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Economy of Gabon vs India compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Gabon has a GDP of $21.4B compared to $3.96T for India, ranking 132/197 and 6/197 by economy size, respectively.

Gabon has $16.9B in government debt (78.9% of GDP), compared to $3.33T (84.1% of GDP) in India.

Gabon vs India GDP by year

Gabon
India
1x
Year GDP, current $
Gabon India
2025 $21,427,119,323 $3,956,067,115,772
2024 $20,895,684,426 $3,760,813,470,501
2023 $19,388,372,071 $3,500,906,030,645
2022 $20,440,655,695 $3,249,938,492,013
2021 $19,444,935,097 $3,167,270,623,260
2020 $15,342,236,164 $2,674,851,578,587
2019 $16,874,405,465 $2,835,606,256,558
2018 $16,867,326,402 $2,702,929,641,649
2017 $14,929,487,485 $2,651,474,262,755
2016 $14,023,890,265 $2,294,796,885,663
2015 $14,383,107,763 $2,103,588,360,045
2014 $18,203,966,896 $2,039,126,479,155
2013 $17,595,744,798 $1,856,721,507,622
2012 $17,170,464,016 $1,827,637,590,410
2011 $18,210,307,744 $1,823,051,829,895
2010 $14,372,593,020 $1,675,615,519,485
2009 $12,113,699,068 $1,341,888,016,995
2008 $15,571,348,344 $1,198,895,139,006
2007 $12,455,409,587 $1,216,736,438,835
2006 $10,327,598,306 $940,259,888,788
2005 $9,582,783,991 $820,383,763,511
2004 $7,770,219,008 $709,152,728,831
2003 $6,511,903,365 $607,700,687,237
2002 $5,335,451,100 $514,939,140,319
2001 $5,023,265,413 $485,440,139,204
2000 $5,080,483,629 $468,395,521,654
1999 $4,662,992,036 $458,821,052,616
1998 $4,483,417,310 $421,351,317,225
1997 $5,326,817,115 $415,867,563,593
1996 $5,694,040,003 $392,896,866,205
1995 $4,958,845,648 $360,281,909,643
1994 $4,190,819,344 $327,274,843,459
1993 $4,378,645,081 $279,295,648,983
1992 $5,592,390,827 $288,208,070,278
1991 $5,402,919,785 $270,105,341,879
1990 $5,952,293,765 $320,979,026,420
1989 $4,186,411,464 $296,042,052,945
1988 $3,834,503,376 $296,589,670,896
1987 $3,281,797,043 $279,033,584,092
1986 $3,403,638,189 $248,985,994,041
1985 $3,339,914,757 $232,511,554,840
1984 $3,561,451,561 $212,157,645,178
1983 $3,391,275,732 $218,262,146,413
1982 $3,618,007,841 $200,715,624,831
1981 $3,862,269,121 $193,491,368,446
1980 $4,279,637,942 $186,328,579,302
1979 $3,030,251,120 $152,995,442,498
1978 $2,389,479,272 $137,302,319,829
1977 $2,809,349,069 $121,486,641,441
1976 $3,009,409,974 $102,716,451,980
1975 $2,157,592,940 $98,473,832,017
1974 $1,544,216,002 $99,526,597,934
1973 $722,780,701 $85,517,673,173
1972 $430,508,359 $71,464,700,667
1971 $381,687,073 $67,351,404,352
1970 $323,802,476 $62,422,483,055
1969 $318,124,701 $58,447,995,017
1968 $294,468,564 $53,085,455,871
1967 $271,543,680 $50,134,942,204
1966 $245,849,781 $45,581,230,504
1965 $226,474,286 $59,556,105,229
1964 $215,679,855 $56,480,289,941
1963 $154,480,244 $48,421,923,459
1962 $182,796,536 $42,161,481,858
1961 $167,637,907 $39,232,435,784
1960 $141,468,978 $37,029,883,876

