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Economy of Australia vs Dominican Republic compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Australia has a GDP of $1.8T compared to $127B for the Dominican Republic, ranking 15/197 and 65/197 by economy size, respectively.

Australia has $918B in government debt (51% of GDP), compared to $75.2B (59% of GDP) in the Dominican Republic.

Australia vs Dominican Republic GDP by year

Australia
Dominican Republic
1x
Year GDP, current $
Australia Dominican Republic
2025 $1,798,518,933,689 $127,407,463,759
2024 $1,757,022,451,653 $124,282,245,639
2023 $1,734,451,264,656 $120,456,239,154
2022 $1,695,627,535,476 $113,478,103,598
2021 $1,560,617,493,203 $94,850,719,517
2020 $1,333,336,461,648 $78,546,672,407
2019 $1,398,349,602,956 $89,146,130,745
2018 $1,433,144,978,762 $84,994,732,049
2017 $1,330,890,554,614 $79,070,274,743
2016 $1,211,588,128,418 $75,552,902,636
2015 $1,356,805,839,936 $70,966,782,572
2014 $1,474,677,007,566 $67,014,329,100
2013 $1,583,737,461,925 $62,555,417,415
2012 $1,552,728,401,402 $60,561,635,556
2011 $1,402,939,868,653 $57,948,261,616
2010 $1,152,566,632,022 $53,801,053,353
2009 $931,761,689,771 $48,223,781,477
2008 $1,058,448,244,064 $48,091,433,554
2007 $856,603,595,823 $43,965,458,509
2006 $749,708,370,333 $37,879,830,084
2005 $696,811,489,613 $35,777,560,684
2004 $615,643,050,221 $22,322,387,382
2003 $468,517,181,130 $21,403,167,848
2002 $396,436,967,263 $27,137,440,786
2001 $380,360,222,861 $25,601,823,688
2000 $416,901,962,163 $24,305,780,629
1999 $390,347,787,943 $22,136,579,397
1998 $400,361,527,505 $21,672,215,547
1997 $436,321,902,767 $20,017,450,041
1996 $401,962,517,479 $18,241,622,548
1995 $368,725,126,225 $16,637,370,839
1994 $323,269,456,935 $14,644,734,599
1993 $312,568,858,910 $13,081,042,400
1992 $325,982,966,981 $11,605,382,504
1991 $326,416,407,861 $9,824,483,340
1990 $311,840,666,465 $7,073,675,545
1989 $300,264,309,002 $6,686,593,060
1988 $236,461,079,970 $5,374,299,981
1987 $189,726,707,253 $5,827,050,753
1986 $182,707,050,923 $6,122,128,558
1985 $180,861,108,959 $5,044,579,979
1984 $193,749,932,078 $11,594,000,000
1983 $177,523,719,680 $9,220,600,000
1982 $194,323,071,831 $8,267,400,000
1981 $177,151,979,566 $7,561,300,000
1980 $150,200,557,103 $6,761,300,000
1979 $135,093,718,051 $5,498,800,000
1978 $118,660,813,780 $4,734,400,000
1977 $110,504,702,914 $4,587,100,000
1976 $105,209,354,856 $3,951,500,000
1975 $97,440,939,506 $3,599,200,000
1974 $89,086,219,602 $2,925,700,000
1973 $63,923,126,201 $2,344,800,000
1972 $52,117,990,654 $1,987,400,000
1971 $45,283,847,245 $1,666,500,000
1970 $41,395,206,623 $1,485,500,000
1969 $36,738,245,878 $1,230,500,000
1968 $32,763,365,242 $1,079,100,000
1967 $30,487,524,878 $1,034,800,000
1966 $27,349,284,376 $983,900,000
1965 $26,014,244,162 $888,100,000
1964 $23,835,843,814 $1,025,599,900
1963 $21,573,443,452 $940,799,900
1962 $19,953,923,193 $824,100,000
1961 $19,713,123,154 $654,100,200
1960 $18,635,682,982 $672,399,700

