Skip to content

Economy of India vs Lebanon compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

India has a GDP of $3.91T compared to $20.1B for Lebanon, ranking 5/197 and 128/197 by economy size, respectively.

India has $3.19T in government debt (81.6% of GDP), compared to $38.7B (163.8% of GDP) in Lebanon.

India vs Lebanon GDP by year

India
Lebanon
1x
Year GDP, current $
India Lebanon
2024 $3,909,891,533,858 -
2023 $3,638,489,096,034 $20,078,620,357
2022 $3,346,107,287,731 $20,992,421,949
2021 $3,167,270,623,260 $23,131,941,557
2020 $2,674,851,578,587 $31,712,128,254
2019 $2,835,606,256,558 $51,605,959,131
2018 $2,702,929,641,649 $54,901,519,156
2017 $2,651,474,262,755 $53,027,680,686
2016 $2,294,796,885,663 $51,147,308,774
2015 $2,103,588,360,045 $49,929,337,837
2014 $2,039,126,479,155 $48,095,213,747
2013 $1,856,721,507,622 $46,880,103,081
2012 $1,827,637,590,410 $44,016,799,516
2011 $1,823,051,829,895 $39,927,125,962
2010 $1,675,615,519,485 $38,443,907,042
2009 $1,341,888,016,995 $35,399,582,929
2008 $1,198,895,139,006 $29,118,916,105
2007 $1,216,736,438,835 $24,827,355,015
2006 $940,259,888,788 $22,022,709,851
2005 $820,383,763,511 $21,497,336,499
2004 $709,152,728,831 $21,159,827,992
2003 $607,700,687,237 $20,082,918,740
2002 $514,939,140,319 $19,152,238,806
2001 $485,440,139,204 $17,649,751,244
2000 $468,395,521,654 $17,260,364,842
1999 $458,821,052,616 $17,391,056,369
1998 $421,351,317,225 $17,247,179,006
1997 $415,867,563,593 $15,751,867,489
1996 $392,896,866,205 $13,690,217,334
1995 $360,281,909,643 $11,718,795,529
1994 $327,274,843,459 $9,599,127,050
1993 $279,295,648,983 $7,941,744,492
1992 $288,208,070,278 $5,843,579,161
1991 $270,105,341,879 $4,690,415,093
1990 $320,979,026,420 $2,838,485,354
1989 $296,042,052,945 $2,717,998,688
1988 $296,589,670,896 $3,313,540,068
1987 $279,033,584,092 -
1986 $248,985,994,041 -
1985 $232,511,554,840 -
1984 $212,157,645,178 -
1983 $218,262,146,413 -
1982 $200,715,624,831 -
1981 $193,491,368,446 -
1980 $186,328,579,302 -
1979 $152,995,442,498 -
1978 $137,302,319,829 -
1977 $121,486,641,441 -
1976 $102,716,451,980 -
1975 $98,473,832,017 -
1974 $99,526,597,934 -
1973 $85,517,673,173 -
1972 $71,464,700,667 -
1971 $67,351,404,352 -
1970 $62,422,483,055 -
1969 $58,447,995,017 -
1968 $53,085,455,871 -
1967 $50,134,942,204 -
1966 $45,581,230,504 -
1965 $59,556,105,229 -
1964 $56,480,289,941 -
1963 $48,421,923,459 -
1962 $42,161,481,858 -
1961 $39,232,435,784 -
1960 $37,029,883,876 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/lebanon | CC BY

