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Economy of Dominican Republic vs Ireland compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

The Dominican Republic has a GDP of $127B compared to $722B for Ireland, ranking 65/197 and 24/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Dominican Republic has $75.2B in government debt (59% of GDP), compared to $238B (32.9% of GDP) in Ireland.

Dominican Republic vs Ireland GDP by year

Dominican Republic
Ireland
1x
Year GDP, current $
Dominican Republic Ireland
2025 $127,407,463,759 $721,701,359,046
2024 $124,282,245,639 $609,157,459,747
2023 $120,456,239,154 $567,372,737,459
2022 $113,478,103,598 $548,341,794,599
2021 $94,850,719,517 $530,394,123,830
2020 $78,546,672,407 $436,009,027,819
2019 $89,146,130,745 $407,211,793,801
2018 $84,994,732,049 $395,780,319,817
2017 $79,070,274,743 $348,355,212,569
2016 $75,552,902,636 $305,431,252,709
2015 $70,966,782,572 $302,101,388,556
2014 $67,014,329,100 $266,490,442,124
2013 $62,555,417,415 $242,924,245,719
2012 $60,561,635,556 $226,921,827,888
2011 $57,948,261,616 $240,975,871,047
2010 $53,801,053,353 $221,732,824,603
2009 $48,223,781,477 $236,443,115,854
2008 $48,091,433,554 $275,447,471,451
2007 $43,965,458,509 $270,079,279,420
2006 $37,879,830,084 $232,180,617,162
2005 $35,777,560,684 $211,876,989,656
2004 $22,322,387,382 $194,372,115,041
2003 $21,403,167,848 $164,670,771,260
2002 $27,137,440,786 $128,596,035,288
2001 $25,601,823,688 $109,346,669,230
2000 $24,305,780,629 $100,207,610,430
1999 $22,136,579,397 $98,893,958,263
1998 $21,672,215,547 $90,199,410,116
1997 $20,017,450,041 $82,856,648,758
1996 $18,241,622,548 $75,790,786,290
1995 $16,637,370,839 $69,139,823,232
1994 $14,644,734,599 $57,097,656,066
1993 $13,081,042,400 $52,417,477,614
1992 $11,605,382,504 $55,918,538,121
1991 $9,824,483,340 $49,787,501,584
1990 $7,073,675,545 $49,305,632,408
1989 $6,686,593,060 $39,238,392,678
1988 $5,374,299,981 $37,772,896,221
1987 $5,827,050,753 $33,920,518,493
1986 $6,122,128,558 $28,714,571,852
1985 $5,044,579,979 $21,270,013,326
1984 $11,594,000,000 $20,106,648,455
1983 $9,220,600,000 $20,766,047,764
1982 $8,267,400,000 $21,474,752,962
1981 $7,561,300,000 $20,670,190,138
1980 $6,761,300,000 $21,747,855,640
1979 $5,498,800,000 $18,319,334,300
1978 $4,734,400,000 $14,647,996,074
1977 $4,587,100,000 $11,248,340,431
1976 $3,951,500,000 $9,453,756,015
1975 $3,599,200,000 $9,483,808,362
1974 $2,925,700,000 $7,896,860,615
1973 $2,344,800,000 $7,481,173,066
1972 $1,987,400,000 $6,318,060,582
1971 $1,666,500,000 $5,098,250,287
1970 $1,485,500,000 $4,395,995,086
1969 $1,230,500,000 $3,902,721,632
1968 $1,079,100,000 $3,378,701,147
1967 $1,034,800,000 $3,445,739,915
1966 $983,900,000 $3,198,820,904
1965 $888,100,000 $3,035,655,794
1964 $1,025,599,900 $2,851,091,646
1963 $940,799,900 $2,505,073,358
1962 $824,100,000 $2,329,372,972
1961 $654,100,200 $2,151,772,980
1960 $672,399,700 $1,998,550,222

