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Economy of India vs Mauritius compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

India has a GDP of $3.91T compared to $14.9B for Mauritius, ranking 5/197 and 143/197 by economy size, respectively.

India has $3.19T in government debt (81.6% of GDP), compared to $13.6B (91.1% of GDP) in Mauritius.

India vs Mauritius GDP by year

India
Mauritius
1x
Year GDP, current $
India Mauritius
2024 $3,909,891,533,858 $14,937,861,786
2023 $3,638,489,096,034 $14,072,212,290
2022 $3,346,107,287,731 $12,936,444,123
2021 $3,167,270,623,260 $11,622,048,697
2020 $2,674,851,578,587 $11,566,111,138
2019 $2,835,606,256,558 $14,645,235,205
2018 $2,702,929,641,649 $14,957,535,716
2017 $2,651,474,262,755 $13,896,938,315
2016 $2,294,796,885,663 $12,757,680,847
2015 $2,103,588,360,045 $12,162,211,503
2014 $2,039,126,479,155 $13,230,490,082
2013 $1,856,721,507,622 $12,434,596,541
2012 $1,827,637,590,410 $11,832,323,837
2011 $1,823,051,829,895 $11,677,718,382
2010 $1,675,615,519,485 $10,144,716,155
2009 $1,341,888,016,995 $9,264,513,545
2008 $1,198,895,139,006 $10,127,777,060
2007 $1,216,736,438,835 $8,277,442,915
2006 $940,259,888,788 $7,137,710,413
2005 $820,383,763,511 $6,576,108,447
2004 $709,152,728,831 $6,667,418,752
2003 $607,700,687,237 $5,894,873,920
2002 $514,939,140,319 $4,906,494,249
2001 $485,440,139,204 $4,675,755,867
2000 $468,395,521,654 $4,726,108,622
1999 $458,821,052,616 $4,402,193,195
1998 $421,351,317,225 $4,225,813,976
1997 $415,867,563,593 $4,243,755,308
1996 $392,896,866,205 $4,481,489,762
1995 $360,281,909,643 $4,094,741,652
1994 $327,274,843,459 $3,606,050,873
1993 $279,295,648,983 $3,307,302,126
1992 $288,208,070,278 $3,267,677,814
1991 $270,105,341,879 $2,895,354,736
1990 $320,979,026,420 $2,689,212,760
1989 $296,042,052,945 $2,211,312,823
1988 $296,589,670,896 $2,163,252,449
1987 $279,033,584,092 $1,906,174,438
1986 $248,985,994,041 $1,482,601,552
1985 $232,511,554,840 $1,090,611,325
1984 $212,157,645,178 $1,054,564,759
1983 $218,262,146,413 $1,104,956,573
1982 $200,715,624,831 $1,092,923,636
1981 $193,491,368,446 $1,157,769,444
1980 $186,328,579,302 $1,147,027,924
1979 $152,995,442,498 $1,227,446,632
1978 $137,302,319,829 $1,029,040,323
1977 $121,486,641,441 $834,722,972
1976 $102,716,451,980 $713,510,052
1975 $98,473,832,017 $673,311,287
1974 $99,526,597,934 $669,894,030
1973 $85,517,673,173 $404,285,775
1972 $71,464,700,667 $318,664,900
1971 $67,351,404,352 $251,437,338
1970 $62,422,483,055 $224,125,805
1969 $58,447,995,017 $221,553,613
1968 $53,085,455,871 $206,576,631
1967 $50,134,942,204 $238,439,291
1966 $45,581,230,504 $227,534,083
1965 $59,556,105,229 $230,024,161
1964 $56,480,289,941 $218,914,569
1963 $48,421,923,459 $253,839,558
1962 $42,161,481,858 $197,738,208
1961 $39,232,435,784 $191,757,729
1960 $37,029,883,876 $162,089,564