GDP per capita in India vs Lebanon by year

India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Lebanon
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
India Lebanon
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $2,695 $11,160 - -
2023 $2,530 $10,323 $3,478 $12,575
2022 $2,347 $9,207 $3,654 $12,293
2021 $2,240 $8,050 $4,045 $11,600
2020 $1,907 $6,966 $5,561 $16,260
2019 $2,041 $7,151 $8,906 $21,710
2018 $1,966 $6,715 $9,175 $21,985
2017 $1,950 $6,145 $8,608 $20,964
2016 $1,708 $5,800 $8,089 $18,941
2015 $1,584 $5,425 $7,714 $17,046
2014 $1,554 $5,192 $7,578 $16,140
2013 $1,433 $5,014 $8,162 $16,316
2012 $1,429 $4,820 $8,407 $16,121
2011 $1,445 $4,455 $7,835 $14,975
2010 $1,348 $4,206 $7,626 $14,704
2009 $1,095 $3,887 $7,091 $13,586
2008 $993 $3,633 $5,912 $12,416
2007 $1,022 $3,508 $5,125 $11,356
2006 $802 $3,221 $4,635 $10,312
2005 $710 $2,937 $4,602 $10,020
2004 $624 $2,682 $4,601 $9,609
2003 $544 $2,461 $4,438 $8,914
2002 $469 $2,277 $4,291 $8,586
2001 $450 $2,200 $4,010 $8,289
2000 $443 $2,091 $3,987 $7,938
1999 $442 $2,006 $4,087 $7,793
1998 $414 $1,852 $4,125 $7,861
1997 $416 $1,759 $3,834 $7,632
1996 $401 $1,695 $3,393 $7,560
1995 $375 $1,579 $2,959 $6,796
1994 $348 $1,467 $2,468 $6,367
1993 $303 $1,374 $2,079 $5,871
1992 $319 $1,309 $1,559 $5,279
1991 $306 $1,239 $1,278 $4,527
1990 $371 $1,212 $790 $2,990
1989 $350 - $771 -
1988 $358 - $959 -
1987 $345 - - -
1986 $315 - - -
1985 $301 - - -
1984 $281 - - -
1983 $296 - - -
1982 $278.7 - - -
1981 $275 - - -
1980 $271.1 - - -
1979 $228 - - -
1978 $209.4 - - -
1977 $189.6 - - -
1976 $164.1 - - -
1975 $161.1 - - -
1974 $166.7 - - -
1973 $146.6 - - -
1972 $125.3 - - -
1971 $120.7 - - -
1970 $114.4 - - -
1969 $109.5 - - -
1968 $101.6 - - -
1967 $98 - - -
1966 $91 - - -
1965 $121.5 - - -
1964 $117.9 - - -
1963 $103.4 - - -
1962 $92.2 - - -
1961 $87.9 - - -
1960 $84.9 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/lebanon | CC BY

India's GDP per capita is $2,695, ranking 143/197, compared to $3,478 in Lebanon, ranking 135/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), India ranks 130th at $11,160, while Lebanon ranks 123rd at $12,575.

Economic indicators

India Lebanon
Gross domestic product
$3.91T
2024
$20.1B
2023
GDP rank
5/197
2024
128/197
2023
GDP growth
6.49%
2023-2024
-0.76%
2022-2023
GDP per capita
$2,695
2024
$3,478
2023
GDP per capita rank
143/197
2024
135/197
2023
GDP per capita, PPP
$11,160
2024
$12,575
2023
GDP per capita PPP rank
130/197
2024
123/197
2023
Government debt
$3.19T
2024
$38.7B
2023
Debt-to-GDP ratio
81.6%
2024
163.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,200
2024
$6,704
2023
Government debt per person rank
118/185
2024
70/185
2023
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,596
2026
$3,560
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$5.13T
2024
$10.6B
2021
Number of millionaires
917,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
205
2025
6
2025
Income share by richest 10%
22.1%
2022
25.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
4.5%
2022
2.8%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
28.4%
2024
16.5%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.95%
2023-2024
45.2%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
5.25%
2025
20%
2023
Unemployment rate
4.17%
2024
11.3%
2019
Population
1480351380
5906622