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/dominican-republic | CC BY

GDP per capita in Australia vs Dominican Republic by year

Australia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Dominican Republic
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Australia Dominican Republic
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $65,130 - $11,059 -
2024 $64,610 $72,111 $10,876 $27,542
2023 $65,058 $72,273 $10,630 $25,840
2022 $65,170 $66,103 $10,104 $24,626
2021 $60,759 $58,327 $8,527 $22,053
2020 $51,983 $54,184 $7,135 $18,998
2019 $55,195 $52,886 $8,183 $19,767
2018 $57,410 $50,371 $7,883 $17,995
2017 $54,118 $48,565 $7,413 $16,846
2016 $50,084 $47,446 $7,160 $16,282
2015 $56,970 $46,465 $6,801 $14,804
2014 $62,817 $47,109 $6,496 $13,465
2013 $68,477 $46,123 $6,137 $12,414
2012 $68,301 $43,007 $6,014 $11,777
2011 $62,799 $42,153 $5,827 $11,695
2010 $52,314 $39,504 $5,479 $11,246
2009 $42,955 $40,434 $4,974 $10,382
2008 $49,811 $37,616 $5,024 $10,346
2007 $41,128 $36,708 $4,650 $9,951
2006 $36,659 $34,890 $4,055 $9,130
2005 $34,535 $33,090 $3,878 $8,215
2004 $30,886 $31,815 $2,452 $7,375
2003 $23,758 $30,167 $2,383 $7,098
2002 $20,335 $29,080 $3,066 $7,158
2001 $19,734 $27,688 $2,936 $6,848
2000 $21,909 $26,585 $2,831 $6,639
1999 $20,750 $25,531 $2,621 $6,305
1998 $21,516 $24,386 $2,608 $5,963
1997 $23,683 $23,142 $2,449 $5,618
1996 $22,056 $22,134 $2,271 $5,161
1995 $20,479 $21,050 $2,109 $4,871
1994 $18,156 $20,174 $1,892 $4,599
1993 $17,725 $19,220 $1,722 $4,474
1992 $18,650 $18,259 $1,558 $4,151
1991 $18,885 $17,839 $1,346 $3,722
1990 $18,274 $17,385 $989 $3,641
1989 $17,858 - $955 -
1988 $14,303 - $784 -
1987 $11,666 - $868 -
1986 $11,406 - $932 -
1985 $11,455 - $784 -
1984 $12,436 - $1,844 -
1983 $11,532 - $1,500 -
1982 $12,798 - $1,376 -
1981 $11,871 - $1,288 -
1980 $10,223 - $1,180 -
1979 $9,308 - $984 -
1978 $8,264 - $868 -
1977 $7,786 - $863 -
1976 $7,497 - $763 -
1975 $7,014 - $713 -
1974 $6,492 - $595 -
1973 $4,778 - $490 -
1972 $3,955 - $427 -
1971 $3,500 - $368 -
1970 $3,310 - $338 -
1969 $2,996 - $287.7 -
1968 $2,728 - $259.6 -
1967 $2,584 - $256.2 -
1966 $2,347 - $250.9 -
1965 $2,284 - $233.2 -
1964 $2,134 - $277.3 -
1963 $1,970 - $262.2 -
1962 $1,858 - $236.8 -
1961 $1,880 - $193.9 -
1960 $1,813 - $205.7 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/dominican-republic | CC BY

Australia's GDP per capita is $65,130, ranking 14/197, compared to $11,059 in the Dominican Republic, ranking 83/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Australia ranks 22nd at $72,111, while the Dominican Republic ranks 76th at $27,542.

Economic indicators

Australia Dominican Republic
Gross domestic product
$1.8T
2025
$127B
2025
GDP rank
15/197
2025
65/197
2025
GDP growth
1.35%
2024-2025
2.12%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$65,130
2025
$11,059
2025
GDP per capita rank
14/197
2025
83/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$72,111
2024
$27,542
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
22/197
2024
76/197
2024
Government debt
$918B
2025
$75.2B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
51%
2025
59%
2025
Government debt per person
$33,239
2025
$6,525
2025
Government debt per person rank
22/185
2025
73/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$50,637
2026
$7,179
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.05T
2025
n/a
Number of millionaires
1,634,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
47
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25.9%
2020
29.5%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
2.6%
2020
2.3%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
39.5%
2025
19.3%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.87%
2024-2025
3.87%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.35%
2026
5.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
4.2%
2025
5.17%
2025
Population
28010980
11656588