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/gabon/india | CC BY

GDP per capita in Gabon vs India by year

Gabon
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Gabon India
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $8,263 - $2,702 -
2024 $8,230 $21,510 $2,592 $11,160
2023 $7,803 $20,756 $2,434 $10,323
2022 $8,409 $19,993 $2,280 $9,207
2021 $8,181 $18,524 $2,240 $8,050
2020 $6,606 $14,477 $1,907 $6,966
2019 $7,441 $15,950 $2,041 $7,151
2018 $7,624 $15,432 $1,966 $6,715
2017 $6,922 $14,797 $1,950 $6,145
2016 $6,677 $13,998 $1,708 $5,800
2015 $7,047 $14,306 $1,584 $5,425
2014 $9,201 $14,854 $1,554 $5,192
2013 $9,198 $14,498 $1,433 $5,014
2012 $9,297 $14,620 $1,429 $4,820
2011 $10,219 $14,784 $1,445 $4,455
2010 $8,357 $14,015 $1,348 $4,206
2009 $7,291 $13,384 $1,095 $3,887
2008 $9,689 $13,734 $993 $3,633
2007 $8,004 $14,391 $1,022 $3,508
2006 $6,847 $13,637 $802 $3,221
2005 $6,548 $14,028 $710 $2,937
2004 $5,466 $13,638 $624 $2,682
2003 $4,711 $13,564 $544 $2,461
2002 $3,966 $13,369 $469 $2,277
2001 $3,836 $13,556 $450 $2,200
2000 $3,983 $13,326 $443 $2,091
1999 $3,751 $13,629 $442 $2,006
1998 $3,700 $15,138 $414 $1,852
1997 $4,509 $14,837 $416 $1,759
1996 $4,943 $14,147 $401 $1,695
1995 $4,415 $13,750 $375 $1,579
1994 $3,828 $13,164 $348 $1,467
1993 $4,106 $12,757 $303 $1,374
1992 $5,386 $12,312 $319 $1,309
1991 $5,345 $12,760 $306 $1,239
1990 $6,051 $11,952 $371 $1,212
1989 $4,374 - $350 -
1988 $4,119 - $358 -
1987 $3,624 - $345 -
1986 $3,865 - $315 -
1985 $3,898 - $301 -
1984 $4,273 - $281 -
1983 $4,182 - $296 -
1982 $4,584 - $278.7 -
1981 $5,026 - $275 -
1980 $5,718 - $271.1 -
1979 $4,155 - $228 -
1978 $3,360 - $209.4 -
1977 $4,048 - $189.6 -
1976 $4,441 - $164.1 -
1975 $3,258 - $161.1 -
1974 $2,384 - $166.7 -
1973 $1,140 - $146.6 -
1972 $693 - $125.3 -
1971 $627 - $120.7 -
1970 $543 - $114.4 -
1969 $545 - $109.5 -
1968 $515 - $101.6 -
1967 $482 - $98 -
1966 $443 - $91 -
1965 $415 - $121.5 -
1964 $400 - $117.9 -
1963 $290.7 - $103.4 -
1962 $348 - $92.2 -
1961 $323 - $87.9 -
1960 $276.1 - $84.9 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/gabon/india | CC BY

Gabon's GDP per capita is $8,263, ranking 96/197, compared to $2,702 in India, ranking 149/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Gabon ranks 90th at $21,510, while India ranks 130th at $11,160.

Economic indicators

Gabon India
Gross domestic product
$21.4B
2025
$3.96T
2025
GDP rank
132/197
2025
6/197
2025
GDP growth
2.47%
2024-2025
7.57%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$8,263
2025
$2,702
2025
GDP per capita rank
96/197
2025
149/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$21,510
2024
$11,160
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
90/197
2024
130/197
2024
Government debt
$16.9B
2025
$3.33T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
78.9%
2025
84.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$6,521
2025
$2,272
2025
Government debt per person rank
74/185
2025
116/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,617
2026
$2,974
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$10.6T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
944,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
229
2026
Income share by richest 10%
27.7%
2017
22.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.2%
2017
4.5%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
28.6%
2025
28.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.77%
2024-2025
2.4%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
5.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
17.4%
2024
4.51%
2025
Population
2676097
1483314140