Spending and national debt comparison by year

India
Spending

Debt
Lebanon
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
India Lebanon
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 28.4% 81.6% 16.5% 163.8%
2023 27.9% 80.7% 14.9% 192.8%
2022 29.1% 82.2% 13.4% 244.6%
2021 29.9% 83.5% 10.9% 358%
2020 31% 88.4% 23.2% 148.7%
2019 26.8% 75.1% 31.3% 172.1%
2018 26.3% 70.4% 32.3% 155.1%
2017 26.2% 69.7% 30.6% 150%
2016 27.2% 68.9% 28.3% 146.4%
2015 27.1% 69% 26.7% 140.8%
2014 26.2% 67.1% 28.8% 138.4%
2013 26.6% 67.7% 28.9% 135.4%
2012 27.4% 68% 30.2% 131.1%
2011 27.6% 68.7% 28.8% 134.4%
2010 28% 67.7% 29.2% 136.8%
2009 28.5% 72.7% 32.1% 144.5%
2008 29.3% 74.3% 34.3% 161.5%
2007 26.9% 75.4% 35.2% 169.3%
2006 26.9% 77.9% 36.1% 183.3%
2005 26.9% 82.4% 31.4% 178.9%
2004 28.4% 84.9% 33.3% 169.5%
2003 29.9% 85.9% 36.4% 171.3%
2002 29.1% 84.3% 36.8% 163.1%
2001 28.3% 80.1% 38.9% 163.1%
2000 26.1% 74.9% 42.8% 148.1%
1999 25.8% 71.3% 35.6% 130.2%
1998 26% 69.3% 34.7% 108.2%
1997 25.2% 69% 40.5% 100.2%
1996 24.4% 67.1% 43.6% 101.2%
1995 25% 70.9% 31.1% 79.6%
1994 26.2% 74.8% 47.3% 71.5%
1993 26.2% 78.3% 23% 50.5%
1992 26.7% 78.8% 36.1% 51.7%
1991 27.3% 76.7% 35.6% 67.1%
1990 25.8% 50.8% 40% 99.7%
1989 25.7% 50.5% - -
1988 24.9% 48.9% - -
1987 22.5% 48.9% - -
1986 23.2% 47.9% - -
1985 21.6% 44.3% - -
1984 19.8% 41.6% - -
1983 17.8% 39.6% - -
1982 17.8% 41.7% - -
1981 16.6% 37.2% - -
1980 17.5% 38% - -
1979 15.6% 32.2% - -
1978 15% 30.8% - -
1977 13.9% 29.9% - -
1976 14.4% 31.3% - -
1975 12.7% 29.5% - -
1974 11.3% 29% - -
1973 12.9% 34.1% - -
1972 13.5% 37.2% - -
1971 12.4% 37.6% - -
1970 11.7% 38.1% - -
1969 11.5% 38.8% - -
1968 12.6% 40.3% - -
1967 13.8% 38.5% - -
1966 13.8% 36.2% - -
1965 13.7% 36.8% - -
1964 13.2% 33.8% - -
1963 12.3% 35.5% - -
1962 11.5% 36.2% - -
1961 11.8% 38.7% - -
1960 11.2% 36.5% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/lebanon | CC BY

In 2024, India's government spending was $1.11T, accounting for 28.4% of its GDP, while Lebanon spent $2.99B, or 16.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 81.6% in India and 163.8% in Lebanon, ranking 43/185 and 6/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
India