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/ireland | CC BY

GDP per capita in Dominican Republic vs Ireland by year

Dominican Republic
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Ireland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Dominican Republic Ireland
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $11,059 - $131,592 -
2024 $10,876 $27,542 $112,895 $133,437
2023 $10,630 $25,840 $106,819 $129,683
2022 $10,104 $24,626 $105,191 $138,523
2021 $8,527 $22,053 $103,783 $116,904
2020 $7,135 $18,998 $86,514 $97,800
2019 $8,183 $19,767 $81,828 $92,023
2018 $7,883 $17,995 $80,804 $86,299
2017 $7,413 $16,846 $72,161 $80,450
2016 $7,160 $16,282 $64,130 $73,013
2015 $6,801 $14,804 $64,250 $71,588
2014 $6,496 $13,465 $57,215 $52,641
2013 $6,137 $12,414 $52,538 $48,839
2012 $6,014 $11,777 $49,336 $46,726
2011 $5,827 $11,695 $52,614 $45,526
2010 $5,479 $11,246 $48,624 $43,212
2009 $4,974 $10,382 $52,133 $41,491
2008 $5,024 $10,346 $61,353 $44,169
2007 $4,650 $9,951 $61,396 $46,782
2006 $4,055 $9,130 $54,329 $44,223
2005 $3,878 $8,215 $50,933 $40,466
2004 $2,452 $7,375 $47,754 $38,729
2003 $2,383 $7,098 $41,204 $36,280
2002 $3,066 $7,158 $32,705 $35,222
2001 $2,936 $6,848 $28,282 $32,573
2000 $2,831 $6,639 $26,335 $30,216
1999 $2,621 $6,305 $26,338 $27,041
1998 $2,608 $5,963 $24,295 $25,094
1997 $2,449 $5,618 $22,551 $22,637
1996 $2,271 $5,161 $20,836 $20,482
1995 $2,109 $4,871 $19,158 $18,944
1994 $1,892 $4,599 $15,903 $17,011
1993 $1,722 $4,474 $14,657 $15,811
1992 $1,558 $4,151 $15,714 $15,116
1991 $1,346 $3,722 $14,087 $14,399
1990 $989 $3,641 $14,031 $13,743
1989 $955 - $11,176 -
1988 $784 - $10,716 -
1987 $868 - $9,582 -
1986 $932 - $8,112 -
1985 $784 - $6,012 -
1984 $1,844 - $5,692 -
1983 $1,500 - $5,915 -
1982 $1,376 - $6,161 -
1981 $1,288 - $5,986 -
1980 $1,180 - $6,372 -
1979 $984 - $5,430 -
1978 $868 - $4,400 -
1977 $863 - $3,427 -
1976 $763 - $2,920 -
1975 $713 - $2,973 -
1974 $595 - $2,517 -
1973 $490 - $2,424 -
1972 $427 - $2,080 -
1971 $368 - $1,704 -
1970 $338 - $1,487 -
1969 $287.7 - $1,331 -
1968 $259.6 - $1,159 -
1967 $256.2 - $1,187 -
1966 $250.9 - $1,107 -
1965 $233.2 - $1,055 -
1964 $277.3 - $995 -
1963 $262.2 - $878 -
1962 $236.8 - $821 -
1961 $193.9 - $762 -
1960 $205.7 - $707 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/ireland | CC BY

The Dominican Republic's GDP per capita is $11,059, ranking 83/197, compared to $131,592 in Ireland, ranking 4/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Dominican Republic ranks 76th at $27,542, while Ireland ranks 4th at $133,437.

Economic indicators

Dominican Republic Ireland
Gross domestic product
$127B
2025
$722B
2025
GDP rank
65/197
2025
24/197
2025
GDP growth
2.12%
2024-2025
12.3%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$11,059
2025
$131,592
2025
GDP per capita rank
83/197
2025
4/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$27,542
2024
$133,437
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
76/197
2024
4/197
2024
Government debt
$75.2B
2025
$238B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
59%
2025
32.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$6,525
2025
$43,334
2025
Government debt per person rank
73/185
2025
14/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$7,179
2026
$47,174
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$110B
2018
Number of millionaires n/a
192,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
11
2026
Income share by richest 10%
29.5%
2024
24.1%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2024
3.7%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
19.3%
2025
21.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.87%
2024-2025
2.21%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
5.5%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
5.17%
2025
4.7%
2025
Population
11656588
5562212