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/mauritius | CC BY

GDP per capita in India vs Mauritius by year

India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Mauritius
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
India Mauritius
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $2,695 $11,160 $11,991 $31,840
2023 $2,530 $10,323 $11,270 $29,561
2022 $2,347 $9,207 $10,247 $26,874
2021 $2,240 $8,050 $9,178 $23,010
2020 $1,907 $6,966 $9,136 $21,622
2019 $2,041 $7,151 $11,568 $24,375
2018 $1,966 $6,715 $11,819 $23,416
2017 $1,950 $6,145 $10,987 $22,898
2016 $1,708 $5,800 $10,095 $21,952
2015 $1,584 $5,425 $9,631 $20,270
2014 $1,554 $5,192 $10,490 $19,294
2013 $1,433 $5,014 $9,877 $18,435
2012 $1,429 $4,820 $9,422 $17,259
2011 $1,445 $4,455 $9,324 $16,884
2010 $1,348 $4,206 $8,113 $15,920
2009 $1,095 $3,887 $7,427 $15,105
2008 $993 $3,633 $8,141 $14,569
2007 $1,022 $3,508 $6,677 $13,612
2006 $802 $3,221 $5,784 $12,593
2005 $710 $2,937 $5,354 $11,703
2004 $624 $2,682 $5,461 $11,216
2003 $544 $2,461 $4,858 $10,535
2002 $469 $2,277 $4,073 $9,824
2001 $450 $2,200 $3,909 $9,586
2000 $443 $2,091 $3,982 $9,143
1999 $442 $2,006 $3,746 $8,344
1998 $414 $1,852 $3,642 $8,121
1997 $416 $1,759 $3,696 $7,651
1996 $401 $1,695 $3,952 $7,206
1995 $375 $1,579 $3,648 $6,771
1994 $348 $1,467 $3,240 $6,414
1993 $303 $1,374 $3,014 $6,116
1992 $319 $1,309 $3,013 $5,753
1991 $306 $1,239 $2,705 $5,351
1990 $371 $1,212 $2,540 $5,010
1989 $350 - $2,103 -
1988 $358 - $2,074 -
1987 $345 - $1,840 -
1986 $315 - $1,442 -
1985 $301 - $1,069 -
1984 $281 - $1,042 -
1983 $296 - $1,103 -
1982 $278.7 - $1,101 -
1981 $275 - $1,181 -
1980 $271.1 - $1,187 -
1979 $228 - $1,292 -
1978 $209.4 - $1,102 -
1977 $189.6 - $906 -
1976 $164.1 - $787 -
1975 $161.1 - $755 -
1974 $166.7 - $763 -
1973 $146.6 - $467 -
1972 $125.3 - $374 -
1971 $120.7 - $299.6 -
1970 $114.4 - $271.3 -
1969 $109.5 - $272.7 -
1968 $101.6 - $258.7 -
1967 $98 - $304 -
1966 $91 - $296 -
1965 $121.5 - $305 -
1964 $117.9 - $297.3 -
1963 $103.4 - $353 -
1962 $92.2 - $282.3 -
1961 $87.9 - $281.7 -
1960 $84.9 - $238.3 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/mauritius | CC BY

India's GDP per capita is $2,695, ranking 143/197, compared to $11,991 in Mauritius, ranking 78/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), India ranks 130th at $11,160, while Mauritius ranks 71st at $31,840.

Economic indicators

India Mauritius
Gross domestic product
$3.91T
2024
$14.9B
2024
GDP rank
5/197
2024
143/197
2024
GDP growth
6.49%
2023-2024
4.93%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,695
2024
$11,991
2024
GDP per capita rank
143/197
2024
78/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$11,160
2024
$31,840
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
130/197
2024
71/197
2024
Government debt
$3.19T
2024
$13.6B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
81.6%
2024
91.1%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,200
2024
$10,929
2024
Government debt per person rank
118/185
2024
54/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,596
2026
$7,203
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$5.13T
2024
$9.12B
2024
Number of millionaires
917,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
205
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.1%
2022
29.9%
2017
Income share by poorest 10%
4.5%
2022
2.9%
2017
Government expenditure, % of GDP
28.4%
2024
33.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.95%
2023-2024
3.6%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
5.25%
2025
4.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
4.17%
2024
5.21%
2024
Population
1480351380
1240121

