Skip to content

Economy of India vs Togo compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

India has a GDP of $3.96T compared to $11.9B for Togo, ranking 6/197 and 152/197 by economy size, respectively.

India has $3.33T in government debt (84.1% of GDP), compared to $7.49B (63% of GDP) in Togo.

India vs Togo GDP by year

India
Togo
1x
Year GDP, current $
India Togo
2025 $3,956,067,115,772 $11,889,949,067
2024 $3,760,813,470,501 $10,643,440,332
2023 $3,500,906,030,645 $9,723,300,577
2022 $3,249,938,492,013 $8,646,453,099
2021 $3,167,270,623,260 $8,541,668,141
2020 $2,674,851,578,587 $7,486,031,562
2019 $2,835,606,256,558 $6,992,942,459
2018 $2,702,929,641,649 $7,029,215,766
2017 $2,651,474,262,755 $6,387,424,240
2016 $2,294,796,885,663 $6,071,167,584
2015 $2,103,588,360,045 $5,755,457,836
2014 $2,039,126,479,155 $6,393,314,708
2013 $1,856,721,507,622 $6,021,729,630
2012 $1,827,637,590,410 $5,413,541,649
2011 $1,823,051,829,895 $5,422,439,152
2010 $1,675,615,519,485 $4,746,386,893
2009 $1,341,888,016,995 $4,721,888,275
2008 $1,198,895,139,006 $4,578,847,113
2007 $1,216,736,438,835 $3,759,962,853
2006 $940,259,888,788 $3,320,907,722
2005 $820,383,763,511 $3,221,910,408
2004 $709,152,728,831 $3,191,561,509
2003 $607,700,687,237 $2,987,984,051
2002 $514,939,140,319 $2,410,199,032
2001 $485,440,139,204 $2,093,498,674
2000 $468,395,521,654 $2,106,848,752
1999 $458,821,052,616 $2,226,577,204
1998 $421,351,317,225 $2,241,650,112
1997 $415,867,563,593 $2,116,818,623
1996 $392,896,866,205 $2,069,506,014
1995 $360,281,909,643 $1,849,110,468
1994 $327,274,843,459 $1,387,662,121
1993 $279,295,648,983 $1,741,944,426
1992 $288,208,070,278 $2,390,796,916
1991 $270,105,341,879 $2,262,767,860
1990 $320,979,026,420 $2,299,665,506
1989 $296,042,052,945 $1,910,635,575
1988 $296,589,670,896 $1,947,208,354
1987 $279,033,584,092 $1,763,978,066
1986 $248,985,994,041 $1,498,219,579
1985 $232,511,554,840 $1,076,604,520
1984 $212,157,645,178 $1,014,170,069
1983 $218,262,146,413 $1,081,387,265
1982 $200,715,624,831 $1,160,337,039
1981 $193,491,368,446 $1,359,026,709
1980 $186,328,579,302 $1,604,836,916
1979 $152,995,442,498 $1,259,365,712
1978 $137,302,319,829 $1,164,025,637
1977 $121,486,641,441 $1,097,893,826
1976 $102,716,451,980 $874,681,612
1975 $98,473,832,017 $871,781,687
1974 $99,526,597,934 $791,450,308
1973 $85,517,673,173 $574,030,984
1972 $71,464,700,667 $474,043,922
1971 $67,351,404,352 $404,648,368
1970 $62,422,483,055 $358,665,754
1969 $58,447,995,017 $378,091,810
1968 $53,085,455,871 $341,691,567
1967 $50,134,942,204 $327,215,844
1966 $45,581,230,504 $305,227,595
1965 $59,556,105,229 $264,505,506
1964 $56,480,289,941 $234,572,186
1963 $48,421,923,459 $202,305,865
1962 $42,161,481,858 $186,745,758
1961 $39,232,435,784 $178,497,098
1960 $37,029,883,876 $171,057,069