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Gabon
Spending

Debt
India
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Gabon India
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 28.6% 78.9% 28.5% 84.1%
2024 24.8% 70.9% 29.3% 84.8%
2023 21.5% 70.6% 29.7% 85%
2022 19.7% 65.6% 30% 84.6%
2021 17.3% 72.9% 30.7% 85.7%
2020 19.8% 83% 31.8% 90.6%
2019 17.4% 59.8% 27.4% 76.7%
2018 17.1% 62.3% 26.8% 71.7%
2017 18.1% 62.9% 26.6% 70.8%
2016 21.8% 64.5% 27.6% 69.8%
2015 22.3% 44.7% 27.3% 69.8%
2014 23.8% 34.1% 26.2% 67.6%
2013 34.7% 31.1% 26.5% 68%
2012 23.9% 21.4% 27.2% 68.1%
2011 22.1% 21.4% 27.3% 68.7%
2010 23.1% 21.3% 27.7% 67.7%
2009 22.6% 26% 28.1% 72.7%
2008 18.9% 20.1% 28.3% 74.3%
2007 19.4% 39.2% 26.1% 75.4%
2006 21.1% 34.9% 25.6% 77.9%
2005 20.8% 41.7% 26% 82.4%
2004 20.9% 60.3% 28.4% 84.9%
2003 21.2% 70.2% 29.9% 85.9%
2002 25.7% 81.1% 29.1% 84.3%
2001 27.8% 81% 28.3% 80.1%
2000 20.3% 72.5% 26.1% 74.9%
1999 25.5% 73.1% 25.8% 71.3%
1998 45.5% 87.6% 26% 69.3%
1997 29.7% 57% 25.2% 69%
1996 22.2% 64.5% 24.4% 67.1%
1995 25.1% 73.4% 25% 70.9%
1994 23.9% 71.3% 26.2% 74.8%
1993 26.9% 90.1% 26.2% 78.3%
1992 26.5% 87.9% 26.7% 78.8%
1991 25.1% 89.3% 26.8% 76.7%
1990 22.6% 90% 25.4% 50.8%
1989 - - 25.7% 50.5%
1988 - - 24.9% 48.9%
1987 - - 22.5% 48.9%
1986 - - 23.2% 47.9%
1985 - - 21.6% 44.3%
1984 - - 19.8% 41.6%
1983 - - 17.8% 39.6%
1982 - - 17.8% 41.7%
1981 - - 16.6% 37.2%
1980 - - 17.5% 38%
1979 - - 15.6% 32.2%
1978 - - 15% 30.8%
1977 - - 13.9% 29.9%
1976 - - 14.4% 31.3%
1975 - - 12.7% 29.5%
1974 - - 11.3% 29%
1973 - - 12.9% 34.1%
1972 - - 13.5% 37.2%
1971 - - 12.4% 37.6%
1970 - - 11.7% 38.1%
1969 - - 11.5% 38.8%
1968 - - 12.6% 40.3%
1967 - - 13.8% 38.5%
1966 - - 13.8% 36.2%
1965 - - 13.7% 36.8%
1964 - - 13.2% 33.8%
1963 - - 12.3% 35.5%
1962 - - 11.5% 36.2%
1961 - - 11.8% 38.7%
1960 - - 11.2% 36.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/gabon/india | CC BY

In 2025, Gabon's government spending was $6.14B, accounting for 28.6% of its GDP, while India spent $1.13T, or 28.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 78.9% in Gabon and 84.1% in India, ranking 44/185 and 38/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Gabon