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Australia
Spending

Debt
Dominican Republic
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Australia Dominican Republic
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 39.5% 51% 19.3% 59%
2024 38.7% 50.6% 19.5% 58.8%
2023 37.4% 49.4% 19.1% 60.5%
2022 37.4% 50% 18.5% 59.6%
2021 41.7% 55.4% 18.4% 62.8%
2020 44.3% 56.9% 22.2% 71.8%
2019 38.8% 46.5% 17.8% 53.5%
2018 36.7% 41.6% 16.5% 50.8%
2017 36.6% 41% 17.3% 49.5%
2016 37.1% 40.5% 17% 46.7%
2015 37.1% 37.6% 16.7% 44.8%
2014 36.6% 33.9% 17% 45%
2013 36.2% 30.3% 18.5% 46.8%
2012 36.4% 27.4% 19.8% 42.4%
2011 36.2% 24% 16% 39.1%
2010 36.8% 20.3% 16.1% 37.4%
2009 37.6% 16.6% 16.2% 36.8%
2008 35% 11.7% 18.5% 33.6%
2007 34.2% 9.65% 16.3% 32.9%
2006 34.5% 9.92% 17% 36%
2005 34.5% 10.8% 15.5% 38.3%
2004 34.8% 11.9% 17.3% 34.3%
2003 34.9% 13.2% 17.2% 48.2%
2002 34.9% 15% 16.5% 21.5%
2001 35.6% 17.1% 14.9% 20.4%
2000 35.1% 19.5% 14.1% 16.7%
1999 36.2% 22.5% 13.4% 16%
1998 34.6% 23.7% 12.6% 13.2%
1997 32.8% 25.9% 13.2% 13.8%
1996 33.5% 29.3% 11.4% 23%
1995 33.6% 31.1% 11% 25.7%
1994 33.7% 31.7% 12.1% 28.5%
1993 34.1% 30.6% 13% 36.1%
1992 34% 27.6% 10.4% 38.5%
1991 33% 21.6% 8.65% 47.3%
1990 30.4% 16.4% 9.1% 84.7%
1989 34.5% 17% 11.3% 62.5%
1988 34.6% 20.5% 12.8% 77%
1987 36% 25.2% 11.2% 86.9%
1986 38.4% 25.5% 10.4% 63.8%
1985 38.7% 24% 9.8% 66.3%
1984 38.4% 22.3% 9.32% 28.9%
1983 37% 21% 10.2% 32.9%
1982 36.7% 16.8% 10.2% 33.1%
1981 33.4% 19.1% 12.1% 29.8%
1980 33.2% 21.2% 12.8% 15.2%
1979 32.5% 22.8% 13.8% 24%
1978 33.2% 24.7% 12.3% 20.9%
1977 34.1% 23.6% 11.4% 16.4%
1976 33.3% 22.9% 12.5% 15.6%
1975 33% 23.6% 13.7% 13.1%
1974 30.9% 22.3% 14.6% 14.6%
1973 26.6% 27.3% 13.7% 14.6%
1972 27% 30.7% 14.1% 16.4%
1971 26.1% 32.2% 13.8% 17.8%
1970 25.3% 34.9% 13.3% 18%
1969 24.7% 36.7% 15.5% 17.4%
1968 25.3% 39.4% 15.5% 18.1%
1967 26.4% 40.5% 15% 16.2%
1966 25.6% 42.4% 15.2% 14.5%
1965 25.8% 43.7% 12.8% -
1964 23.5% 44.9% 16.7% -
1963 23% 47.5% 15.1% -
1962 22.7% 50.2% 15.7% -
1961 23.3% 49.3% 20% -
1960 21.8% 48.3% 20.1% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/dominican-republic | CC BY

In 2025, Australia's government spending was $710B, accounting for 39.5% of its GDP, while the Dominican Republic spent $24.6B, or 19.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 51% in Australia and 59% in the Dominican Republic, ranking 104/185 and 80/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Australia