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/togo | CC BY

GDP per capita in India vs Togo by year

India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Togo
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
India Togo
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $2,702 - $1,384 -
2024 $2,592 $11,160 $1,266 $3,365
2023 $2,434 $10,323 $1,182 $3,154
2022 $2,280 $9,207 $1,072 $2,935
2021 $2,240 $8,050 $1,076 $2,639
2020 $1,907 $6,966 $961 $2,384
2019 $2,041 $7,151 $918 $2,215
2018 $1,966 $6,715 $942 $2,067
2017 $1,950 $6,145 $872 $1,986
2016 $1,708 $5,800 $843 $1,933
2015 $1,584 $5,425 $814 $1,880
2014 $1,554 $5,192 $922 $1,803
2013 $1,433 $5,014 $886 $1,715
2012 $1,429 $4,820 $814 $1,645
2011 $1,445 $4,455 $834 $1,616
2010 $1,348 $4,206 $750 $1,537
2009 $1,095 $3,887 $770 $1,474
2008 $993 $3,633 $771 $1,429
2007 $1,022 $3,508 $654 $1,387
2006 $802 $3,221 $596 $1,407
2005 $710 $2,937 $595 $1,368
2004 $624 $2,682 $604 $1,427
2003 $544 $2,461 $580 $1,440
2002 $469 $2,277 $479 $1,357
2001 $450 $2,200 $427 $1,320
2000 $443 $2,091 $440 $1,315
1999 $442 $2,006 $477 $1,332
1998 $414 $1,852 $492 $1,318
1997 $416 $1,759 $477 $1,373
1996 $401 $1,695 $482 $1,218
1995 $375 $1,579 $450 $1,140
1994 $348 $1,467 $355 $1,082
1993 $303 $1,374 $448 $925
1992 $319 $1,309 $608 $1,057
1991 $306 $1,239 $592 $1,107
1990 $371 $1,212 $619 $1,110
1989 $350 - $530 -
1988 $358 - $556 -
1987 $345 - $519 -
1986 $315 - $455 -
1985 $301 - $337 -
1984 $281 - $327 -
1983 $296 - $357 -
1982 $278.7 - $392 -
1981 $275 - $472 -
1980 $271.1 - $575 -
1979 $228 - $464 -
1978 $209.4 - $440 -
1977 $189.6 - $425 -
1976 $164.1 - $347 -
1975 $161.1 - $354 -
1974 $166.7 - $329 -
1973 $146.6 - $244.8 -
1972 $125.3 - $207.6 -
1971 $120.7 - $182.3 -
1970 $114.4 - $166.9 -
1969 $109.5 - $185 -
1968 $101.6 - $174.9 -
1967 $98 - $171.1 -
1966 $91 - $162.9 -
1965 $121.5 - $144.1 -
1964 $117.9 - $130.4 -
1963 $103.4 - $114.6 -
1962 $92.2 - $107.8 -
1961 $87.9 - $104.8 -
1960 $84.9 - $102.2 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/togo | CC BY

India's GDP per capita is $2,702, ranking 149/197, compared to $1,384 in Togo, ranking 167/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), India ranks 130th at $11,160, while Togo ranks 173rd at $3,365.

Economic indicators

India Togo
Gross domestic product
$3.96T
2025
$11.9B
2025
GDP rank
6/197
2025
152/197
2025
GDP growth
7.57%
2024-2025
6.31%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$2,702
2025
$1,384
2025
GDP per capita rank
149/197
2025
167/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$11,160
2024
$3,365
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
130/197
2024
173/197
2024
Government debt
$3.33T
2025
$7.49B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
84.1%
2025
63%
2025
Government debt per person
$2,272
2025
$872
2025
Government debt per person rank
116/185
2025
148/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,974
2026
$1,719
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$10.6T
2025
n/a
Number of millionaires
944,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
229
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.1%
2022
29.6%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
4.5%
2022
2.8%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
28.5%
2025
19.8%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.4%
2024-2025
0.43%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
5.25%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
4.51%
2025
1.97%
2022
Population
1483314140
8873660

