 56.8 55.2
2018 58.7 54.5
2017 58.5 52.6
2016 55.4 56.2
2015 55.5 54.6
2014 55.7 55.7
2013 53.8 55.2
2012 51.3 54.6
2011 49.4 54.6
2010 48.4 53.8
2009 48.4 54.4
2008 48.8 54.1
2007 53.7 53.9
2006 56.6 52.2
2005 56.5 54.2
2004 53 51.5
2003 50.3 51.2
2002 54.3 51.2
2001 53.3 49
2000 52.4 47.4
1999 53.3 50.2
1998 52.7 49.7
1997 53.2 49.7
1996 50.1 47.4
1995 45.7 45.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/india | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Guyana is 58.7, ranking 109/197, compared to 52.5 for India, ranking 146/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Guyana India
Services, % of GDP
14.8%
2025
49.3%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
75.1%
2025
25.2%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
7.73%
2025
16.2%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$23.8B
2025
$4.04T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$80,300
2025
$11,600
2025
Total reserves including gold
$1.36B
2025
$700B
2025
Total reserves ranking
136/177
2025
5/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$1.14B
2023
-$3.41B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$8.63B
2024
$27.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$5.7M
2024
$24.2B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.84%
2024
2.47%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
35%
2020
21.9%
2011
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
32.3%
2005
34.6%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.