India
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Gabon India
2025 -8.47% -7.44%
2024 -3.3% -7.85%
2023 1.79% -8.37%
2022 -0.89% -9.23%
2021 -1.93% -9.7%
2020 -2.19% -13.2%
2019 2.13% -7.86%
2018 -0.21% -6.46%
2017 -1.7% -6.33%
2016 -4.71% -7.21%
2015 -1.12% -7.28%
2014 5.98% -6.9%
2013 -3.07% -6.78%
2012 6.2% -7.32%
2011 1.41% -8.03%
2010 2.7% -8.53%
2009 6.77% -9.26%
2008 11% -8.15%
2007 8.06% -3.73%
2006 8.67% -5.11%
2005 7.98% -6.64%
2004 6.99% -9.22%
2003 7.75% -11.4%
2002 3.72% -11.1%
2001 4.07% -11%
2000 11.1% -8.41%
1999 1.11% -8.7%
1998 -13.1% -9.74%
1997 1.41% -8.28%
1996 2.12% -6.71%
1995 2.64% -6.81%
1994 -1.53% -8%
1993 -5.35% -8.57%
1992 -4.9% -7.89%
1991 -2.03% -7.44%
1990 -3.83% -7.63%
1989 - -7.68%
1988 - -7.01%
1987 - -9.53%
1986 - -10.6%
1985 - -9.58%
1984 - -8.54%
1983 - -7.28%
1982 - -6.78%
1981 - -6.07%
1980 - -7.27%
1979 - -4.87%
1978 - -4.45%
1977 - -4.1%
1976 - -4.1%
1975 - -3.11%
1974 - -2.3%
1973 - -3.53%
1972 - -3.14%
1971 - -2.9%
1970 - -2.35%
1969 - -2.66%
1968 - -3.98%
1967 - -4.97%
1966 - -4.18%
1965 - -4.49%
1964 - -4.41%
1963 - -4.16%
1962 - -3.3%
1961 - -4.1%
1960 - -4.05%
1959 - -5.29%
1958 - -5.08%
1957 - -3.35%
1956 - -2.93%
1955 - -2.77%
1954 - -2.61%
1953 - -1.83%
1952 - 0.03%
1951 - -0.5%
1950 - -1.01%
1949 - -0.73%
1948 - -0.82%
1947 - -0.86%
1946 - -2.89%
1945 - -4.4%
1944 - -3.32%
1943 - -3.48%
1942 - -3.62%
1941 - -0.37%
1940 - -0.59%
1939 - -0.32%
1938 - -0.16%
1937 - -0.1%
1936 - -0.45%
1935 - -0.4%
1934 - -0.09%
1933 - 0%
1932 - 0.03%
1931 - -0.68%
1930 - -1.02%
1929 - -0.91%
1928 - -0.87%
1927 - -0.98%
1926 - -0.88%
1925 - -0.67%
1924 - -0.3%
1923 - -0.66%
1922 - -1.05%
1921 - -1.45%
1920 - -1.57%
1919 - -1.04%
1918 - -0.48%
1917 - -5.69%
1916 - 0.25%
1915 - -0.51%
1914 - -0.98%
1913 - -0.85%
1912 - -0.58%
1911 - -0.42%
1910 - -0.85%
1909 - -0.7%
1908 - -1.25%
1907 - -1.22%
1906 - -0.8%
1905 - -2%
1904 - -0.53%
1903 - -0.56%
1902 - -0.56%
1901 - -0.27%
1900 - -1.06%
1899 - -0.56%
1898 - -0.49%
1897 - -1.02%
1896 - -1%
1895 - -0.41%
1894 - -0.5%
1893 - -0.59%
1892 - -0.56%
1891 - -0.64%
1890 - -0.8%
1889 - -0.45%
1888 - -1.94%
1887 - -1.28%
1886 - -0.75%
1885 - -1.48%
1884 - -1.22%
1883 - -0.81%
1882 - -0.77%
1881 - -0.05%
1880 - -0.69%
1879 - -0.39%
1878 - -0.12%
1877 - -0.84%
1876 - -0.8%
1875 - -0.87%
1874 - -0.15%
1873 - -0.28%
1872 - 0.31%
1871 - 0.42%
1870 - 0.19%
1869 - 0.01%
1868 - -0.38%
1867 - -0.12%
1866 - -0.31%
1865 - 0.21%
1864 - -0.11%
1863 - -0.06%
1862 - 0.15%
1861 - -0.16%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/gabon/india | CC BY

In 2025, Gabon's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.82B, equivalent to 8.47% of GDP. This compares to India's deficit of $294B, or 7.44% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Gabon recorded a fiscal deficit in 16 of those years, while India ran a deficit in 36 years. On average, Gabon posted an annual surplus equal to 1.26% of GDP, compared to deficit of 8.12% of GDP for India.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Gabon