Spending and national debt comparison by year

India
Spending

Debt
Mauritius
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
India Mauritius
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 28.4% 81.6% 33.7% 91.1%
2023 27.9% 80.7% 29.9% 85.6%
2022 29.1% 82.2% 29.4% 86.9%
2021 29.9% 83.5% 30.8% 93.8%
2020 31% 88.4% 32.6% 93.4%
2019 26.8% 75.1% 27.8% 74.6%
2018 26.3% 70.4% 24.3% 64.1%
2017 26.2% 69.7% 24.3% 63%
2016 27.2% 68.9% 24% 64.3%
2015 27.1% 69% 24.5% 65%
2014 26.2% 67.1% 23% 60.6%
2013 26.6% 67.7% 24.1% 58.2%
2012 27.4% 68% 22.5% 55.9%
2011 27.6% 68.7% 23.7% 56.5%
2010 28% 67.7% 24% 56.4%
2009 28.5% 72.7% 25.2% 58.4%
2008 29.3% 74.3% 22.7% 49.4%
2007 26.9% 75.4% 21.5% 51.6%
2006 26.9% 77.9% 22.2% 59.3%
2005 26.9% 82.4% 23% 61.7%
2004 28.4% 84.9% 22.6% 61.1%
2003 29.9% 85.9% 23.4% 70.8%
2002 29.1% 84.3% 23.3% 66.7%
2001 28.3% 80.1% 22.4% 60.5%
2000 26.1% 74.9% 22.2% 59.7%
1999 25.8% 71.3% 27.5% -
1998 26% 69.3% 26.6% -
1997 25.2% 69% 27.5% -
1996 24.4% 67.1% 27.4% -
1995 25% 70.9% 27.3% -
1994 26.2% 74.8% 27.5% -
1993 26.2% 78.3% 24.5% -
1992 26.7% 78.8% 26.8% -
1991 27.3% 76.7% 27.2% -
1990 25.8% 50.8% 30.2% -
1989 25.7% 50.5% - -
1988 24.9% 48.9% - -
1987 22.5% 48.9% - -
1986 23.2% 47.9% - -
1985 21.6% 44.3% - -
1984 19.8% 41.6% - -
1983 17.8% 39.6% - -
1982 17.8% 41.7% - -
1981 16.6% 37.2% - -
1980 17.5% 38% - -
1979 15.6% 32.2% - -
1978 15% 30.8% - -
1977 13.9% 29.9% - -
1976 14.4% 31.3% - -
1975 12.7% 29.5% - -
1974 11.3% 29% - -
1973 12.9% 34.1% - -
1972 13.5% 37.2% - -
1971 12.4% 37.6% - -
1970 11.7% 38.1% - -
1969 11.5% 38.8% - -
1968 12.6% 40.3% - -
1967 13.8% 38.5% - -
1966 13.8% 36.2% - -
1965 13.7% 36.8% - -
1964 13.2% 33.8% - -
1963 12.3% 35.5% - -
1962 11.5% 36.2% - -
1961 11.8% 38.7% - -
1960 11.2% 36.5% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/mauritius | CC BY

In 2024, India's government spending was $1.11T, accounting for 28.4% of its GDP, while Mauritius spent $5.03B, or 33.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 81.6% in India and 91.1% in Mauritius, ranking 43/185 and 30/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
India