Spending and national debt comparison by year

India
Spending

Debt
Togo
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
India Togo
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 28.5% 84.1% 19.8% 63%
2024 29.3% 84.8% 24.3% 66.2%
2023 29.7% 85% 24.8% 64.1%
2022 30% 84.6% 24.4% 63%
2021 30.7% 85.7% 21.3% 63.3%
2020 31.8% 90.6% 23.4% 61.4%
2019 27.4% 76.7% 16.6% 54.9%
2018 26.8% 71.7% 18.8% 58%
2017 26.6% 70.8% 16.3% 57.1%
2016 27.6% 69.8% 22.9% 59.9%
2015 27.3% 69.8% 22.9% 52.4%
2014 26.2% 67.6% 21.9% 44.9%
2013 26.5% 68% 20.5% 41.1%
2012 27.2% 68.1% 19.1% 34.3%
2011 27.3% 68.7% 18.2% 37%
2010 27.7% 67.7% 15.1% 33.5%
2009 28.1% 72.7% 14.3% 57.6%
2008 28.3% 74.3% 12.4% 67.3%
2007 26.1% 75.4% 13.7% 70.5%
2006 25.6% 77.9% 14.7% 67.7%
2005 26% 82.4% 13.3% 63.1%
2004 28.4% 84.9% 10.6% 48.7%
2003 29.9% 85.9% 8.88% 50%
2002 29.1% 84.3% 8.42% 54.8%
2001 28.3% 80.1% 10.9% 68.5%
2000 26.1% 74.9% 11.9% 66.5%
1999 25.8% 71.3% 11.9% 59.9%
1998 26% 69.3% 12.8% 62.8%
1997 25.2% 69% 10.6% 54.4%
1996 24.4% 67.1% 12.4% 60.4%
1995 25% 70.9% 12.7% 64.8%
1994 26.2% 74.8% 13.2% 79%
1993 26.2% 78.3% 14.8% 58.3%
1992 26.7% 78.8% 12.6% 45%
1991 26.8% 76.7% 14.6% 46.9%
1990 25.4% 50.8% 16.8% 44.7%
1989 25.7% 50.5% 16.9% 46.3%
1988 24.9% 48.9% - -
1987 22.5% 48.9% - -
1986 23.2% 47.9% - -
1985 21.6% 44.3% - -
1984 19.8% 41.6% - -
1983 17.8% 39.6% - -
1982 17.8% 41.7% - -
1981 16.6% 37.2% - -
1980 17.5% 38% - -
1979 15.6% 32.2% - -
1978 15% 30.8% - -
1977 13.9% 29.9% - -
1976 14.4% 31.3% - -
1975 12.7% 29.5% - -
1974 11.3% 29% - -
1973 12.9% 34.1% - -
1972 13.5% 37.2% - -
1971 12.4% 37.6% - -
1970 11.7% 38.1% - -
1969 11.5% 38.8% - -
1968 12.6% 40.3% - -
1967 13.8% 38.5% - -
1966 13.8% 36.2% - -
1965 13.7% 36.8% - -
1964 13.2% 33.8% - -
1963 12.3% 35.5% - -
1962 11.5% 36.2% - -
1961 11.8% 38.7% - -
1960 11.2% 36.5% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2004, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/togo | CC BY

In 2025, India's government spending was $1.13T, accounting for 28.5% of its GDP, while Togo spent $2.36B, or 19.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 84.1% in India and 63% in Togo, ranking 38/185 and 69/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
India