India
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Gabon India
2025 1.77% 2.4%
2024 1.17% 4.95%
2023 3.63% 5.65%
2022 4.23% 6.7%
2021 1.09% 5.13%
2020 1.35% 6.62%
2019 2.46% 3.73%
2018 4.75% 3.94%
2017 2.65% 3.33%
2016 2.11% 4.95%
2015 -0.34% 4.91%
2014 4.69% 6.67%
2013 0.51% 10%
2012 2.65% 9.48%
2011 1.26% 8.91%
2010 1.46% 12%
2009 1.89% 10.9%
2008 5.26% 8.35%
2007 5.03% 6.37%
2006 -1.41% 5.8%
2005 3.71% 4.25%
2004 0.41% 3.77%
2003 2.24% 3.81%
2002 0.04% 4.3%
2001 2.14% 3.78%
2000 0.5% 4.01%
1999 -1.94% 4.67%
1998 1.45% 13.2%
1997 3.97% 7.16%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/gabon/india | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Gabon has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.03%, compared with 6.2% in India. In 2025, inflation was 1.77% in Gabon and 2.4% in India.

Top exports between countries

Gabon
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $453M
Wood & paper products $135M
Metals $2.45M
Chemicals & pharma $1.09M
Machinery & equipment $23K
Precious metals & jewellery $5K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3K
Textiles & consumer goods $2K
India
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $24.6M
Chemicals & pharma $20.5M
Metals $13.8M
Animal & marine products $10.7M
Textiles & consumer goods $9.53M
Wood & paper products $2.66M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.52M
Raw materials & minerals $2.43M
Raw agricultural goods $2.19M
Weapons & explosives $370K

Balance of trade

Gabon India
Current account balance
$141M
2015
-$16.5B
2025
Current account balance ranking
61/190
2015
182/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.98%
2015
-0.42%
2025
Goods imports
$3.17B
2015
$761B
2025
Goods exports
$5.11B
2015
$450B
2025
Service imports
$1.88B
2015
$203B
2025
Service exports
$277M
2015
$412B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
29.4%
2025
24%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
55.5%
2025
22.3%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Gabon India
Economic freedom 56.6 52.5
Economic freedom ranking 120/197 146/197
Property rights 30 48.3
Government integrity 22.6 37.8
Judicial effectiveness 19.9 52.6
Tax burden 76.5 71.2
Government spending 85.5 75.7
Fiscal health 87.9 6.7
Business freedom 63.6 67.4
Labor freedom 55.4 59
Monetary freedom 80.9 70.9
Trade freedom 57.4 61
Investment freedom 60 40
Financial freedom 40 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Gabon
India
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Gabon India
2026 56.6 52.5
2025 56.3 53
2024 56.9 52.9
2023 56.1 52.9
2022 55.8 53.9
2021 58.1 56.5
2020 56.7 56.5
2019 56.3 55.2
2018 58 54.5
2017 58.6 52.6
2016 59 56.2
2015 58.3 54.6
2014 57.8 55.7
2013 57.8 55.2
2012 56.4 54.6
2011 56.7 54.6
2010 55.4 53.8
2009 55 54.4
2008 54.2 54.1
2007 54.8 53.9
2006 56.1 52.2
2005 54.8 54.2
2004 57.1 51.5
2003 58.7 51.2
2002 58 51.2
2001 55 49
2000 58.2 47.4
1999 60.5 50.2
1998 59.2 49.7
1997 58.8 49.7
1996 55.7 47.4
1995 57.5 45.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/gabon/india | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Gabon is 56.6, ranking 120/197, compared to 52.5 for India, ranking 146/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Gabon India
Services, % of GDP
42.3%
2025
49.3%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
47.2%
2025
25.2%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
6.75%
2025
16.2%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$21B
2025
$4.04T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,660
2025
$11,600
2025
Total reserves including gold
$639M
2024
$700B
2025
Total reserves ranking
150/177
2024
5/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$25.3M
2015
-$3.41B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.14B
2024
$27.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$33.8M
2019
$24.2B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.62%
2024
2.47%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
33.4%
2017
21.9%
2011
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.8%
2025
34.6%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.