Mauritius
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
India Mauritius
2024 -7.9% -7.47%
2023 -7.4% -4.7%
2022 -8.97% -3.34%
2021 -9.45% -4.45%
2020 -12.9% -10.6%
2019 -7.69% -7.53%
2018 -6.34% -2.19%
2017 -6.23% -1.66%
2016 -7.12% -2.81%
2015 -7.21% -3.59%
2014 -7.07% -3.13%
2013 -7% -3.4%
2012 -7.55% -1.78%
2011 -8.35% -3.09%
2010 -8.79% -3.07%
2009 -9.7% -3.41%
2008 -9.17% -2.66%
2007 -4.59% -3.09%
2006 -6.38% -4.14%
2005 -7.49% -4.44%
2004 -9.22% -4.34%
2003 -11.4% -4.82%
2002 -11.1% -5.18%
2001 -11% -5.53%
2000 -8.41% -4.4%
1999 -8.7% -
1998 -9.74% -
1997 -8.28% -
1996 -6.71% -
1995 -6.81% -
1994 -8% -
1993 -8.57% -
1992 -7.89% -
1991 -7.9% -
1990 -8.07% -
1989 -7.68% -
1988 -7.01% -
1987 -9.53% -
1986 -10.6% -
1985 -9.58% -
1984 -8.54% -
1983 -7.28% -
1982 -6.78% -
1981 -6.07% -
1980 -7.27% -
1979 -4.87% -
1978 -4.45% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -4.1% -
1975 -3.11% -
1974 -2.3% -
1973 -3.53% -
1972 -3.14% -
1971 -2.9% -
1970 -2.35% -
1969 -2.66% -
1968 -3.98% -
1967 -4.97% -
1966 -4.18% -
1965 -4.49% -
1964 -4.41% -
1963 -4.16% -
1962 -3.3% -
1961 -4.1% -
1960 -4.05% -
1959 -5.29% -
1958 -5.08% -
1957 -3.35% -
1956 -2.93% -
1955 -2.77% -
1954 -2.61% -
1953 -1.83% -
1952 0.03% -
1951 -0.5% -
1950 -1.01% -
1949 -0.73% -
1948 -0.82% -
1947 -0.86% -
1946 -2.89% -
1945 -4.4% -
1944 -3.32% -
1943 -3.48% -
1942 -3.62% -
1941 -0.37% -
1940 -0.59% -
1939 -0.32% -
1938 -0.16% -
1937 -0.1% -
1936 -0.45% -
1935 -0.4% -
1934 -0.09% -
1933 0% -
1932 0.03% -
1931 -0.68% -
1930 -1.02% -
1929 -0.91% -
1928 -0.87% -
1927 -0.98% -
1926 -0.88% -
1925 -0.67% -
1924 -0.3% -
1923 -0.66% -
1922 -1.05% -
1921 -1.45% -
1920 -1.57% -
1919 -1.04% -
1918 -0.48% -
1917 -5.69% -
1916 0.25% -
1915 -0.51% -
1914 -0.98% -
1913 -0.85% -
1912 -0.58% -
1911 -0.42% -
1910 -0.85% -
1909 -0.7% -
1908 -1.25% -
1907 -1.22% -
1906 -0.8% -
1905 -2% -
1904 -0.53% -
1903 -0.56% -
1902 -0.56% -
1901 -0.27% -
1900 -1.06% -
1899 -0.56% -
1898 -0.49% -
1897 -1.02% -
1896 -1% -
1895 -0.41% -
1894 -0.5% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -0.56% -
1891 -0.64% -
1890 -0.8% -
1889 -0.45% -
1888 -1.94% -
1887 -1.28% -
1886 -0.75% -
1885 -1.48% -
1884 -1.22% -
1883 -0.81% -
1882 -0.77% -
1881 -0.05% -
1880 -0.69% -
1879 -0.39% -
1878 -0.12% -
1877 -0.84% -
1876 -0.8% -
1875 -0.87% -
1874 -0.15% -
1873 -0.28% -
1872 0.31% -
1871 0.42% -
1870 0.19% -
1869 0.01% -
1868 -0.38% -
1867 -0.12% -
1866 -0.31% -
1865 0.21% -
1864 -0.11% -
1863 -0.06% -
1862 0.15% -
1861 -0.16% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/mauritius | CC BY

In 2024, India's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $309B, equivalent to 7.9% of GDP. This compares to Mauritius' deficit of $1.12B, or 7.47% of GDP.