Togo
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
India Togo
2025 -7.44% -3.23%
2024 -7.85% -6.82%
2023 -8.37% -6.28%
2022 -9.23% -7.83%
2021 -9.7% -4.54%
2020 -13.2% -6.96%
2019 -7.86% 1.67%
2018 -6.46% -0.59%
2017 -6.33% -0.21%
2016 -7.21% -7.02%
2015 -7.28% -7.04%
2014 -6.9% -7.11%
2013 -6.78% -5.08%
2012 -7.32% -4.63%
2011 -8.03% -4.48%
2010 -8.53% -1.66%
2009 -9.26% -2.63%
2008 -8.15% -0.59%
2007 -3.73% -1.83%
2006 -5.11% -1.94%
2005 -6.64% -1.67%
2004 -9.22% 0.61%
2003 -11.4% 1.43%
2002 -11.1% -0.28%
2001 -11% -0.72%
2000 -8.41% -3.45%
1999 -8.7% -1.76%
1998 -9.74% -3.25%
1997 -8.28% -0.98%
1996 -6.71% -3.26%
1995 -6.81% -2.97%
1994 -8% -5.37%
1993 -8.57% -8.46%
1992 -7.89% -2.27%
1991 -7.44% -3.52%
1990 -7.63% -1.65%
1989 -7.68% -2.18%
1988 -7.01% -
1987 -9.53% -
1986 -10.6% -
1985 -9.58% -
1984 -8.54% -
1983 -7.28% -
1982 -6.78% -
1981 -6.07% -
1980 -7.27% -
1979 -4.87% -
1978 -4.45% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -4.1% -
1975 -3.11% -
1974 -2.3% -
1973 -3.53% -
1972 -3.14% -
1971 -2.9% -
1970 -2.35% -
1969 -2.66% -
1968 -3.98% -
1967 -4.97% -
1966 -4.18% -
1965 -4.49% -
1964 -4.41% -
1963 -4.16% -
1962 -3.3% -
1961 -4.1% -
1960 -4.05% -
1959 -5.29% -
1958 -5.08% -
1957 -3.35% -
1956 -2.93% -
1955 -2.77% -
1954 -2.61% -
1953 -1.83% -
1952 0.03% -
1951 -0.5% -
1950 -1.01% -
1949 -0.73% -
1948 -0.82% -
1947 -0.86% -
1946 -2.89% -
1945 -4.4% -
1944 -3.32% -
1943 -3.48% -
1942 -3.62% -
1941 -0.37% -
1940 -0.59% -
1939 -0.32% -
1938 -0.16% -
1937 -0.1% -
1936 -0.45% -
1935 -0.4% -
1934 -0.09% -
1933 0% -
1932 0.03% -
1931 -0.68% -
1930 -1.02% -
1929 -0.91% -
1928 -0.87% -
1927 -0.98% -
1926 -0.88% -
1925 -0.67% -
1924 -0.3% -
1923 -0.66% -
1922 -1.05% -
1921 -1.45% -
1920 -1.57% -
1919 -1.04% -
1918 -0.48% -
1917 -5.69% -
1916 0.25% -
1915 -0.51% -
1914 -0.98% -
1913 -0.85% -
1912 -0.58% -
1911 -0.42% -
1910 -0.85% -
1909 -0.7% -
1908 -1.25% -
1907 -1.22% -
1906 -0.8% -
1905 -2% -
1904 -0.53% -
1903 -0.56% -
1902 -0.56% -
1901 -0.27% -
1900 -1.06% -
1899 -0.56% -
1898 -0.49% -
1897 -1.02% -
1896 -1% -
1895 -0.41% -
1894 -0.5% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -0.56% -
1891 -0.64% -
1890 -0.8% -
1889 -0.45% -
1888 -1.94% -
1887 -1.28% -
1886 -0.75% -
1885 -1.48% -
1884 -1.22% -
1883 -0.81% -
1882 -0.77% -
1881 -0.05% -
1880 -0.69% -
1879 -0.39% -
1878 -0.12% -
1877 -0.84% -
1876 -0.8% -
1875 -0.87% -
1874 -0.15% -
1873 -0.28% -
1872 0.31% -
1871 0.42% -
1870 0.19% -
1869 0.01% -
1868 -0.38% -
1867 -0.12% -
1866 -0.31% -
1865 0.21% -
1864 -0.11% -
1863 -0.06% -
1862 0.15% -
1861 -0.16% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/togo | CC BY

In 2025, India's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $294B, equivalent to 7.44% of GDP. This compares to Togo's deficit of $384M, or 3.23% of GDP.