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Dominican Republic
Spending

Debt
Ireland
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Dominican Republic Ireland
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 19.3% 59% 21.6% 32.9%
2024 19.5% 58.8% 22.4% 38.3%
2023 19.1% 60.5% 22.2% 41.8%
2022 18.5% 59.6% 20.7% 42.9%
2021 18.4% 62.8% 23.5% 52.4%
2020 22.2% 71.8% 26.7% 56.9%
2019 17.8% 53.5% 23.9% 55.8%
2018 16.5% 50.8% 24.7% 61.3%
2017 17.3% 49.5% 25.3% 65.2%
2016 17% 46.7% 27.5% 72.7%
2015 16.7% 44.8% 28.1% 74%
2014 17% 45% 36.6% 101.4%
2013 18.5% 46.8% 39.8% 117.7%
2012 19.8% 42.4% 42.3% 118.9%
2011 16% 39.1% 46.9% 109.6%
2010 16.1% 37.4% 64.9% 86.2%
2009 16.2% 36.8% 46.9% 61.8%
2008 18.5% 33.6% 41.6% 42.5%
2007 16.3% 32.9% 35.6% 23.9%
2006 17% 36% 33.6% 23.7%
2005 15.5% 38.3% 33% 26.1%
2004 17.3% 34.3% 32.8% 28.1%
2003 17.2% 48.2% 32.7% 29.8%
2002 16.5% 21.5% 32.9% 30.9%
2001 14.9% 20.4% 32.2% 33.6%
2000 14.1% 16.7% 30.6% 36.4%
1999 13.4% 16% 32.5% 46.6%
1998 12.6% 13.2% 34.2% 51.4%
1997 13.2% 13.8% 36.1% 61.6%
1996 11.4% 23% 38.5% 69.8%
1995 11% 25.7% 40.3% 78.5%
1994 12.1% 28.5% 43.9% 88%
1993 13% 36.1% 44.6% 93.4%
1992 10.4% 38.5% 44.8% 90.6%
1991 8.65% 47.3% 44.4% 93.8%
1990 9.1% 84.7% 42.8% 92.7%
1989 11.3% 62.5% 42.5% 97.9%
1988 12.8% 77% 48.2% 106.5%
1987 11.2% 86.9% 51.4% 108.3%
1986 10.4% 63.8% 52.9% 107.2%
1985 9.8% 66.3% 53.2% 93%
1984 9.32% 28.9% 52.7% 90.2%
1983 10.2% 32.9% 55.6% 86.1%
1982 10.2% 33.1% 56.7% 73.5%
1981 12.1% 29.8% 54.1% 68.8%
1980 12.8% 15.2% 53.7% 64.6%
1979 13.8% 24% 48.7% 63.5%
1978 12.3% 20.9% 46.2% 50.6%
1977 11.4% 16.4% 44.6% 49.2%
1976 12.5% 15.6% 47.8% 51.7%
1975 13.7% 13.1% 48.2% 48.3%
1974 14.6% 14.6% 44.3% 43.5%
1973 13.7% 14.6% 40.3% 35.1%
1972 14.1% 16.4% 41.5% 37.3%
1971 13.8% 17.8% 45.3% 39.8%
1970 13.3% 18% 44.1% 41.7%
1969 15.5% 17.4% 42.5% 42.6%
1968 15.5% 18.1% 40% 44.7%
1967 15% 16.2% 39.3% 47.1%
1966 15.2% 14.5% 36.9% 47.7%
1965 12.8% - 35.8% 44.6%
1964 16.7% - 34.8% 43.1%
1963 15.1% - 33.6% 45.2%
1962 15.7% - 31.7% 44.5%
1961 20% - 31.4% 44.3%
1960 20.1% - 29.1% 44.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1995–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/ireland | CC BY