Dominican Republic
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Australia Dominican Republic
2025 -2.78% -3.56%
2024 -2.25% -3.09%
2023 -1.26% -3.28%
2022 -2.21% -3.25%
2021 -6.35% -2.92%
2020 -8.7% -7.94%
2019 -4.39% -3.46%
2018 -1.25% -2.17%
2017 -1.71% -3.12%
2016 -2.41% -3.11%
2015 -2.78% -0.03%
2014 -2.91% -2.76%
2013 -2.8% -4.41%
2012 -3.5% -6.26%
2011 -4.51% -3.07%
2010 -5.1% -2.97%
2009 -4.55% -2.9%
2008 -1.1% -3.43%
2007 1.47% 0.28%
2006 1.77% -1.69%
2005 1.7% -0.71%
2004 1.32% -3.6%
2003 1.05% -4.24%
2002 0.19% -2.28%
2001 -0.03% -0.73%
2000 1.25% -0.86%
1999 0.66% -0.79%
1998 -0.25% -0.29%
1997 -0.49% -0.64%
1996 -1.45% 0.14%
1995 -2.6% 0.82%
1994 -3.79% -0.39%
1993 -4.72% -0.16%
1992 -4.74% 2.35%
1991 -2.78% 0.11%
1990 -0.23% 0.39%
1989 -1.29% -0.09%
1988 -0.77% -1.68%
1987 -1.66% -0.75%
1986 -3.5% -0.57%
1985 -5.24% -1.27%
1984 -5.48% -0.95%
1983 -5.66% -1.74%
1982 -5.19% -2.4%
1981 -3.25% -1.92%
1980 -2.87% -1.82%
1979 -2.32% -3.26%
1978 -4.19% -0.82%
1977 -4.39% 0.15%
1976 -3.44% -0.22%
1975 -3.47% 1.37%
1974 -2.46% -0.93%
1973 0.16% -0.53%
1972 -0.97% -1.73%
1971 -0.23% -0.85%
1970 -0.23% -0.68%
1969 0.53% -0.99%
1968 -0.7% -0.99%
1967 -1.65% -1.68%
1966 -1.77% -2.14%
1965 -1.46% -1.84%
1964 0.19% -1.36%
1963 -0.26% -0.39%
1962 -0.38% -1.17%
1961 -0.78% -3%
1960 0.47% -0.61%
1959 0.06% -0.29%
1958 -0.25% -1.29%
1957 -0.33% 0.21%
1956 1% -0.05%
1955 0.08% 1.47%
1954 -0.27% 1.43%
1953 -0.86% 2.79%
1952 -0.44% 0%
1951 1.85% -2.58%
1950 4.29% -3.66%
1949 0.72% -
1948 2% -
1947 -0.45% -
1946 -4.09% -
1945 -8.87% -
1944 -11.8% -
1943 -12.4% -
1942 -5.17% -
1941 -2.14% -
1940 0.51% -
1939 0.77% -
1938 0.24% -
1937 0.28% -
1936 0.17% -
1935 0.24% -
1934 0.28% -
1933 0.28% -
1932 0.02% -
1931 -0.8% -
1930 -1% -
1929 -0.53% -
1928 -0.69% -
1927 -0.5% -
1926 -0.31% -
1925 -0.26% -
1924 -0.5% -
1923 -0.33% -
1922 -0.94% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -2.43% -
1919 -4.8% -
1918 -4.36% -
1917 -4.99% -
1916 -3.47% -
1915 -1.11% -
1914 -0.29% -
1913 0% -
1912 0.12% -
1911 0.39% -
1910 0.39% -
1909 0.37% -
1908 -0.15% -
1907 0.41% -
1906 0.23% -
1905 0.11% -
1904 -0.13% -
1903 -0.02% -
1902 0.16% -
1901 1.46% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1901–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/dominican-republic | CC BY

In 2025, Australia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $50B, equivalent to 2.78% of GDP. This compares to the Dominican Republic's deficit of $4.53B, or 3.56% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Australia recorded a fiscal deficit in 54 of those years, while the Dominican Republic ran a deficit in 58 years. On average, Australia posted an annual deficit equal to 2.04% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.65% of GDP for the Dominican Republic.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Australia