Over the past 37 years, India recorded a fiscal deficit in 37 of those years, while Togo ran a deficit in 34 years. On average, India posted an annual deficit equal to 8.11% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.2% of GDP for Togo.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
India

Togo
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
India Togo
2025 2.4% 0.43%
2024 4.95% 2.86%
2023 5.65% 5.49%
2022 6.7% 7.97%
2021 5.13% 4.19%
2020 6.62% 1.7%
2019 3.73% 0.67%
2018 3.94% 0.93%
2017 3.33% -0.98%
2016 4.95% 1.29%
2015 4.91% 2.59%
2014 6.67% 0.19%
2013 10% 1.83%
2012 9.48% 2.58%
2011 8.91% 3.56%
2010 12% 1.45%
2009 10.9% 3.71%
2008 8.35% 8.69%
2007 6.37% 0.95%
2006 5.8% 2.23%
2005 4.25% 6.78%
2004 3.77% 0.39%
2003 3.81% -0.93%
2002 4.3% 3.06%
2001 3.78% 3.92%
2000 4.01% 1.86%
1999 4.67% -0.05%
1998 13.2% 0.98%
1997 7.16% 8.25%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/togo | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, India has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.2%, compared with 2.64% in Togo. In 2025, inflation was 2.4% in India and 0.43% in Togo.

Top exports between countries

India
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $1.92B
Raw agricultural goods $394M
Machinery & equipment $102M
Textiles & consumer goods $101M
Chemicals & pharma $65M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $30.3M
Metals $23.7M
Wood & paper products $5.61M
Miscellaneous $1.54M
Weapons & explosives $1.42M
Togo
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $157M
Textiles & consumer goods $23.8M
Metals $21.5M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $16.8M
Raw agricultural goods $11.3M
Wood & paper products $3.93M
Machinery & equipment $1.14M
Chemicals & pharma $250K
Animal & marine products $5K

Balance of trade

India Togo
Current account balance
-$16.5B
2025
-$20.7M
2020
Current account balance ranking
182/190
2025
72/190
2020
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.42%
2025
-0.28%
2020
Goods imports
$761B
2025
$1.95B
2020
Goods exports
$450B
2025
$1.21B
2020
Service imports
$203B
2025
$438M
2020
Service exports
$412B
2025
$514M
2020
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
24%
2025
38.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.3%
2025
24.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

India Togo
Economic freedom 52.5 51.6
Economic freedom ranking 146/197 153/197
Property rights 48.3 43.6
Government integrity 37.8 33.3
Judicial effectiveness 52.6 34
Tax burden 71.2 68.9
Government spending 75.7 79.2
Fiscal health 6.7 9.6
Business freedom 67.4 60.1
Labor freedom 59 51.9
Monetary freedom 70.9 72.5
Trade freedom 61 65.8
Investment freedom 40 60
Financial freedom 40 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

India
Togo
1x
Year Economic freedom index
India Togo
2026 52.5 51.6
2025 53 52.3
2024 52.9 50.9
2023 52.9 55.3
2022 53.9 57.2
2021 56.5 57.5
2020 56.5 54.1
2019 55.2 50.3
2018 54.5 47.8
2017 52.6 53.2
2016 56.2 53.6
2015 54.6 53
2014 55.7 49.9
2013 55.2 48.8
2012 54.6 48.3
2011 54.6 49.1
2010 53.8 47.1
2009 54.4 48.7
2008 54.1 48.9
2007 53.9 49.7
2006 52.2 47.3
2005 54.2 48.2
2004 51.5 47
2003 51.2 46.8
2002 51.2 45.2
2001 49 45.3
2000 47.4 46.4
1999 50.2 48.2
1998 49.7 -
1997 49.7 -
1996 47.4 -
1995 45.1 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/togo | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for India is 52.5, ranking 146/197, compared to 51.6 for Togo, ranking 153/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

India Togo
Services, % of GDP
49.3%
2025
61.7%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
25.2%
2025
21%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
16.2%
2025
20.3%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$4.04T
2025
$11.6B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$11,600
2025
$4,090
2025
Total reserves including gold
$700B
2025
n/a
Total reserves ranking
5/177
2025
n/a
Net foreign direct investment
-$3.41B
2025
-$53.1M
2020
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$27.1B
2024
$83.8M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$24.2B
2024
-$73.4M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.47%
2024
3.22%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
21.9%
2011
43.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
34.6%
2025
20.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/togo | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–2004, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.