Lebanon
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
India Lebanon
2024 -7.9% -0.19%
2023 -7.4% -1.7%
2022 -8.97% -7.77%
2021 -9.45% -2.67%
2020 -12.9% -7.37%
2019 -7.69% -10.5%
2018 -6.34% -11.3%
2017 -6.23% -8.65%
2016 -7.12% -8.88%
2015 -7.21% -7.48%
2014 -7.07% -6.22%
2013 -7% -8.82%
2012 -7.55% -8.43%
2011 -8.35% -5.94%
2010 -8.79% -7.47%
2009 -9.7% -8.1%
2008 -9.17% -9.86%
2007 -4.59% -10.9%
2006 -6.38% -10.6%
2005 -7.49% -8.57%
2004 -9.22% -9.83%
2003 -11.4% -14%
2002 -11.1% -16.2%
2001 -11% -21%
2000 -8.41% -23.9%
1999 -8.7% -16.7%
1998 -9.74% -17.3%
1997 -8.28% -24.5%
1996 -6.71% -25.7%
1995 -6.81% -13.6%
1994 -8% -29.1%
1993 -8.57% -7.19%
1992 -7.89% -24%
1991 -7.9% -19.5%
1990 -8.07% -30.2%
1989 -7.68% -
1988 -7.01% -
1987 -9.53% -
1986 -10.6% -
1985 -9.58% -
1984 -8.54% -
1983 -7.28% -
1982 -6.78% -
1981 -6.07% -
1980 -7.27% -
1979 -4.87% -
1978 -4.45% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -4.1% -
1975 -3.11% -
1974 -2.3% -
1973 -3.53% -
1972 -3.14% -
1971 -2.9% -
1970 -2.35% -
1969 -2.66% -
1968 -3.98% -
1967 -4.97% -
1966 -4.18% -
1965 -4.49% -
1964 -4.41% -
1963 -4.16% -
1962 -3.3% -
1961 -4.1% -
1960 -4.05% -
1959 -5.29% -
1958 -5.08% -
1957 -3.35% -
1956 -2.93% -
1955 -2.77% -
1954 -2.61% -
1953 -1.83% -
1952 0.03% -
1951 -0.5% -
1950 -1.01% -
1949 -0.73% -
1948 -0.82% -
1947 -0.86% -
1946 -2.89% -
1945 -4.4% -
1944 -3.32% -
1943 -3.48% -
1942 -3.62% -
1941 -0.37% -
1940 -0.59% -
1939 -0.32% -
1938 -0.16% -
1937 -0.1% -
1936 -0.45% -
1935 -0.4% -
1934 -0.09% -
1933 0% -
1932 0.03% -
1931 -0.68% -
1930 -1.02% -
1929 -0.91% -
1928 -0.87% -
1927 -0.98% -
1926 -0.88% -
1925 -0.67% -
1924 -0.3% -
1923 -0.66% -
1922 -1.05% -
1921 -1.45% -
1920 -1.57% -
1919 -1.04% -
1918 -0.48% -
1917 -5.69% -
1916 0.25% -
1915 -0.51% -
1914 -0.98% -
1913 -0.85% -
1912 -0.58% -
1911 -0.42% -
1910 -0.85% -
1909 -0.7% -
1908 -1.25% -
1907 -1.22% -
1906 -0.8% -
1905 -2% -
1904 -0.53% -
1903 -0.56% -
1902 -0.56% -
1901 -0.27% -
1900 -1.06% -
1899 -0.56% -
1898 -0.49% -
1897 -1.02% -
1896 -1% -
1895 -0.41% -
1894 -0.5% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -0.56% -
1891 -0.64% -
1890 -0.8% -
1889 -0.45% -
1888 -1.94% -
1887 -1.28% -
1886 -0.75% -
1885 -1.48% -
1884 -1.22% -
1883 -0.81% -
1882 -0.77% -
1881 -0.05% -
1880 -0.69% -
1879 -0.39% -
1878 -0.12% -
1877 -0.84% -
1876 -0.8% -
1875 -0.87% -
1874 -0.15% -
1873 -0.28% -
1872 0.31% -
1871 0.42% -
1870 0.19% -
1869 0.01% -
1868 -0.38% -
1867 -0.12% -
1866 -0.31% -
1865 0.21% -
1864 -0.11% -
1863 -0.06% -
1862 0.15% -
1861 -0.16% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/lebanon | CC BY

In 2023, India's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $269B, equivalent to 7.4% of GDP. This compares to Lebanon's deficit of $342M, or 1.7% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, India recorded a fiscal deficit in 34 of those years, while Lebanon ran a deficit in 34 years. On average, India posted an annual deficit equal to 8.27% of GDP, compared to deficit of 13.1% of GDP for Lebanon.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
India