Dominican Republic
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Australia Dominican Republic
2025 2.87% 3.87%
2024 3.17% 3.3%
2023 5.6% 4.79%
2022 6.59% 8.81%
2021 2.86% 8.24%
2020 0.85% 3.78%
2019 1.61% 1.81%
2018 1.91% 3.56%
2017 1.95% 3.28%
2016 1.28% 1.61%
2015 1.51% 0.84%
2014 2.49% 3%
2013 2.45% 4.83%
2012 1.76% 3.69%
2011 3.3% 5.8%
2010 2.92% 6.33%
2009 1.77% 1.44%
2008 4.35% 10.6%
2007 2.33% 6.14%
2006 3.56% 7.57%
2005 2.69% 4.19%
2004 2.34% 51.5%
2003 2.73% 27.4%
2002 2.98% 5.22%
2001 4.41% 8.88%
2000 4.46% 7.72%
1999 1.48% 6.47%
1998 0.86% 4.83%
1997 0.22% 8.3%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/dominican-republic | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Australia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.67%, compared with 7.51% in the Dominican Republic. In 2025, inflation was 2.87% in Australia and 3.87% in the Dominican Republic.

Top exports between countries

Australia
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $9.47M
Machinery & equipment $2.45M
Metals $2.12M
Animal & marine products $2.06M
Textiles & consumer goods $282K
Raw materials & minerals $180K
Chemicals & pharma $177K
Wood & paper products $116K
Miscellaneous $16K
Precious metals & jewellery $14K
Dominican Republic
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $12.7M
Chemicals & pharma $1.75M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.16M
Textiles & consumer goods $607K
Raw agricultural goods $110K
Miscellaneous $18K
Metals $15K
Wood & paper products $15K
Precious metals & jewellery $5K
Raw materials & minerals $5K

Balance of trade

Australia Dominican Republic
Current account balance
-$48.2B
2025
-$1.49B
2025
Current account balance ranking
187/190
2025
128/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.68%
2025
-1.17%
2025
Goods imports
$309B
2025
$29.8B
2025
Goods exports
$337B
2025
$16B
2025
Service imports
$116B
2025
$5.65B
2025
Service exports
$91.6B
2025
$14.4B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.7%
2025
27.9%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
23.2%
2025
23.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Australia Dominican Republic
Economic freedom 80.1 63.8
Economic freedom ranking 5/197 77/197
Property rights 88.2 53.9
Government integrity 88.1 39.8
Judicial effectiveness 96.3 58
Tax burden 61.8 84.4
Government spending 56.6 89.1
Fiscal health 89 76.6
Business freedom 92.3 71.4
Labor freedom 61.5 53.2
Monetary freedom 77.2 72.1
Trade freedom 89.8 67.4
Investment freedom 80 60
Financial freedom 80 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Australia
Dominican Republic
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Australia Dominican Republic
2026 80.1 63.8
2025 79.3 64.3
2024 76.2 62.9
2023 74.8 62.6
2022 77.7 63
2021 82.4 62.1
2020 82.6 60.9
2019 80.9 61
2018 80.9 61.6
2017 81 62.9
2016 80.3 61
2015 81.4 61
2014 82 61.3
2013 82.6 59.7
2012 83.1 60.2
2011 82.5 60
2010 82.6 60.3
2009 82.6 59.2
2008 82.2 57.7
2007 81.1 56.8
2006 79.9 56.3
2005 79 55.1
2004 77.9 54.6
2003 77.4 57.8
2002 77.3 58.6
2001 77.4 59.1
2000 77.1 59
1999 76.4 58.1
1998 75.6 58.1
1997 75.5 53.5
1996 74 58.1
1995 74.1 55.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/dominican-republic | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Australia is 80.1, ranking 5/197, compared to 63.8 for the Dominican Republic, ranking 77/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Australia Dominican Republic
Services, % of GDP
67.5%
2025
60.1%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
23.9%
2025
28.4%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.27%
2025
4.6%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$1.77T
2025
$122B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$69,930
2025
$26,980
2025
Total reserves including gold
$72.6B
2025
$14.8B
2025
Total reserves ranking
37/177
2025
71/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$41.1B
2025
-$5.03B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$53.7B
2024
$4.48B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.9B
2024
-$47.3M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
5.61%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines n/a
17.3%
2025
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.5%
2025
24.7%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1901–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.