Over the past 25 years, India recorded a fiscal deficit in 25 of those years, while Mauritius ran a deficit in 25 years. On average, India posted an annual deficit equal to 8.34% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.19% of GDP for Mauritius.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
India

Mauritius
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
India Mauritius
2024 4.95% 3.6%
2023 5.65% 7.05%
2022 6.7% 10.8%
2021 5.13% 4.03%
2020 6.62% 2.58%
2019 3.73% 0.41%
2018 3.94% 3.22%
2017 3.33% 3.67%
2016 4.95% 0.98%
2015 4.91% 1.29%
2014 6.67% 3.22%
2013 10% 3.54%
2012 9.48% 3.85%
2011 8.91% 6.52%
2010 12% 2.93%
2009 10.9% 2.52%
2008 8.35% 9.73%
2007 6.37% 8.83%
2006 5.8% 8.91%
2005 4.25% 4.94%
2004 3.77% 4.71%
2003 3.81% 3.92%
2002 4.3% 6.42%
2001 3.78% 5.39%
2000 4.01% 4.2%
1999 4.67% 6.91%
1998 13.2% 6.81%
1997 7.16% 6.83%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/mauritius | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, India has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.33%, compared with 4.92% in Mauritius. In 2024, inflation was 4.95% in India and 3.6% in Mauritius.

Top exports between countries

India
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $311M
Machinery & equipment $128M
Textiles & consumer goods $127M
Chemicals & pharma $87M
Raw agricultural goods $57.7M
Animal & marine products $32.7M
Metals $20.5M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $9.52M
Wood & paper products $7.38M
Precious metals & jewellery $2.7M
Mauritius
Export category Export value
Metals $22.6M
Machinery & equipment $18.6M
Wood & paper products $2.01M
Chemicals & pharma $1.76M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.1M
Textiles & consumer goods $706K
Raw agricultural goods $493K
Raw materials & minerals $450K
Precious metals & jewellery $298K
Miscellaneous $185K

Balance of trade

India Mauritius
Current account balance
-$32.1B
2024
-$1.05B
2024
Current account balance ranking
186/190
2024
126/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.82%
2024
-7.03%
2024
Goods imports
$727B
2024
$6.35B
2024
Goods exports
$447B
2024
$2.37B
2024
Service imports
$197B
2024
$2.28B
2024
Service exports
$375B
2024
$4.19B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
23.5%
2024
78.3%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
21.2%
2024
67.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

India Mauritius
Economic freedom 52.5 73
Economic freedom ranking 146/197 26/197
Property rights 48.3 83.9
Government integrity 37.8 53.4
Judicial effectiveness 52.6 80.7
Tax burden 71.2 89.6
Government spending 75.7 73.8
Fiscal health 6.7 45.5
Business freedom 67.4 81.5
Labor freedom 59 69.6
Monetary freedom 70.9 70.7
Trade freedom 61 87
Investment freedom 40 70
Financial freedom 40 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

India
Mauritius
1x
Year Economic freedom index
India Mauritius
2026 52.5 73
2025 53 75
2024 52.9 71.5
2023 52.9 70.6
2022 53.9 70.9
2021 56.5 77
2020 56.5 74.9
2019 55.2 73
2018 54.5 75.1
2017 52.6 74.7
2016 56.2 74.7
2015 54.6 76.4
2014 55.7 76.5
2013 55.2 76.9
2012 54.6 77
2011 54.6 76.2
2010 53.8 76.3
2009 54.4 74.3
2008 54.1 72.6
2007 53.9 69.4
2006 52.2 67.4
2005 54.2 67.2
2004 51.5 64.3
2003 51.2 64.4
2002 51.2 67.7
2001 49 66.4
2000 47.4 67.2
1999 50.2 68.5
1998 49.7 -
1997 49.7 -
1996 47.4 -
1995 45.1 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/mauritius | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for India is 52.5, ranking 146/197, compared to 73 for Mauritius, ranking 26/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

India Mauritius
Services, % of GDP
49.9%
2024
64.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
17.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
16.3%
2024
4.23%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$3.84T
2024
$16.2B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$11,000
2024
$35,100
2024
Total reserves including gold
$643B
2024
$8.51B
2024
Total reserves ranking
5/177
2024
83/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$2.89B
2024
$963M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$27.1B
2024
$681M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$24.2B
2024
$38.3M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.38%
2024
10.1%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
21.9%
2011
8.4%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
32.9%
2024
21.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/mauritius | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.