In 2025, the Dominican Republic's government spending was $24.6B, accounting for 19.3% of its GDP, while Ireland spent $156B, or 21.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 59% in the Dominican Republic and 32.9% in Ireland, ranking 80/185 and 149/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Dominican Republic

Ireland
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Dominican Republic Ireland
2025 -3.56% 1.54%
2024 -3.09% 4.02%
2023 -3.28% 1.36%
2022 -3.25% 1.58%
2021 -2.92% -1.31%
2020 -7.94% -4.87%
2019 -3.46% 0.41%
2018 -2.17% 0.09%
2017 -3.12% -0.3%
2016 -3.11% -0.76%
2015 -0.03% -1.97%
2014 -2.76% -3.52%
2013 -4.41% -6.28%
2012 -6.26% -8.42%
2011 -3.07% -13.5%
2010 -2.97% -32.1%
2009 -2.9% -13.9%
2008 -3.43% -7.03%
2007 0.28% 0.27%
2006 -1.69% 2.78%
2005 -0.71% 1.57%
2004 -3.6% 1.3%
2003 -4.24% 0.35%
2002 -2.28% -0.52%
2001 -0.73% 0.96%
2000 -0.86% 4.86%
1999 -0.79% 3.54%
1998 -0.29% 2.07%
1997 -0.64% 1.37%
1996 0.14% -0.2%
1995 0.82% -2.07%
1994 -0.39% -1.98%
1993 -0.16% -2.7%
1992 2.35% -2.92%
1991 0.11% -2.82%
1990 0.39% -2.77%
1989 -0.09% -2.64%
1988 -1.68% -4.62%
1987 -0.75% -8.47%
1986 -0.57% -10.5%
1985 -1.27% -10.7%
1984 -0.95% -9.43%
1983 -1.74% -11.5%
1982 -2.4% -13.1%
1981 -1.92% -12.1%
1980 -1.82% -11.1%
1979 -3.26% -10%
1978 -0.82% -8.27%
1977 0.15% -6.44%
1976 -0.22% -7.34%
1975 1.37% -11.1%
1974 -0.93% -6.96%
1973 -0.53% -3.84%
1972 -1.73% -3.23%
1971 -0.85% -3.5%
1970 -0.68% -3.64%
1969 -0.99% -3.4%
1968 -0.99% -2.72%
1967 -1.68% -2.69%
1966 -2.14% -2.26%
1965 -1.84% -3.5%
1964 -1.36% -3.35%
1963 -0.39% -2.92%
1962 -1.17% -2.91%
1961 -3% -2.6%
1960 -0.61% -1.97%
1959 -0.29% -2.16%
1958 -1.29% -4.3%
1957 0.21% -5.19%
1956 -0.05% -3.23%
1955 1.47% -5.06%
1954 1.43% -5.28%
1953 2.79% -5.77%
1952 0% -7.84%
1951 -2.58% -4.62%
1950 -3.66% -5.21%
1949 - -2.17%
1948 - -1.29%
1947 - -1.8%
1946 - -0.43%
1945 - -0.43%
1944 - 0.39%
1943 - -1.18%
1942 - -2.48%
1941 - -1.42%
1940 - -0.15%
1939 - -7.31%
1938 - -0.92%
1937 - -0.77%
1936 - -0.19%
1935 - -
1934 - -
1933 - 2.97%
1932 - -
1931 - -1.63%
1930 - -
1929 - -3.41%
1928 - -
1927 - -
1926 - -1.95%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1926–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1995–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/ireland | CC BY

In 2025, the Dominican Republic's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $4.53B, equivalent to 3.56% of GDP. This compares to Ireland's surplus of $11.2B, or 1.54% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, the Dominican Republic recorded a fiscal deficit in 58 of those years, while Ireland ran a deficit in 50 years. On average, the Dominican Republic posted an annual deficit equal to 1.65% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.07% of GDP for Ireland.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Dominican Republic