Lebanon
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
India Lebanon
2024 4.95% 45.2%
2023 5.65% 221.3%
2022 6.7% 171.2%
2021 5.13% 154.8%
2020 6.62% 84.9%
2019 3.73% 2.9%
2018 3.94% 6.1%
2017 3.33% 4.5%
2016 4.95% -0.8%
2015 4.91% -3.8%
2014 6.67% 1.1%
2013 10% 5.6%
2012 9.48% 6.6%
2011 8.91% 5%
2010 12% 4%
2009 10.9% 1.2%
2008 8.35% 10.7%
2007 6.37% 4.1%
2006 5.8% 4.1%
2005 4.25% -1.4%
2004 3.77% 1.7%
2003 3.81% 1.3%
2002 4.3% 1.8%
2001 3.78% -0.4%
2000 4.01% -0.4%
1999 4.67% 0.2%
1998 13.2% 4.5%
1997 7.16% 7.7%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/lebanon | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, India has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.33%, compared with 26.6% in Lebanon. In 2024, inflation was 4.95% in India and 45.2% in Lebanon.

Top exports between countries

India
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $76.8M
Machinery & equipment $64.8M
Raw agricultural goods $38.2M
Animal & marine products $30.6M
Textiles & consumer goods $25M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $24.6M
Raw materials & minerals $8.8M
Precious metals & jewellery $7.67M
Metals $4.93M
Wood & paper products $4.62M
Lebanon
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $22.2M
Metals $12.9M
Raw agricultural goods $2.07M
Chemicals & pharma $721K
Machinery & equipment $493K
Precious metals & jewellery $383K
Wood & paper products $257K
Animal & marine products $165K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $141K
Textiles & consumer goods $102K

Balance of trade

India Lebanon
Current account balance
-$32.1B
2024
-$5.64B
2023
Current account balance ranking
186/190
2024
168/190
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.82%
2024
-28.1%
2023
Goods imports
$727B
2024
$16.7B
2023
Goods exports
$447B
2024
$3.85B
2023
Service imports
$197B
2024
$6.63B
2023
Service exports
$375B
2024
$7.92B
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
23.5%
2024
73.7%
2023
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
21.2%
2024
30.6%
2023

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

India Lebanon
Economic freedom 52.5 43.1
Economic freedom ranking 146/197 183/197
Property rights 48.3 21.8
Government integrity 37.8 23.4
Judicial effectiveness 52.6 23.8
Tax burden 71.2 90.3
Government spending 75.7 93.3
Fiscal health 6.7 63.4
Business freedom 67.4 47.6
Labor freedom 59 48.4
Monetary freedom 70.9 0
Trade freedom 61 65.6
Investment freedom 40 20
Financial freedom 40 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

India
Lebanon
1x
Year Economic freedom index
India Lebanon
2026 52.5 43.1
2025 53 44.1
2024 52.9 48.3
2023 52.9 45.6
2022 53.9 47.3
2021 56.5 51.4
2020 56.5 51.7
2019 55.2 51.1
2018 54.5 53.2
2017 52.6 53.3
2016 56.2 59.5
2015 54.6 59.3
2014 55.7 59.4
2013 55.2 59.5
2012 54.6 60.1
2011 54.6 60.1
2010 53.8 59.5
2009 54.4 58.1
2008 54.1 60
2007 53.9 60.4
2006 52.2 57.5
2005 54.2 57.2
2004 51.5 56.9
2003 51.2 56.7
2002 51.2 57.1
2001 49 61
2000 47.4 56.1
1999 50.2 59.1
1998 49.7 59
1997 49.7 63.9
1996 47.4 63.2
1995 45.1 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/lebanon | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for India is 52.5, ranking 146/197, compared to 43.1 for Lebanon, ranking 183/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

India Lebanon
Services, % of GDP
49.9%
2024
42.4%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
2.09%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
16.3%
2024
0.97%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$3.84T
2024
$21.4B
2023
GNI per capita, PPP
$11,000
2024
$12,420
2023
Total reserves including gold
$643B
2024
$33.3B
2024
Total reserves ranking
5/177
2024
54/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$2.89B
2024
-$583M
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$27.1B
2024
$1.84B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$24.2B
2024
$391M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.38%
2024
22%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
21.9%
2011
27.4%
2012
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
32.9%
2024
1.9%
2023

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/lebanon | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.