Ireland
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Dominican Republic Ireland
2025 3.87% 2.21%
2024 3.3% 2.11%
2023 4.79% 6.3%
2022 8.81% 7.83%
2021 8.24% 2.34%
2020 3.78% -0.33%
2019 1.81% 0.94%
2018 3.56% 0.47%
2017 3.28% 0.36%
2016 1.61% 0.02%
2015 0.84% -0.33%
2014 3% 0.19%
2013 4.83% 0.52%
2012 3.69% 1.69%
2011 5.8% 2.55%
2010 6.33% -0.92%
2009 1.44% -4.45%
2008 10.6% 4.04%
2007 6.14% 4.89%
2006 7.57% 3.94%
2005 4.19% 2.46%
2004 51.5% 2.18%
2003 27.4% 3.49%
2002 5.22% 4.63%
2001 8.88% 4.85%
2000 7.72% 5.58%
1999 6.47% 1.63%
1998 4.83% 2.41%
1997 8.3% 1.54%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/ireland | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, the Dominican Republic has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 7.51%, compared with 2.18% in Ireland. In 2025, inflation was 3.87% in the Dominican Republic and 2.21% in Ireland.

Top exports between countries

Dominican Republic
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $2.34M
Machinery & equipment $1.27M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.19M
Precious metals & jewellery $178K
Chemicals & pharma $173K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $49K
Wood & paper products $16K
Raw materials & minerals $7K
Metals $1K
Ireland
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $11.7M
Machinery & equipment $7.26M
Animal & marine products $5.19M
Chemicals & pharma $2.5M
Metals $1.18M
Wood & paper products $321K
Textiles & consumer goods $275K
Precious metals & jewellery $191K
Miscellaneous $27K
Raw materials & minerals $21K

Balance of trade

Dominican Republic Ireland
Current account balance
-$1.49B
2025
$106B
2024
Current account balance ranking
128/190
2025
7/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.17%
2025
+17.4%
2024
Goods imports
$29.8B
2025
$165B
2024
Goods exports
$16B
2025
$356B
2024
Service imports
$5.65B
2025
$467B
2024
Service exports
$14.4B
2025
$526B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
27.9%
2025
99.9%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
23.6%
2025
140.1%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Dominican Republic Ireland
Economic freedom 63.8 83.3
Economic freedom ranking 77/197 3/197
Property rights 53.9 94.4
Government integrity 39.8 84
Judicial effectiveness 58 95.4
Tax burden 84.4 77.7
Government spending 89.1 85.9
Fiscal health 76.6 97
Business freedom 71.4 85.5
Labor freedom 53.2 61.3
Monetary freedom 72.1 79.3
Trade freedom 67.4 79.4
Investment freedom 60 90
Financial freedom 40 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Dominican Republic
Ireland
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Dominican Republic Ireland
2026 63.8 83.3
2025 64.3 83.1
2024 62.9 82.6
2023 62.6 82
2022 63 82
2021 62.1 81.4
2020 60.9 80.9
2019 61 80.5
2018 61.6 80.4
2017 62.9 76.7
2016 61 77.3
2015 61 76.6
2014 61.3 76.2
2013 59.7 75.7
2012 60.2 76.9
2011 60 78.7
2010 60.3 81.3
2009 59.2 82.2
2008 57.7 82.5
2007 56.8 82.6
2006 56.3 82.2
2005 55.1 80.8
2004 54.6 80.3
2003 57.8 80.9
2002 58.6 80.5
2001 59.1 81.2
2000 59 76.1
1999 58.1 74.6
1998 58.1 73.7
1997 53.5 72.6
1996 58.1 68.5
1995 55.8 68.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/ireland | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Dominican Republic is 63.8, ranking 77/197, compared to 83.3 for Ireland, ranking 3/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Dominican Republic Ireland
Services, % of GDP
60.1%
2025
56.7%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
28.4%
2025
37.8%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
4.6%
2025
1.06%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$122B
2025
$479B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$26,980
2025
$106,310
2025
Total reserves including gold
$14.8B
2025
$13.7B
2025
Total reserves ranking
71/177
2025
73/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$5.03B
2025
$62.3B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$4.48B
2024
$4.82B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$47.3M
2024
$67.1B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.61%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
17.3%
2025
14%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.7%
2025
22.9%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/ireland | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1926–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1995–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.